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    Ion Exchange - 3

    Uploaded by

    Bayu Kristyono
    The document discusses ion exchange systems and resin. It describes distributor types, vessel monitoring equipment, common problems including mechanical and operational flaws, and factors that affect resin stability such as temperature, oxidation, fouling, and shock. It also discusses resin aging mechanisms and sampling procedures.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Ion Exchange - 3

    Uploaded by

    Bayu Kristyono
    12 views22 pages
    The document discusses ion exchange systems and resin. It describes distributor types, vessel monitoring equipment, common problems including mechanical and operational flaws, and factors that affect resin stability such as temperature, oxidation, fouling, and shock. It also discusses resin aging mechanisms and sampling procedures.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document discusses ion exchange systems and resin. It describes distributor types, vessel monitoring equipment, common problems including mechanical and operational flaws, and factors that affect resin stability such as temperature, oxidation, fouling, and shock. It also discusses resin aging mechanisms and sampling procedures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    12 views22 pages

    Ion Exchange - 3

    Uploaded by

    Bayu Kristyono
    The document discusses ion exchange systems and resin. It describes distributor types, vessel monitoring equipment, common problems including mechanical and operational flaws, and factors that affect resin stability such as temperature, oxidation, fouling, and shock. It also discusses resin aging mechanisms and sampling procedures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 22

    Distributor Types

    Distributor Types

    Hub Lateral Radial Lateral


    Nozzle Types
    Ion Exchange Vessel Monitoring
    1 Regenerant Dilution Water Flow Meter 7 Before Valve Cluster Sample Tap *
    2 Dilute Regenerant Sample Tap* 8 Treated Water Sample Tap *
    3 Service Water , Backwash, and Rinse Water Flow Meter 9 Backwash & Rinse Sample Tap
    4 Service Water Temperature Gauge 10 Regenerant Line Double Block & Bleed with Telltale
    5 Inlet and Outlet Pressure Gauges 11 Vessel Window at Bed Level
    6 Service Water Sample Tap* 12 Vessel Window at Backwash Outlet and Distributor
    5
    3 * Sample Coolers Required for
    4
    Hot Samples

    1 Backwash and Rinse


    6 12
    Waste to Drain
    2
    10
    9
    11

    Treated
    Water
    to Process
    8
    5 7
    Regenerant
    Pump Option Except
    Regenerant for Softeners
    Tank
    Causes of Problems in Ion Exchange
    Systems

     Mechanical Flaws

     Operational Flaws

     Resin Instabilities
    Mechanical Flaws

     Leaking Valves

     Plugged or Broken Distributors

     Miscalibrated or Broken Monitoring Equipment

     Worn pumps or eductors


    Operational Flaws
     Improper backwash

     Improper flow rates

     Insufficient regenerant

     Improper regenerant concentration

     Contaminated Regenerant

     Suspended Solids in feedwater


    Resin Instabilities

    Loss of:

     Capacity

     Physical Integrity

     Density

     Reaction Kinetics
    Resin Physical Stability

    A function of:
     Degree of crosslinking
     Mesh size
     Process flow rate
     Cyclic concentration changes
     Frequency of the cycle
     Pressure drop
     Operating temperature
    Factors Affecting Resin Stability

     Temperature

     Oxidation

     Fouling

     Osmotic Shock

     Mechanical Attrition
    Temperature Affects on Resin

    Cation Exchange Resin


     Up to 300 deg. F - No adverse effect
     Above 300 deg. F - Loss of sulfonic acid groups

    Anion Resins - Salt Form Type I (II)


     Up to 170 deg. F - No adverse effect
     Above 170 deg. F - Loss of salt splitting capacity

    Anion Resins - Hydroxide form


     Type I - 122 deg F maximum
     Type II & Acrylic- 95 deg F maximum

    Weak Base Anion Resins - 200 deg F. maximum


    Affect of Oxidation

    Cation Exchange Resins


     Decrosslinks resin matrix
     Increases water content
     Decreases wet volume capacity
     Decreases density

    Anion Exchange Resins


     Degrades strong to weak base capacity
     Add weak acid functionality to weak base
     Increases rinse requirements
    Effect of Physical Foulants

     Increases ion leakage

     Slows reaction kinetics

     Reduces operating capacity


    Primary Resin Foulants

    Cation Resin
     Iron oxidation on bead
     Inorganic precipitates
     Dirt and Crud
     Cationic polymers

    Anion Resin
     Iron hydroxides
     High molecular weight organic acids
    Affect of Osmotic Shock

    Bead Cracking and Breakage

     Loss of resin

     Increased pressure drop

     Channeling of flow
    Resin Aging

    Cation aging mechanism


     Oxidation and fracture of crosslinking
     organo sulfonates leak onto downstream
    processes
    Anion aging mechanism
     Oxidation of strong base functional groups to weak
    base groups and eventually to weak acid functional
    groups.
    Resin Sampling Procedure

     Core sample each quadrant


    of a completely regenerated
    resin bed.

     Thoroughly mix quadrant


    samples

     Submit one pint of composite


    sample for analysis

     Include a completed Form 74


    Resin Analyses

    In field tests
     Cation surface foulant

     Microbio dye stain

     Cation in anion resin

     Microscopic analyses

     Precipitation of foulants

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