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    Sns College of Technology: Department of Civil Engineering

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    SANDHYA B
    This document discusses machine learning in MATLAB. It covers using MATLAB for basic machine learning tasks like regression, classification, and vectorization. It shows how to represent data, perform operations on multi-dimensional arrays, implement linear classification models, and visualize classification results. The goal is to demonstrate how a few lines of MATLAB code can be used to implement simple machine learning algorithms and apply them to real-world problems like spam filtering.

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    Sns College of Technology: Department of Civil Engineering

    Uploaded by

    SANDHYA B
    15 views10 pages
    This document discusses machine learning in MATLAB. It covers using MATLAB for basic machine learning tasks like regression, classification, and vectorization. It shows how to represent data, perform operations on multi-dimensional arrays, implement linear classification models, and visualize classification results. The goal is to demonstrate how a few lines of MATLAB code can be used to implement simple machine learning algorithms and apply them to real-world problems like spam filtering.

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    This document discusses machine learning in MATLAB. It covers using MATLAB for basic machine learning tasks like regression, classification, and vectorization. It shows how to represent data, perform operations on multi-dimensional arrays, implement linear classification models, and visualize classification results. The goal is to demonstrate how a few lines of MATLAB code can be used to implement simple machine learning algorithms and apply them to real-world problems like spam filtering.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    15 views10 pages

    Sns College of Technology: Department of Civil Engineering

    Uploaded by

    SANDHYA B
    This document discusses machine learning in MATLAB. It covers using MATLAB for basic machine learning tasks like regression, classification, and vectorization. It shows how to represent data, perform operations on multi-dimensional arrays, implement linear classification models, and visualize classification results. The goal is to demonstrate how a few lines of MATLAB code can be used to implement simple machine learning algorithms and apply them to real-world problems like spam filtering.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

    AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION
    Approved by AICTE New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University Chennai
    Accredited by NBA & Accredited by NAAC with “A+” Grade, Recognized by UGC
    COIMBATORE

    DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

    MACHINE LEARNING FOR CIVIL ENGINEERS

    II YEAR / IV SEMESTER

    Unit 5 : Softwares in Machine Learning


    Topic 1 : Machine Learning in MATLAB

    11/16/2023 Machine Learning in MATLAB/ MLCE/ /Sathya S / AP / CIVIL/ SNSCT 1/10


    Objective

    • Get the size of an object with ’size’. Takes an optional argument


    to specify the dimension (without, it returns an array with the
    sizes of all dimensions). Example:
    A = [1 2 3
    4 5 6]
    size(A,1) = 2
    size(A,2) = 3
    size(A) = [2 3]

    • Use ’...’ to let commands span several lines.


    • Clear memory by deleting some unused variables using ’clear
    variable-name’
    • ’who’ and ’whos’ show the variables in the workspace.
    • Use ’drawnow’ to draw now (flush the event queue) ...
    2
    • Use ’save’ to save the current workspace. ’load’ to get it back.

    11/16/2023 Machine Learning in MATLAB/ MLCE/ /Sathya S / AP / CIVIL/ SNSC 2/10


    ) Use ’repmat’ to build new matrices from smaller ones.
    Example:
    x = [1;2]
    repmat(x,1,3) = [1 11
    2 2 2]
    repmat(x,2,2) = [1 1
    2 2
    1 1
    2 2]

    ) Used mostly to ’vectorize’ things (more in a


    moment...)

    11/16/2023 Machine Learning in MATLAB/ MLCE/ /Sathya S / AP / CIVIL/ SNSC 3/10


    Representing Data

    ) We are often dealing with lots of data, and normally that data is given in the
    form of real-vectors. If not, we can often massage it accordingly... (performing
    feature extraction).
    ) It is convenient to use matrices to store data, for example by stacking the
    vectors column-wise:

    X = (x1x2 . . . xN )

    ) To display up to 3-d data given in this form, you could use


    scatter(X(1,:),X(2,:)) % display 2-d dataset
    scatter3(X(1,:),X(2,:),X(3,:)) % display 3-d dataset

    11/16/2023 Machine Learning in MATLAB/ MLCE/ /Sathya S / AP / CIVIL/ SNSC 4/10


    High Dimensions

    ) We can index arrays linearly (regardless of the number of dimensions).


    Example: If A=[1 2;3 4], then A(3) = 3.
    ) Summarizing operations, such as ’sum’, ’mean’, etc. can be applied to arrays of
    any dimension (not just vectors). Use an additional argument to specify over
    which dimension to perform the operation. Example: If A = [1 2 ;3 4], then
    sum(A,1) = [4 6]
    sum(A,2) = [3
    7]

    ) Many operations on vectors and matrices extend to objects with more than 1 or
    2 dimensions. Example: Construct a random 5 × 5 × 5-array with
    ’randn(5,5,5)’.

    11/16/2023 Machine Learning in MATLAB/ MLCE/ /Sathya S / AP / CIVIL/ SNSC 5/10


    Vectorizing
    ) Applying the linear function to data-points stacked column-wise in a matrix X is
    simply Y = wT X .
    In MATLAB:
    Y = w’*X;
    ) In MATLAB writing stuff in matrix form can be faster than using loops. Referred to as
    ’vectorization’.
    ) Another example. Suppose you want to mean center a set of vectors stored in X . Instead
    of
    m = mean(X,2);
    for i = 1 : size(X,2) X ( : , i i ) = X ( : , i i ) - m;
    end

    we could write:
    X = X - repmat(mean(X,2),1,size(X,2));

    11/16/2023 Machine Learning in MATLAB/ MLCE/ /Sathya S / AP / CIVIL/ SNSC 6/10


    Linear Classification

    Classification: We are given some data with associated class-labels,


    and want to learn the underlying function, that maps inputs to
    labels.
    ) Examples: Spam filtering, face recognition, intrusion detection,
    ... and many many many more.
    ) For now we consider only binary problems (2 classes). Most ideas
    can be quite easily extended to more than 2.
    ) Again, we will use a linear model. In particular:
    f (x) = sgn(wT x)
    ) This means that we try to separate classes using a hyper-plane.

    11/16/2023 Machine Learning in MATLAB/ MLCE/ /Sathya S / AP / CIVIL/ SNSC 7/10


    ) Again we can use MATLAB to visualize what’s going on:
    X = [randn(3,200)-ones(3,200)*1.8 . . .
    randn(3,200)+ones(3,200)*1.8]; %produce some inputs Y =
    [zeros(1,200), ones(1,200)]; %produce some labels
    scatter3(X(1,:),X(2,:),X(3,:), 80, Y, ’ f i l l e d ’ ) ;

    ) How well does some random w do on the training set?


    w = randn(3,1); Y_random = sign(w’*X);
    scatter3(X(1,:),X(2,:),X(3,:),80,Y_random, ’ f i l l e d ’ ) ; hold
    on;
    plot3([0 w(1)], [0 w(2)], [0 w(3)], ’ k ’ ) ; %show w hold off;
    sum(Y_random~=Y)/200 %error rate

    11/16/2023 Machine Learning in MATLAB/ MLCE/ /Sathya S / AP / CIVIL/ SNSC 8/10


    Conclusion

    ) A lot of machine learning is based on the simple ’neuron’:


    wT x
    ) We have looked at basic regression and classification.
    ) Usually a few lines in MATLAB.
    ) A couple of things were oversimplified here. For example, in
    practice we would adapt the learning rate in gradient descent,
    add an extra input-dimension for the bias, etc.
    ) Can be easily applied to real data: E.g. Spam, ...

    11/16/2023 Machine Learning in MATLAB/ MLCE/ /Sathya S / AP / CIVIL/ SNSC 9/10


    Thank You!!

    11/16/2023 Machine Learning in MATLAB/ MLCE/ /Sathya S / AP / CIVIL/ SNSC 10/10

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