BIODIVERSITY

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY

GROUP 1

BIODIVERSITY
AND ITS ELEMENTS

DECEMBER, 2022
TABLE OF
CONTENT

BIODIVERSIT
Y
SPECIES DIVERSITY

GENETIC
DIVERSITY
ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY
definition –
BIODIVERSITY
• Refers to the enormous variety of life on the planet.
• It includes plants, microbes, animals, and humans.
• Describes the change of life from genes to ecosystems, comprising their existences, genetic variations, their
environment, populations.
• Traditionally, there are three levels of biodiversity: species diversity, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity.
 SPECIES DIVERSITY
DEFINITION
• Species diversity is the number of species
in a particular area and their relative
abundance.
• It is a group of genetically similar
organisms that can interbreed and produce
fertile offspring is called a species.
• A species arises through the process called
speciation – whereas speciation happens
when geographical barriers separate
animals of the same kind or when their
habitat is divergent.
SPECIES DIVERSITY
IMPORTANCE
In an ecosystem, all the species depend on
each other directly or indirectly. So to
make a more efficient, productive and
sustainable ecosystem, it is important to
maintain high species diversity.

More diverse ecosystem tends to be more

productive.
 SPECIES DIVERSITY
Diversity is greatest when all the species present are equally abundant in the
area. There are two constituents of species diversity:

SPECIES RICHNESS SPECIES EVENNESS

The variety of species that are present The relative population density of
in an environment. Due to the each of those species. A species is
favorable habitat for a large number considered to have high evenness if
of species, tropical locations have the number of individuals is largely
higher species richness. constant throughout communities, and
poor evenness if the number of
individuals varies from species to
species.
 SPECIES DIVERSITY

A more diverse ecosystem tends to be

The more diverse the ecosystem,
more productive. E.g., the ecosystem
the greater the ability to withstand More incredible species richness
with a great variety of producer species
environmental stresses like and productivity make an
will produce large biomass to support a
drought or invasive infestations. ecosystem more sustainable and
greater variety of consumer species.
stable.

In a healthy ecosystem, a diverse and balanced number of species exist to maintain the balance of an ecosystem. In an
ecosystem, all the species depend on each other directly or indirectly. So to make a more efficient, productive and
sustainable ecosystem, it is important to maintain high species diversity
 GENETIC DIVERSITY
DEFINITION
• Genetic diversity is the sum total of
genetic information, contained in the genes
of individuals of plants, animals and
microorganisms that inhabit the earth.
• Genetic Diversity refers to the range of
different inherited traits within a species.
In a species with high genetic diversity,
there would be many individuals with a
wide variety of different traits.
• Genetic diversity within a species often
increases with environmental variability.
GENETIC DIVERSITY
IMPORTANCE
• Keeping genetic variety high helps animals
adapt to new conditions and prevents
inbreeding. A species' chances of survival
and reproduction can be diminished by
inbreeding, which is more likely to occur in
isolated, tiny groups.
• It enables a population to adapt to its
environment and to respond to natural
selection.
• Any species need it to maintain
reproductive vitality and disease resistance
and adapt to changing conditions.
 GENETIC DIVERSITY

Conservation of Genetic Diversity Cases of Loss of Genetic Diversity

Genes which get lost might be having many benefits, so Populations of species ranging from rock
it is important to conserve diversity for human well- wallabies and bandicoots to lizards, snails
being and to protect a species from getting extinct. and endangered birds as well as Grevilleas
In cases of drought or a sudden outbreak of disease when and banksias have lost genetic variation
the whole crop is destroyed, it is possible to grow through drift processes.
genetically diverse and disease-resistant species by
conserving diversity.
 ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY
• An ecosystem is a self-sustaining
collection of organisms and their
physical environment
• The diversity of an ecosystem is a
measure of the number of species
living there and how common each
species is.
ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY
DEFINITION
• It is the variety of different habitats,
communities and ecological processes.
• Natural sciences like ecology and
geography define it as a geographic area
where organisms, weather, and landscape
work together to form a “bubble of life.”
• It is made up of two inseparable
components: the biotic and abiotic
components.
ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY
The 2 Inseparable Components: Biotic and
Abiotic Components

BIOTIC ABIOTIC
Biotic factors are living things Abiotics are non-living
within an ecosystem; such as components; such as water, soil
plants, animals, and bacteria. and atmosphere. The way these
components interact is critical in
an ecosystem.
 ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY
Diversity is greatest when all the species present are equally abundant in the
area. There are two constituents of species diversity:

VARIETY OF HABITATS
1. Terrestrial Habitat
• a habitat found predominantly on land. This includes natural
forms, such as forests, deserts, mountains, and grasslands.

2. Aquatic Habitat
• includes habitats around the world dominated by water. It is divided
into two main groups based on their salinity—freshwater habitats
and marine habitats.

3. Artificial Habitat
• An artificial habitat is a man-made system, which can be further
classified as terrestrial, freshwater, or marine. Artificial ecosystems
are built for conservation purposes, aesthetics, and studying
biology and ecology.
 ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY
Diversity is greatest when all the species present are equally abundant in the
area. There are two constituents of species diversity:

BIOTIC COMMUNITIES
There are two main types of community:
• Major Community - is the smallest ecological unit capable of self-sufficiency and
self-regulation.
• Minor Community - are smaller ecological units that are not self-sustaining and rely
on interactions with other communities.

CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNITY
• Tropic Organization - Each organism in a community can be classified into a specific trophic level based on
how it obtains nutrition.
• Dominance - At each trophic level, one or two species typically have a stronger influence on the function
and structure of the community than others.
• Interdependence - Communities are not just a random collection of plants, animals, and microbes; each
organism within a community is fundamentally dependent on at least one other, though most organisms will
interact with multiple others.
ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES
Ecological processes, as a whole, produce organic matter, transfer carbon and
nutrients, drive soil formation, and allow organisms to reproduce. The extent,
distribution, and biodiversity of systems are influenced by ecological processes
such as primary production.

STRESSORS
• Many pesticides, industrial chemicals, pollutants, and waste products can disrupt
species reproduction, one of the most important ecological processes
• Land use changes that alter the extent and distribution of ecological systems can
have a direct impact on ecological processes in specific areas, often causing
changes in primary production, nutrient cycling, erosion, and sediment transport.
 GROUP 1 MEMBERS

Aggabao, Ysabelle Beatrize Gaffud, Ed Zyrah

Agustin, Phoebe Dominga Maramag, Keith Jasmine
Alcos, Kenht Justine Mateo, Jeric
Anguluan, Joseph Adrian Orolfo, Jana Mia
Baggayan, Steven Khris Pagud, Christine Angela
Balawag, Kris Danielle Rimbiosa, John Carl
Delos Reyes, Sydney Angel Timosa, Edwin Brix
BIODIVERSITY AND ITS ELEMENTS

SPECIES
DIVERSITY

GROUP 1 STS
BIODIVERSITY AND ITS ELEMENTS

GENETIC
DIVERSITY

GROUP 1 STS
BIODIVERSITY AND ITS ELEMENTS

ECOSYSTEM
DIVERSITY

GROUP 1 STS