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    Chapter 9

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    wallacec1017
    The document discusses magnetic fields, including how magnets work and have fields strongest at their poles. It describes how the Earth acts as a giant magnet with its magnetic field originating from its iron core. Electromagnets are created using coils of wire wrapped around an iron core, and their strength depends on factors like the number of coil turns, the core material, and electric current flowing through the coil.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chapter 9

    Uploaded by

    wallacec1017
    67 views16 pages
    The document discusses magnetic fields, including how magnets work and have fields strongest at their poles. It describes how the Earth acts as a giant magnet with its magnetic field originating from its iron core. Electromagnets are created using coils of wire wrapped around an iron core, and their strength depends on factors like the number of coil turns, the core material, and electric current flowing through the coil.

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    The document discusses magnetic fields, including how magnets work and have fields strongest at their poles. It describes how the Earth acts as a giant magnet with its magnetic field originating from its iron core. Electromagnets are created using coils of wire wrapped around an iron core, and their strength depends on factors like the number of coil turns, the core material, and electric current flowing through the coil.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    67 views16 pages

    Chapter 9

    Uploaded by

    wallacec1017
    The document discusses magnetic fields, including how magnets work and have fields strongest at their poles. It describes how the Earth acts as a giant magnet with its magnetic field originating from its iron core. Electromagnets are created using coils of wire wrapped around an iron core, and their strength depends on factors like the number of coil turns, the core material, and electric current flowing through the coil.

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    Magnetism

    Chapter 9
    9.1 Magnetic fields
    • A magnet is something that will attract magnetic materials.
    • It consists of two poles, N and S, which is North and South
    respectively.
    • The magnet has a magnetic field that will attract the paperclips when
    it reaches the area.
    • The magnetic field is strongest at the poles.
    9.1 Magnetic fields
    • A magnetic field can be detected by either observing whether a
    magnetic objects moves because of the attraction
    • OR use a compass.

    • A compass contains a magnetised needle that is free to turn. The


    needle will turn and point in the direction of a magnetic field.
    9.1 Magnetic fields
    • Magnetic field lines: how to draw?
    • There are several rules to follow when drawing magnetic field lines
    -You must join opposite poles
    -Have arrow that point N to S
    -Must not touch each other
    -Must not cross each other
    9.1 Magnetic fields
    • Therefore, you are able to tell where the magnetic field is strongest
    based on the magnetic fields lines. The magnetic field is strongest
    where the lines are closest together.

    • What happen if one magnet is stronger than the other?


    • It will either be all the field lines get closer
    • OR the field lines will extend further away from the magnet.
    9.1 Magnetic fields
    • Magnetic fields interacting
    -Two north poles repel
    -Two South poles repel
    -A north and a south attract
    The reason behind this is due to the magnetic fields.
    When a south and a north are pointing each other, there will be a force
    of attraction between the magnets.
    When like poles are together the magnetic fields will repel or try to
    move away from each other.
    9.2 The earth as a giant magnet
    • A rock called lodestone contained magnetite was found 4000 years
    ago. The small needle of the lodestone will always point to the north
    when floating on water. And the other end will always point to the
    south. This is the invention of compass. However, the compass does
    not pointed directly to the earth north pole but the geographic north
    pole. This point is now called magnetic north. Magnetic north moves
    very slowly and is currently in the arctic ocean, north of Alaska.
    • The invention of compass is very important as it helps people to
    navigate in places such as oceans and deserts.
    • In the diagram, the magnetic fields lines around
    the earth point towards the Earth’s north pole. In
    9.1 we studied that the magnetic field lines point
    from north to south.
    • That means the north pole of earth is actually a
    magnetic south pole.
    • And the south pole of earth is actually a magnetic
    north pole.
    • The geographic north and south poles are the parts
    of the Earth through which the spin axis passes.
    The axis is the imaginary line around which the
    Earth spins.
    • The earth’s magnetic field causes the natural
    appearance of lights visible in the night sky close to
    the north and south poles. These are caused by
    particles coming from the sun arriving into the
    stronger parts of the earth’s magnetic fields.
    9.2 The earth as a giant magnet
    • Origin of the Earth’s magnetic fields
    -peoples thought the earth was made almost from magnetic rocks. However, it is
    now known that the high temperatures deep inside the Earth would cause rocks to
    lose any magnetism that they had.
    -Scientists also know that the Earth’s magnetic fields has reversed in the past. The
    last change is around 500 000 years ago, when The NORTH Really WAS NORTH.
    -It is now known that the CORE is the origin of the magnetic field. But scientists have
    still to discover the exact reason for this. The theory is that the heat generated in the
    core which is mostly made from iron causes it to continually create a magnetic field.
    The core also contains some nickel, which is another magnetic metal. The movement
    in the liquid outer core would explain why the magnetic poles move slowly, and have
    occasionally reversed. Magnetic north moves at a speed of about 60km per year.
    9.3 Electromagnets
    • Properties of magnetic materials.
    -Magnetic materials include the metals iron , nickel and cobalt. Steel is
    another common magnetic metal.
    -They can be magnetised, that means be turned into a magnet.
    -The magnets we are using are called permanent magnets because they
    have a magnetic field that is always there.
    -one way to magnetise a magnetic material is by using electricity. When
    this method is used, the magnet is called an electromagnet.
    9.3 Electromagnets
    • An electromagnets is made by wrapping a
    wire around a magnetic material. The wire
    that is wrapped around is called a coil. The
    material in the middle of the coil is called
    the core.
    • When current passes through the coil, the
    magnetic materials becomes magnetised.
    • When the current is switched off, the
    magnetic material loses most of its
    magnetism.
    9.3 Electromagnets
    • Poles of an electromagnet
    -An electromagnet has two poles, similar to a bar magnet. T find out which pole is which in two
    simple ways.

    • Use a magnetic compass. A magnetic compass points along the magnetic field lines, so will
    point towards the south pole.

    OR

    • Use a bar magnet with known poles, opposite poles will attract and like poles will repel.

    WHEN making electromagnets. WE can reverse the poles of an electromagnet in one of two
    ways.
    -Wrap the coil around in the opposite direction
    -Reverse the connection on the cell.
    9.3 Electromagnets
    • Applications of electromagnets
    -Some types of scanner in hospitals use powerful electromagnets. AN
    MRI scanner is used to produce images from inside the human body.
    -In a toaster, when the handle is pushed down, an electromagnet holds
    down a metal basket with bread in it, A timer turns the electromagnet
    off and the metal basket pops up with toast.
    -An electric bell uses an electromagnet to make the hammer move.
    When the electromagnet is on, the hammer is pulled onto the bell. The
    movement breaks the circuit and the hammer moves away from the
    bell. The circuit becomes complete again and the hammer is pulled
    back to the bell. This continues until the power supply is turned off.
    9.4 Investigating electromagnets
    • Strength of electromagnets
    • The factors that affects the strength of an electromagnets are the
    components that made up of an ELECTROMAGNET
    -A coil of wire(more turns,more stronger)
    -a magnetic core inside the coil and(Materials of the core. Iron and
    some types of steel make the strongest electromagnets)
    -an electric current flowing in the coil(The greater the current, the
    stronger the electromagnet)
    9.4 Investigating electromagnets

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