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    barna ghosh
    The document outlines the differences between 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G technologies. It discusses standalone and non-standalone implementations of 5G networks. Standalone uses dedicated 5G equipment and virtualized core network functions, while non-standalone uses existing 4G infrastructure. The benefits of standalone include full 5G capabilities and flexibility, while non-standalone allows for faster rollout but is more limited.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Outlines

    Uploaded by

    barna ghosh
    11 views19 pages
    The document outlines the differences between 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G technologies. It discusses standalone and non-standalone implementations of 5G networks. Standalone uses dedicated 5G equipment and virtualized core network functions, while non-standalone uses existing 4G infrastructure. The benefits of standalone include full 5G capabilities and flexibility, while non-standalone allows for faster rollout but is more limited.

    Original Title

    5G

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    The document outlines the differences between 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G technologies. It discusses standalone and non-standalone implementations of 5G networks. Standalone uses dedicated 5G equipment and virtualized core network functions, while non-standalone uses existing 4G infrastructure. The benefits of standalone include full 5G capabilities and flexibility, while non-standalone allows for faster rollout but is more limited.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    11 views19 pages

    Outlines

    Uploaded by

    barna ghosh
    The document outlines the differences between 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G technologies. It discusses standalone and non-standalone implementations of 5G networks. Standalone uses dedicated 5G equipment and virtualized core network functions, while non-standalone uses existing 4G infrastructure. The benefits of standalone include full 5G capabilities and flexibility, while non-standalone allows for faster rollout but is more limited.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Outlines

    • Name of BS in different technologies


    • Generalized network diagram
    • Differences between 2G, 3G, 4G/LTE and 5G
    • Standalone & non-standalone implementation
    • Pros and cons of the implementations
    • Benefits of Standalone & non-standalone
    implementation
    BS names in different technologies

    Generation Radio Technology Base Station Name


    BTS (Base
    2G GSM
    Transceiver Station)
    3G UMTS NodeB (NB)
    4G LTE eNB, Evolved NodeB
    5G NR gNB
    Logical diagram of a mobile communication
    A generalized view of various technologies
    2G, 3G and 4G/LTE Technology
    Evolved packet Core (EPC)
    Evolved packet Core (EPC)
    • The EPC was introduced by 3GPP in Release 8. The EPC comprises four
    core elements. The core includes the Serving Gateway (SGW), the
    PDN Gateway (PGW), the Mobility Management Entity (MME) and
    the Charging Rules Function (PCRF).

    • User equipment (UE) connects to the EPC through eNodeB base


    stations. The SGW manages User Plane (UP) data, while the MME
    handles Control Plane (CP) functions.. The PGW connects the EPC to
    external IP networks.
    vEPC (Virtual Evolved Packet Core)
    • A Virtual Evolved Packet Core (vEPC) is a framework for mobile
    networks' voice and data processing and switching that is
    implemented by Network Functions Virtualization (NFV), which
    virtualizes the functions of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC).

    • The vEPC framework has been in use for 4G LTE mobile networks and
    will also form a key part of upcoming 5G network architecture.
    5G implementation: standalone & non-standalone
    Use cases of 5G: eMB, mMTC and uRLLC
    5G : Standalone Implementation
    • 5G network with dedicated
    equipment and network
    functions,
    • 5G radios coupled with cloud-
    native, service-based core
    network functions
    • These network functions are
    completely virtualised and
    cloud-native
    5G : Standalone Implementation
    Pros and Cons of standalone
    Pros:
    • Full 5G capabilities available (eMBB, URLLC, MMC)
    • New features, functionality and services enabled (e.g. network
    slicing)
    • More flexible architecture and dynamic linking of network
    functions
    Cons:
    • Higher level of investment required
    • Organisational training required for 5G core and service
    operation
    5G: Non-standalone Implementation

    • 5G network supported by 4G core


    infrastructure
    • 5G radios coupled with LTE
    Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
    • Network functions running on
    dedicated appliances, in some
    cases
    Pros and Cons of non-standalone
    Pros:
    • Faster roll out – can act as stepping stone as part of the
    transition to SA deployment
    • Maximise utilisation of existing network assets
    • Lower level of investment required
    Cons:
    • Less flexible architecture
    • Limited incremental 5G functionality
    Benefits of NSA 5G

    • Reduced costs. MNOs can build out a 5G network on top of their existing
    4G infrastructure instead of investing in a new, costly 5G core.
    • Easy deployment. NSA networks use 4G infrastructure with which MNOs
    are already familiar, simplifying both the configuration and updating
    processes.
    • Fast rollout. MNOs can release an operational 5G network quicker with
    NSA by using current 4G infrastructure.
    • Pathway to SA 5G. MNOs configured NSA 5G networks as a foundation
    while SA networks developed. As SA networks roll out, carriers can
    replace outdated 4G network elements with 5G infrastructure to
    manage their existing 5G networks.
    Benefits of SA 5G
    • Reduced power consumption. Because SA doesn't need to operate
    with 4G LTE, it uses only one method of cellular connectivity and uses
    less power to support a network.

    • Supports more 5G use cases. Unlike NSA, SA can deliver essential 5G


    services -- such as improving latency and increasing bandwidth caps --
    to power ultrafast, scalable networks.

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