Notre Dame of Tacurong College

Senior High School Department

City of Tacurong

PRE-CALCULUS

FRANKLIN B. FLORES
PARABOLA
What is a Parabola?

-In mathematics, a parabola is a plane curve which is

mirror-symmetrical and is approximately U-shaped. It
fits any of several superficially different mathematical
descriptions, which can all be proved to define exactly
the same curves.
Definition of terms:

 Focus – fixed point. (F)

 Directrix – the fixed line. (D) or (x & y)
 Vertex – is the midpoint of the perpendicular segment
from the focus to the directrix. (V)
 Axis of Symmetry – line that passes through the vertex
and focus
 Latus Rectum – line segment through the focus
perpendicular to the axis of symmetry. (R1) and (R2)
 c – distance form vertex to focus.
Parts of Parabola
Equations of Parabola
VERTEX GENERAL FORM STANDARD FORM

y2 + Dx + F = 0 y2 = 4cx
C = (0,0) y2 = - 4cx

x2+ Ey + F = 0 x2 = 4cy
x2 = - 4cy

y2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 (y - k)2 = 4c (x – h)
C = (h,k) (y - k)2 = - 4c (x – h)

x2+ Dx + Ey + F = 0 (x - h)2 = 4c (y – k)
(x - h)2 = - 4c (y – k)
Formulas for Parabola at (0,0)
STANDARD FOCUS DIRECTRIX AXIS OF LATUS GRAPH
EQUATION SYMMETRY RECTUM
y2 = 4cx F = (c,0) x = -c x-axis R1 = (c, 2c) Opening
R2 = (c,-2c) Right

y2 = -4cx F = (-c,0) x=c x-axis R1 = (-c, 2c) Opening

R2 = (-c, -2c) Left

X2 = 4cy F = (0,c) y = -c y-axis R1 = ( 2c, c) Opening

R2 = (-2c, c) Upward

X2 = -4cy F = (0,-c) y=c y-axis R1 = (2c, -c) Opening

R2 = (-2c, -c) Downward
 V=(0,0)
1.)

: (0, c)

(0, -c)
D or y = -90

x2 = 4cy F = (0,c) y = -c y-axis R1 = ( 2c, c) Opening

R2 = (-2c, c) Upward
2.) Given the equation Find the Focus, Directrix, Axis of Symmetry
and Latus Rectum of the Parabola.

Opening Right

R1 = (21, 42)

or x = -21
R2 = (c, -2c)
R2 = (21, -2(21))
x - axis
R2 = (21, -42)

y2 = 4cx F = (c,0) x = -c x-axis R1 = (c, 2c) Opening Right

R2 = (c,-2c)
3.) Given the equation Find the Focus, Directrix, Axis of Symmetry
and Latus Rectum of the Parabola.

Opening Downward

R1 = (84, -42)

or y = 42
R2 = (-2c, -c)
R2 = (-2(42), -42)
y - axis R2 = (-84, -42)

x2 = -4cy F = (0,-c) y= c y-axis R1 = (2c, -c) Opening

R2 = (-2c, -c) Downward
4.) Given the equation Find the Focus, Directrix, Axis of Symmetry
and Latus Rectum of the Parabola.

c Opening Left

R1 = (-0.3, 0.6)

or x = 0.3
R2 = (-c, -2c)
R2 = (-0.3, -2(0.3))

x - axis R2 = (-0.3, -0.6)

y2 = -4cx F = (-c,0) x= c x-axis R1 = (-c, 2c) Opening

R2 = (-c, -2c) Left
Example 5:
Graph and solve the equation of the parabola with Vertex at (0,0) and Focus at (0,-6).

Graph:
2
𝑥 =− 4 𝑐𝑦
2
𝑥 =− 4 ( 6 ) 𝑦 𝑅1 =( 2 ( 6 ) ,− 6 )

𝑅1 =( 12,− 6 )
2
𝑥 =−24 𝑦

𝑐=6
𝐹 =( 0 ,− 6 )
𝑉 =or( 0,0
y=6
)
𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑦 → 𝑦 −𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠

x2 = -4cy (0,-c) y= c y-axis R1 (2c, -c) Opening

R2 (-2c, -c) Downward
 Formula for Parabola at (h,k)
STANDARD EQUATION AXIS OF
FOCUS DIRECTRIX SYMMETRY LATUS RECTUM GRAPH
(y - k)2 = 4c (x – h) F = (h + c, k) x=h–c y=k R1 = (h + c, k + 2c) Opening Right
R2 = (h + c, k - 2c)

(y - k)2 = - 4c (x – h) F = (h – c, k) x= h + c y=k R1 = (h - c, k + 2c) Opening Left

R2 = (h - c, k - 2c)

(x - h)2 = 4c (y – k) F = (h, k + c) y =k–c x=h R1 = (h + 2c, k + c) Opening

R2 = (h - 2c, k + c) Upward

(x - h)2 = - 4c (y – k) F = (h, k – c) y=k+c x=h R1 = (h + 2c, k - c) Opening

R2 = (h - 2c, k - c) Downward
 V=(h, k)

or (5.5, 5)

(y - k)2 = 4c (x – h) F = (h + c, k) x=h–c y=k R1 = (h + c, k + 2c) Opening Right

R2 = (h + c, k - 2c)
 2.) Given the equation of the parabola . Give the standard form and find the Vertex,
Focus, Directrix, Axis of symmetry and length of Latus Rectum.
𝟐
𝒙 −𝟐𝟒 𝒚 − 𝟏𝟐 𝒙+𝟐𝟎𝟒=𝟎 𝑳𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒔 𝑹𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒎
𝑥 2 − 12 𝑥 )= 24 𝑦 − 204 V = (6, 7) 𝑹 𝟏=( 𝒉+𝟐 𝒄 , 𝒌+ 𝒄 )

( ) )=24 𝑦 −204
2
2 12
𝑥 − 12 𝑥 + − 𝑭𝒐𝒄𝒖𝒔 : ( 𝒉 , 𝒌+𝒄 )
2 𝑅 1=(6 +12 , 13)
𝑭 =( 𝟔 , 𝟕+𝟔 )
𝑥 2 − 12 𝑥 +36 )=24 𝑦 −204 +36 𝑅 1=(18 ,13)
𝑫 𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒙 : ( 𝒌 −𝒄 )
24 24(
( 𝑥 − 12 𝑥 +36 )=24 24 𝑦 − 168
2
) y
𝑹 𝟐=( 𝒉 −𝟐 𝒄 , 𝒌+ 𝒄 )
𝟐
( 𝒙 − 𝟔) =𝟐𝟒 ( 𝒚 − 𝟕) y 𝑅 2=( 6 − 2(6) , 7+ 6 )
24 𝑅 2=( 6 −12 , 13 )
𝑐=
4 𝑨𝒙𝒊𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒚𝒎𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒓𝒚
𝒙=𝒉 𝑅 2=( −6 ,13 )
𝒄 =𝟔 𝒙 =𝟔
(x - h)2 = 4c (y – k) F = (h, k + c) y =k–c x=h R1 = (h + 2c, k + c) Opening
R2 = (h - 2c, k + c) Upward
 3.) Given the equation of the parabola . Give the standard form and find the Vertex,
Focus, Directrix, Axis of symmetry and length of Latus Rectum.
𝟐
𝒚 − 𝟔𝟎 𝒙 −𝟐𝟎 𝒚 +𝟏 ,𝟔𝟎𝟎=𝟎 𝑳𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒔 𝑹𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒎
V = (25, 10) 𝑹 𝟏=( 𝒉+𝒄 , 𝒌+𝟐 𝒄 )

𝑭𝒐𝒄𝒖𝒔 : ( 𝒉+𝒄 , 𝒌 )
𝑅 1=( 40 , 10+30)
𝑭 =( 𝟐𝟓+𝟏𝟓 ,𝟏𝟎 )
𝑦 2 − 20 𝑦 + 100 ) =60 𝑥 −1,600 +100 𝑅 1=( 40 , 40)
𝑭 =( 𝟒𝟎 ,𝟏𝟎 )
𝑫 𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒙 : ( 𝒉− 𝒄 ) 𝑹𝟐=( 𝒉+𝒄 , 𝒌− 𝟐 𝒄 )
¿ x
x 𝑅 2=( 25 +15 , 10 −2(15) )

60 𝑅 2=( 40 ,10 − 30 )
𝑐=
4 𝑨𝒙𝒊𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒚𝒎𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒓𝒚 𝑅 2=( 40 ,− 20 )
y
𝒄=𝟏𝟓 y

(y - k)2 = 4c (x – h) F = (h + c, k) x=h–c y=k R1 = (h + c, k + 2c) Opening Right

R2 = (h + c, k - 2c)
 4.) Given the equation of the parabola . Give the standard form and find the Vertex,
Focus, Directrix, Axis of symmetry and length of Latus Rectum.
𝟐
𝒙 + 𝟐 𝒙 +𝟏𝟐 𝒚 +𝟑𝟕=𝟎 𝑳𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒔 𝑹𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒎
2
𝑥 + 2 𝑥=− 12 𝑦 +37 𝑫 𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒙 : ( 𝒌+𝒄 ) 𝑹 𝟏=( 𝒉+𝟐 𝒄 , 𝒌 − 𝒄 )
2 y
𝑥 + 2 𝑥 +1=− 12 𝑦 − 37+ 1 y
2
𝑥 + 2 𝑥 +1=− 12 𝑦 − 36 𝑅 1=(− 1+ 6 , −6)
( 𝒙 +𝟏 )𝟐=− 𝟏𝟐 ( 𝒚 +𝟑 ) 𝑨𝒙𝒊𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒚𝒎𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒓𝒚 𝑅 1=(5 , − 6)
𝒙=𝒉
𝑐=
12 𝒙 =− 𝟏 𝑹 𝟐=( 𝒉 −𝟐 𝒄 , 𝒌 − 𝒄 )
4 V = (-1, -3)
𝑅 2=( −1 − 2 ( 3 ) ,− 3 −3 )
𝒄 =𝟑 𝑭𝒐𝒄𝒖𝒔 : ( 𝒉 , 𝒌 −𝒄 ) 𝑅 2=( −1 −6 ,− 6 )
𝑭 =( −𝟏 , −𝟑 −𝟑 )
𝑅 2=( −7 ,− 6 )
𝑭 =( −𝟏 , −𝟔 )

(x - h)2 = - 4c (y – k) (h, k – c) y=k+c x=h R1 (h + 2c, k - c) Opening

R2 (h - 2c, k - c) Downward
Example 5:
Find the standard equation of the parabola

2
𝑅1 =( h+ 𝑐 , 𝑘+2 𝑐 ) Graph:
𝑦 + 4 𝑦 − 4 𝑥+16=0
2
𝑦 + 4 𝑦 =4 𝑥 −16 𝑅1 =( 3 +1 ,− 2+2 ( 1 ) )
𝑅1 =( 3+1 , 0 )
2
𝑦 + 4 𝑦 + 4=4 𝑥 −16 + 4
¿ 𝑅1 = ( 4 , 0 )
2
( 𝑦+2 ) =4 ( 𝑥 − 3 ) 𝑅 2 =( h +𝑐 , 𝑘 − 2 𝑐 )

𝐶 =1 𝑅 2=(3+1,−2−2(1))
𝑉 = ( 3 ,− 2 ) 𝑅 2=( 3+1 , − 4)

𝐹=( 4,−2 ) 𝑅 2=( 4 ,− 4 )

𝐷=2
𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑦→ 𝑦=−2
(y - k)2 = 4c (x – h) F = (h + c, k) x=h–c y=k R1 = (h + c, k + 2c) Opening
R2 = (h + c, k - 2c) Right
 Parabola
“LIFE IS A MATH EQUATION. IN ORDER TO GAIN
THE MOST OF YOU, YOU HAVE TO KNOW HOW TO
CONVERT THE NEGATIVES INTO POSITIVES.”
End of Lesson!!!

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