SEPTEMBER 2023

Arts in
the
Philippin
Quarter 1 - Module 1

es
After going through this
module, you are expected to:
1. define contemporary arts;
2. describe the art forms from the
various regions through the
development of
Philippine arts; and
3. describe various contemporary art
forms from the regions based on the
elements and principles of arts.
Arts in
the
Philippine
Art or “Sining” is defined as the different manners
of expressing human skills and

s
imagination in the creation of aesthetic conditions,
objects and presentations. Art is not
confined only to what is seen. Art involves the use
of all the physical senses in order to
appreciate it.
 Arts in
the
Philippine
Arts play a significant role in the abundant cultural
identity of the Philippines. It

s
reflects the people, history, and traditions of the
Philippines as a whole. With that, let
us check your ideas about Philippine arts.
Philippines has diverse art forms from its different regions.
These diverse art
forms, when integrated, give a clear picture of how abundant
the culture and tradition
of the Philippines is. It continues to evolve up to the
present and progress to
contemporary art tradition. As a Filipino, we should have
the knowledge about the
different art forms in the Philippines to fully understand
the culture, tradition, and
nation’s identity. In this module, you will have an understanding
and appreciation of the
Philippine Arts specifically the Contemporary Philippine Arts.
Manunggul Jar The Making of the Cinco Marias (Tres
Philippine Flag Marias Series)
 These are the guide questions:
1. What do the pictures of arts
present?
2. How these arts reflect the
Philippine’s culture and tradition
and the
development of Philippine arts?
 W W W. R E A L LY G R E AT S I
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The development of the Philippine arts comes in three major

traditions. These are
the Ethnic Tradition, Spanish Colonial Tradition, and
American Colonial and
Contemporary Arts Traditions.

Even before the colonization, the Philippines already has its

indigenous arts. In this era, art forms were primarily influenced
by the area where our ancestors prosper. However, the
Spaniards came who tend to replace indigenous arts with
western arts.
 W W W. R E A L LY G R E AT S I
TE.COM

For the period of Spanish rule, art forms were primarily

influenced by religion and secularization. Consequently, after
more than three centuries of Spanish colonization, Americans
came.
During American rule, development of Philippine art forms
was mainly influenced by education and governance.
Subsequently, concept of modern art was introduced and
practiced by many artists. It is in this time wherein
urbanization, consumerism, changes in the political system,
and rise of new technology influence the development of art.
 Ethnic
Tradition
Art forms are primarily In this time, the purpose of arts
influenced by the geographical is integral to life. Arts reflected
location and the experiences of the pagan beliefs and practices,
the Filipinos (Luzviminda & everyday activity such as
Sayseng, 2016). fishing and farming, and
specific decorative art pattern
to the community.
Angono Petroglyphs Manunggul Jar Banga

The Angono Petroglyphs is situated in

Binangonan, Rizal. It was discovered Manunggul jar is found in Banga literally means pots. The
by the National Artist, Carlos Manunggul Cave, Lipuun Point, Banga or pot dance is a performance of
“Botong” Francisco, in 1965. There Palawan in the early 1960s. Kalinga of the Mountain Province of the
are 127 human and animal figures Manunggul jar is a burial jar which Philippines. This dance shows the
engraved on the rock wall and dated signifies the belief of early Filipino in elegant grace of Igorot tribe and the skill
back to circa late Neolithic. life after death. and strength of women.
 Daru Jambangan Vakul Hogang

the royal residence of the ruler of the A vakul is a headgear designed to A hogang, fern-trunk statue, of a god
Tausug protect the wearer from sun and rain. It protecting boundaries in Ifugao
is made from vuyavuy palm fiber. The
Ivatans have three folk song styles: the
laji, the kanta, and the kalusan
Spanish
Colonial
Tradition
Art forms were primarily
influenced by religion and
secularization. In this time,
Spaniards used arts to
propagate the Catholic faith.
 Langit, lupa, at Doctrina Christiana St. Paul Metropolitan
Impyerno Cathedral
Doctrina Christiana (1593), the first
This wall painting by Josef Luciano book to be printed in the Philippines, St. Paul Metropolitan Cathedral is
Dans will be found in St. James the was a prayerbook written in Spanish located in Burgos, Vigan City, Ilocos
Apostle Church in Paete, Laguna. with an accompanying Tagalog Sur. The original structure was built in
This painting was dated 1850 and translation. 1574 and replaced as a church in 1641.
depicts the heaven, crucifixion of The cathedral follows a Baroque
Christ; earth, Adan and Eve; and architectural design.
hell, sinners with different
transgressions.
 Pandango sa Ilaw Santos Cenakulo

Pandanggo is a South East Asian dance Of all the new art forms introduced, the
style originating from the popular natives took to sculpture instantly. The The Senakulo (from the Spanish
Spanish dance style “Fandango”. This carving of anito was transformed into cenaculo) is a Lenten play that depicts
folk dance originated in Philippines, and sculpture of the saints. These santos events from the Old and New
is popular in the rural areas of the were used primarily for the church altars Testaments related to the life, sufferings,
country. and retablos. It also replaced the anitos and death of Christ.
in the altars of the natives’ homes.
 American Colonial and
Contemporary Arts
Traditions
Modern art refers to the Contemporary art refers to the
practice of art from 1860s to practice of art from 1970s to
1960s. the main theme of art the present. Contemporary arts
works in this time is national mirror contemporary culture
identity. and society. Diverse and
emerging art practices were
being introduced in this era.
The Making of the Bayanihan Las Damas Romanas
Philippine Flag
This painting was made by Fernando Carlos “Botong” Francisco was born
Amorsolo, “Grand Old Man of in Ango, Rizal. This painting by him “Las Damas Romanas”, painted by Juan
Philippine Art” and born in Manila. It was dated in 1962. This mural Luna in the style of the Neo-Classicism,
shows a reminder of the reminder of painting of Carlos “Botong” Francisco is one of the most famous paintings of
traditions and customs of the Filipino shows the Filipino’s bayanihan tradition. the Colonial period. Skilled in the style
This also shows the distinctive style of the Academy he was the first Filipino
of Francisco’s painting that showcased painter to win international recognition
his mastery in arts. in Europe and the US.
Cinco Marias (Tres Art Installation in Grace Period
Marias Series) Sand Dunes of Paoay
Federico Aguilas Alcuaz was born in This art installation of Leeroy New
Santa Cruz, Manila. Cinco Marias was made for the La Milagrosa Grace Period is a work suggesting
(Tres Marias Series) depicts the Festival in Ilocos Norte. According to ordinary office workers having
variety of domestic activities Leeroy New, the art installation rectangular buildings for their bodies.
(Guillermo, 2007) symbolizes the great festivals, feasts and
celebrations (Lape𝑛a, 2012).
 These art forms from various regions or
from various artists contributed to the
picture of Philippine’s identity as a country.
And as a Filipino, it’s important that we
have knowledge to describe these art forms
based on its details and elements, in relation
to our country’s culture and tradition, that
makes it an artistic piece. In the field of arts,
knowing the elements and principles of arts
is important, not just to the artist but also to
the viewer, to have a deeper understanding
of an artwork.
 Elements of
Space
Art Line Shape and Form
In visual arts, space pertains to In visual arts, a line is a series of Shape is an area that is enclosed by a
emptiness which may either be connected points. It may come in two line or lines. Shapes are two
positive space or negative space. characteristics: form – curved, dotted, dimensional figures with height and
Positive space refers to a part which is or broken lines; and direction – width. Meanwhile, forms are three
enclosed in a shape, while negative vertical, horizontal, or diagonal lines. dimensional figures. Its dimensions
space refers to the opposite part which are height, width, and volume.
Different types of lines may convey
the shape is enclosing. Unlike shapes, it has more depth
different meanings.
Space
Line
Shape and Form
 Elements of
Color
Art Value Texture
In visual arts, color is associated In visual arts, value is considered a In visual arts, texture is the element
with the natural phenomenon in property of a color which pertains to that appeals to our sense of feel on
our environment. Scientifically, when its lightness or darkness. things, rough, smooth, bumpy, or
a light passes through a prism, it will slippery. It pertains to the surface of
produce different hues of different an art piece.
wavelengths. These colors may
pertain to lightness, darkness,
coolness, or warmth.
Color
Value
Texture
Principles of Art
• Proportion • Harmony
In visual arts, harmony is the
Proportion refers to the relationship
of the size of elements in a body of
unity of the artwork, specifically
art. For example, when drawing a about the arrangement of the related
human standing beside a house, it elements.
is important to ensure that the size
of the human is proportional to the
size of the house.
Proportion
Harmony
Principles of Art
• Variety • Movement
In other terms, variety may be In arts, movement is the illusion of
referred to as diversity. This motion in a painting, sculpture
means adding multiple, different design, or in a piece of art.
elements to break the monotony
of an artwork and make it more
interesting.
Variety
Movement
Principles of Art
• Rhythm • Balance
This refers to the repetition of Balance refers to the even and equal
certain elements to produce a pattern. distribution of elements.
In visual arts, repeated design
elements may create a certain flow
• Emphasis
and may lead the viewer’s eyes. Emphasis is a principle which may
refer to the greater impact given on a
certain element.
Rhythm
Balance
Emphasis
These elements and principles of arts are essential to understand the meaning
of a piece of art clearly and deeply. In relation to that, diverse art forms in the
Philippines convey its meanings through the elements and principles present
to them. So, as we described some art forms from the various regions
through the development of Philippine arts, let’s use the elements and
principles of arts to understand it.