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    Porosity and Permeability: Prepared by

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    Saroo Music
    1. The document discusses porosity and permeability, which are important properties of reservoir rocks. Porosity refers to the void spaces within a rock that can hold fluids, while permeability describes how easily a fluid can flow through the porous rock. 2. There are two main types of porosity - primary porosity formed during deposition and secondary porosity developed after. Porosity can be affected by various factors like sorting, packing, cementation, pressure, and fractures. 3. Permeability describes the ability of fluids to flow through the interconnected pores in a rock. There are three types of permeability - absolute, effective, and relative. Darcy's law provides a formula to calculate permeability based on factors like flow rate

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    Porosity and Permeability: Prepared by

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    22 views23 pages
    1. The document discusses porosity and permeability, which are important properties of reservoir rocks. Porosity refers to the void spaces within a rock that can hold fluids, while permeability describes how easily a fluid can flow through the porous rock. 2. There are two main types of porosity - primary porosity formed during deposition and secondary porosity developed after. Porosity can be affected by various factors like sorting, packing, cementation, pressure, and fractures. 3. Permeability describes the ability of fluids to flow through the interconnected pores in a rock. There are three types of permeability - absolute, effective, and relative. Darcy's law provides a formula to calculate permeability based on factors like flow rate

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    1. The document discusses porosity and permeability, which are important properties of reservoir rocks. Porosity refers to the void spaces within a rock that can hold fluids, while permeability describes how easily a fluid can flow through the porous rock. 2. There are two main types of porosity - primary porosity formed during deposition and secondary porosity developed after. Porosity can be affected by various factors like sorting, packing, cementation, pressure, and fractures. 3. Permeability describes the ability of fluids to flow through the interconnected pores in a rock. There are three types of permeability - absolute, effective, and relative. Darcy's law provides a formula to calculate permeability based on factors like flow rate

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    22 views23 pages

    Porosity and Permeability: Prepared by

    Uploaded by

    Saroo Music
    1. The document discusses porosity and permeability, which are important properties of reservoir rocks. Porosity refers to the void spaces within a rock that can hold fluids, while permeability describes how easily a fluid can flow through the porous rock. 2. There are two main types of porosity - primary porosity formed during deposition and secondary porosity developed after. Porosity can be affected by various factors like sorting, packing, cementation, pressure, and fractures. 3. Permeability describes the ability of fluids to flow through the interconnected pores in a rock. There are three types of permeability - absolute, effective, and relative. Darcy's law provides a formula to calculate permeability based on factors like flow rate

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    Porosity & Permeability Grope E

    University
    of Zakho

    Porosity and Permeability

    Prepared by :

    1. Ahmad Haji Supervised by:


    2. Sarmand Sulieman Mr. Shkar
    3. Bahzad Nayef
    Porosity & Permeability List of Content
    No Subjects Page
    1 Introduction to porosity 3-5
    2 Types of porosity 6-8

    3 Porous rocks 9

    4 Some factors affecting 10-16


    porosity
    5 Introduction to permeability 17
    6 Types of permeability 18-19
    7 Darcy Equation 20-21

    8 Reference 22
    EOR Group E1
    Porosity Introduction

    What is reservoir rock?


     Reservoir rocks are rocks that have the ability to
    store fluids inside their pores, so that the fluids
    (water, oil, and gas) can be accumulated.

     Source rocks are rocks that contain sufficient


    organic material to create hydrocarbons when
    subjected to heat and pressure over time. Source
    rocks are usually shales or limestones
    (sedimentary rocks).
     Cap rocks are relatively impermeable rocks layers
    that seal the top of reservoirs and other geologic
    formations
    EOR Ahmed Haji
    Porosity Introduction
    Petroleum trapc
    A. Structural traps

    Anticlinal trap Fault trap

    EOR Ahmed Haji


    Porosity Introduction
    Petroleum trapc
    B .Stratigraphic trap

    Salt dome trap

    EOR Ahmed Haji


    porosity Types of porosity

    There is two types of porosity :

     Primary porosity : porosity that occurred


    at the time of rock deposition .

    EOR Ahmed Haji


    porosity Types of porosity

     Secondary porosity :porosity developed after


    deposition .

    EOR Ahmed Haji


    porosity Types of porosity

    • They are further subdivided into :

    1. Total porosity
    2. fracture porosity
    3. Micro porosity
    4. vugular porosity
    5. Intragranular porosity

    EOR Ahmed Haji


    porosity Porous rocks

    Shale Lime stone Sand stone

    EOR Ahmed Haji


    Porosity Types of Porosity
    Porosity can be classified into
    • Effective porosity: is the ratio of the
    connected pore volume to the bulk
    volume.

    • Absolute porosity: is the ratio of all voids


    in the rock to the bulk volume of the
    rock.

    EOR Sarmand Sulieman


    Porosity

    Some factors affecting porosity:


    a) Primary factors
    1. Sorting
    2. Particle packing

    b) secondary factors
    3. Cementing materials
    4. Overburden pressure (compaction)
    5. Vugs, dissolution, and fractures

    EOR Sarmand Sulieman


    Porosity Primary factors

    1. Sorting
    - If all particles are the same size, they are sorted.
    Well sorted = particles all of the same size.
    - If the particles are different sizes, they are unsorted (poorly sorted)

    EOR Sarmand Sulieman


    Porosity Primary factors

    2. particle packing
    Different packing will lead to different porosities.

     cubic packing has the highest porosity


    (47.6%)

    EOR Sarmand Sulieman


    Porosity Secondary factors

    1. Cementing materials
    Groundwater moves between the grains and leaves behind mineral
    deposits, bonding the grains to each other.

    EOR Sarmand Sulieman


    Porosity Secondary factors

    2. Overburden pressure (compaction)


    The weight of new layers can squeeze older sediments tightly together.
    The process that presses sediments together is compaction.
    negative effect on porosity.

    EOR Sarmand Sulieman


    Porosity Secondary factors

    3. Vugs, dissolution, and fractures

    Dissolution is when the minerals dissolve over time


    Vugs are large pores formed by dissolution.
    Fracture is a break in a rock formation.

    these will increase the porosity of a rock

    EOR Sarmand Sulieman


    Permeability Introduction
     What is Permeability ?

    Permeability is a property of a porous


    material that determines how easily fluid
    flows through the interconnected voids of
    that material (Rocks/sand).

     Units

    Units of area open pore space in the section  The common units of
    that faces or is perpendicular to the direction permeability is DARCY
    of flow. (darcy)

    EOR Bahzad Nayef


    Permeability

     k is a very important rock property


    because it controls the directional
    movement and the flow rate of the
    reservoir fluids in the formation.

     There are 3 types of permeability:

    • Absolute
    • Effective
    • Relative

    EOR Bahzad Nayef


    Permeability types of permeability
     Absolute Permeability:
    If the porous medium is completely saturated with a
    single fluid.

     Effective Permeability:
    when the medium is saturated with more than one fluid
    (Ko, Kw, Kg).

     Relative permeability:
    (Kr) is defined as the ratio of effective permeability to
    absolute permeability of a porous medium.
    EOR Bahzad Nayef
    Permeability Darcy
     Darcy Equation :
    q=
    • q= Flow rate
    • k= Absolute Permeability
    • P= Pressure
    • = Viscosity
    • L= Distance
    • A= Cross-sectional

    EOR Bahzad Nayef


    Permeability Darcy
     Darcy Equation for the permeability :

    𝒒𝝁 𝑳
    𝒌=
    𝑨( 𝑷 𝟏 − 𝑷 𝟐 )

    Parameter Darcy Units Oilfield Units


     Different units when
    q( Flow rate ) or
    Dealing with Permeability
    k( Permeability )

    L( Distance )

    A( Area )

    P( Pressure )

    EOR Bahzad Nayef


    Porosity & Permeability Reference
    • https://www.geomore.com/porosity-and-permeability-2/

    • https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/naturally-fractured-reservoir
    • https://www.open.edu/openlearn/nature-environment/environmental-studies/gr
    oundwater/content-section-5
    • https://connect.spe.org/blogs/donatien-ishimwe/2014/09/29/reservoir-rock-pro
    perties
    • https://books.gw-project.org/hydrogeologic-properties-of-earth-materials-and-
    principles-of-groundwater-flow/chapter/primary-and-secondary-porosity/

    EOR
    Porosity & Permeability

    EOR

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