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Bms Mini Project

The document discusses battery management systems (BMS) for electric vehicle batteries. It provides an overview of typical battery configurations with multiple cells connected in series and parallel to achieve required voltages. A BMS is needed to monitor each cell and ensure uniform charging and safety. The objectives of a BMS are to optimize battery life, maximize energy storage and mileage range, and ensure safety through measures like temperature monitoring, voltage balancing, and overcharge protection.

Uploaded by

Aditya Mishra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
403 views

Bms Mini Project

The document discusses battery management systems (BMS) for electric vehicle batteries. It provides an overview of typical battery configurations with multiple cells connected in series and parallel to achieve required voltages. A BMS is needed to monitor each cell and ensure uniform charging and safety. The objectives of a BMS are to optimize battery life, maximize energy storage and mileage range, and ensure safety through measures like temperature monitoring, voltage balancing, and overcharge protection.

Uploaded by

Aditya Mishra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Battery Management system

Presentation By - Aditya Mishra


Electrical and Electronics
3rd Year , Section – A
© Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.

AGENDA

• Battery Management System (BMS) Overview


• Typical Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) Battery Configuration
• Why BMS ?
• BMS Design Objectives

2
© Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.

BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (BMS)

OVERVIEW

3
© Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.

TYPICAL BEV BATTERY CONFIGURATION


• The battery pack is the most critical and costly element in
modern day Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs).
• The typical nominal DC pack voltages required in
today’s BEVs are 400V or 800V.
• Each Li-Ion cylindrical cell is typically charged to
4.2V.
• This means that 96 cells (400V) or 192 cells (800V) are
required to be connected in series. Types of battery cells used in BEVs
• Cylindrical cells have a typical capacity of up to 4Ah.
• The battery pack therefore requires many battery cells
connected in parallel, to increase the capacity while the
parallel blocks are connected in series to achieve the
required pack voltage.
• Typical BEVs have around 80 cylindrical cells connected in
parallel; which would be denoted as a 96S-80P configuration
Parallel / series connections of cylindrical
in the 400V case.
battery cells forming a battery module as
• Vehicles also have 12V and 48V battery systems for
used in BEVs
auxiliary functions.
4
© Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.

WHY BMS?
• The battery charger provides a single DC output voltage to
charge the battery pack at the nominal 400Vdc or 800Vdc,
depending upon the configuration.
• The charging voltage will be distributed across the series-
connected blocks of cells.
• If there is any non-uniformity among the series blocks of cells
within the pack, a non-uniform charge will be applied to the cells.
• Any non-uniformity of the cell voltage during charging can Battery modules connected together to
cause a non-uniform capacity of the cells, degrading their form a battery pack
performance or could cause damage to the cells and possible
fire.
• Battery Management Systems (BMS) are required to monitor and
manage the battery pack to ensure safety, reliability, optimal
mileage range and maximum lifetime.
• Non-uniformity during charging can be corrected for using
cell voltage balancing.
• Other functions of the BMS include temperature monitoring
and protection and alarm reporting.
5
© Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.

BMS DESIGN OBJECTIVES – PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION

Requirements: BMS Actions: Objectives:


• Charge/discharge cycle • Pack voltage measurement • Optimize battery pack life
optimization • •
Pack current measurement Optimize energy stored
• State-of-charge (SOC) • Ambient temperature • Utilize maximum amount
• State-of-Health (SOH) of stored energy
• Coulomb counting (SOC)
• Adapting performance with • Maximize mileage range
• Analyze performance
temperature
(SOH)
• Optional: • Implement battery model
• Internal resistance and analysis
• State-of-Life (SOL)

6
© Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.

BMS DESIGN OBJECTIVES - SAFETY

Requirements: BMS Actions: Objectives:


• Safe and rapid charging • Cell voltage measurement • Correctly utilize available
• • battery capacity
Over-voltage protection Pack current measurement
• Maintain cell voltages
• Over-charge protection • Cell temperature
within limits
• measurement
Over-discharge protection •
• Maintain cell temperatures
• Correctly distribute capacity
Over-temperature protection within limits
to all cells within the pack
• Heat management / Cooling • Ensure an extremely
• Fusing of individual cells
system minimal risk of fire
• Thermal runaway
• Low temperature charging
management

7
© Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.

BMS DESIGN OBJECTIVES – MULTI-CELL MANAGEMENT

Requirements / Issues: BMS Actions: Objectives:


• Many parallel-connected • Cell voltage measurement: • Increase battery pack life
blocks of cells connected in Cell over/under voltage • Optimize energy stored
series strings alarms
• Utilize maximum amount
• Distribute charge uniformly • Cell temperature
of stored energy
to all cells measurement: Cell
• over/under temperature
Manufacturer mis-match of
alarms
cells
• Cell balancing
• Degradation of cell capacity
• Active
• Degradation of cell
performance over the • Passive
lifetime

8
Thank You

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