Clay

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3c-13 Kyaw
CLAY
Clay is a soft, freely bound, fine grained natural rock or earthy
material having diameter less than 0.005 mm and composed
essentially of clay particles. Based on the standard definition of
mineral, clays are mainly inorganic materials except peat, muck,
some soils, etc. that contain huge amount of organic/natural
materials. Clay is not a single mineral, but a number of minerals.
DIFFeRENCE BETWEEN CLAY AND
MUD
Clay is (geology) a particle less than 39 microns in diameter,
following the wentworth scale while mud is (geology) a particle less
than 625 microns in diameter , following the wentworth scale.
WHERE DOES CLAY COME FROM?
Most clay minerals form where rocks are in contact with water , air ,
or steam .Examples of these situations include weathering boulders
on a hillside , sediments on sea or lake bottoms , deeply buried sediments
containing pore water , and rocks in contact with water
heated by magma (molten rock).
Composition
Composition of Clay = Al2Si2O5(OH)4.
Clay is a type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay
minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates)
Specific gravity and Hardness
Specific gravity of most clay minerals are within
the range from 2 to 3.3. Their hardness generally
falls below 2.5. Refractive indices of clay
minerals generally fall within a relatively narrow
range from 1.47 to 1.68.
TYPES OF CLAY
1. EARTHENWARE-the most commonly found clay in nature and is the raw materials usually used to make
most of the pottery in the
World.
2. STONEWARE-clays are named this because when fired they have the characteristics of stone , which is a
hard , dense surface sometimes with a variegated grayish brown color.
3. PORCELAIN-the product of different techniques of many early Chinese pottery workers . Its main
ingredients is kaolin , also known as china clay.
BALL CLAYS
Ball clays are fine-grained, highly plastic clays , which are principally used in the
manufacture of ceramic whiteware and sanitaryware where they are appreciated for
their plasticity , unfired strength and their light color on firing . Ball clays Major
producers are Germany , US , United Kingdom, the Czech Republic ,China and France.
COLOUR
Clays that are tan, brown or brick in color contain iron oxide (terra
cotta and stoneware) as the coloring agent. Clays that lack iron oxide are
gray to white in color (porcelain). Note that another difference in clays
is texture. Clays vary in particle size, and some are much coarser than
others.
Streak = White
Fracture = It is a model made in various forms.
Occurrence
Clay is found almost everywhere in the world. It is formed by the
action of wind and water on rocks over thousands of years. The rocks
change in both chemical and physical ways.
WHERE WAS CLAY FIRST USED?
The earliest recorded evidence of clay usage dates back to the late Palaeolithic
period in central and western Europe, where fired and unfired clay figurines were
created as a form of artistic expression. The use of clay in pottery making antedates
recorded human history, and pottery remains provide a record of past civilizations. As
building materials, bricks (baked) have been used in construction since earliest time.
Pottery fragments found in a south China cave have been confirmed to be 20,000
years old, making them the oldest known pottery in the world ,archeologists say.
USAGE OF CLAY
Clays are used for making pottery, both utilitarian and decorative, and
construction products, such as bricks, walls, and floor tiles. Different types
of clay, when used with different minerals and firing conditions, are used to
produce earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain. Clay is also used in many
industrial processes, such as paper making , cement production and chemical
filtering.
USES OF CLAY IN MYANMAR
For centuries , the rich red clay of the shores of the Irrawaddy River has
provided the potters in Myanmar with a good basic to produce their
wares , including the ubiquitous water pots and the little candle pots
used at the pagodas and temple all over the country. An impressive thing
is that the Burmese built pagodas with clay bricks. You can find many
clay brick pagodas in Bagan.
. CLOSER TO NATURE THE CLAY HOUSE
STAY
CLAY BRICK
BRICK MANUFACTURING
• Preparation of Clay.
• Moulding
• Drying
• Burning
Mix soil and water into a thick mud. Add some sand , then mix the straw, grass , grass or
pine needles. Pour the mixtures into your molds. Bake bricks in sunshine for five days or so.
WHAT TEMPERATURE CAN CLAY WITHSTAND?
High-grade fire clay can withstand temperatures of 1,775 C (3,227F),But to be
referred to as a “fire clay” the material must withstand a minimum temperature of 1,515
*C (2,759 *F).
IS CLAY BRICK STRONGER THAN
CONCRETE?
Brick strength –Comparably clay bricks have a compressive strength
two and a half to three times higher than concrete bricks. Meaning clay
bricks can withstand eight to twelve thousand pounds while concrete
generally can only face to four thousand pounds.
AVANTAGES OF CLAY
1.Durable-clay building materials are robust ,stable and , as a result , especially durable ; their lifespan
is more than 100 year .Brick buildings , Which have lasted for centuries , can be discovered all around
the world .Buildings made of clay tiles and bricks are weather-resistant earthquake-proof and fire-
resistant.
2.Ease of use
3.Energy efficiency
4.Enviromentally friendly
5.Dimesional accuracy
DVADISANTAGES OF CLAY
• Hold onto water , slow to drain.
• Slow to warm in the spring .
• Compacts easily.
• Tends to be alkaline
When exposed to increments of water , clay tends to soften and liquefy. Clay often causes
difficulties in construction with its low strength and stiffness. This has caused serious problems in
geotechnical engineering because weak soil may cause damage to the foundation of buildings and
cracks along the road pavement.
Another CLAY IS
KYAY
ZUU
TIN
PAR
TAL
BYAR

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