Introduction

CEB 8131 PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE
Code No: CEB 8131

Name: PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE
Number of Credits: 3
Sub enabling Outcomes:
• Ability to identify road defects and its causes
• Ability to carry out maintenance of roads, road structures
and airport runways
• Identify resources for repair and maintenance of
pavement (road, runway, et.c)
Pre-requisite Module:
CEH 7320 Highway Materials
CEH 7426 Pavement design and construction
Learning Contexts
This Module will be taught through lectures,
tutorials, assignments, and site visits.
Contents
• Identify road defects: Maintenance and
management
• Maintenance Techniques
• Maintenance of unpaved roads
• Paved roads: maintenance of highway
structures, road furniture’s and airfield
• Rehabilitation.
References:
• The United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of
Works (1999). Pavement and material design
manual. Alkopsi, As, Odo Norway.
Integrated method of Assessment:

• Test, assignments and examination.
• Continuous assessment 40%
• Semester Examination 60%
INTRODUCTION
• Definition of terms used in road maintenance.

• Road network
• Road administration and other stake holders
• Importance of roads and road maintenance
Definition of terms used in road maintenance.
• Road Maintenance is one of the important
components of the entire road system. The
maintenance operations involve the assessment of
road condition, diagnosis of the problem and
adopting the most appropriate steps.
• Maintenance activities may be classified in terms of
their operational frequency into:
- Routine maintenance
- Periodic Maintenance
- Urgent Maintenance
Routine maintenance
Maintenance which should be done continually on
every type of road e.g. culvert maintenance, tree
pruning, maintenance of shoulders, etc.
Periodic Maintenance
Is the type of maintenance which is being done at
interval of time e.g. Resealing, Regravelling, etc.
Urgent Maintenance
This type of maintenance deals with emergencies and
problems causing for immediate action when the
road is blocked e.g. removal of debris, fallen trees
removal of accident and erecting of road signs
Upgrading
Upgrading aims specifically at providing additional
capacity when a road is nearing the end of its design
life, or when there has been an unforeseen change in
the use of the road.
Rehabilitation
The rehabilitation works involve reconstruction of
pavements and application of an overlay of 50-
millimetre thick hot rolled asphaltic wearing course.
They also involve the reconstruction of drainage
systems, kerbs and pedestrian walkways.
Rehabilitation is needed when:

- The road has outdated its design life
- The road was not built to the standards or
quality required by original design
- The road has received insufficient
maintenance
Road Network and road administration
• Tanzania has estimated total road network length of 85,000 km.
• The Ministry of Infrastructure Development (MOID) through
TANROADS is responsible for administration and management of
trunk roads and regional roads network
• The length of the road network under the jurisdiction (authority or
control) of MOID is 28,892 km of which trunk roads amounts to
9,934 km and regional roads amounts to 18,958 km.
• The urban, district and feeder roads with a total length of 56,625
km are under jurisdiction of the prime minister’s office – Regional
Administration and Local Government (PMO-RALG)
• The total trunk and regional road network that is in good and fair
condition ( which means maintainable) is about 22,648.7 km or
78.4%.
• The road network that is under the responsibility of PMO-RALG,
the amount that is in good and fair condition i.e. maintainable
condition is 31,241 km, i.e. 55.2%
• Only 5,042 km of Tanzania’s total road
network is paved which works out to 5.9% of
the total road network.
• The inaccessibility, especially in the rural
areas, makes travel cumbersome and
expensive
Tables 1 and 2 show the lengths of the different
classes of roads and their conditions.
Table 1: condition of Trunk and regional Roads (June 2007)
Road Type Good Fair Poor Total
Trunk
Paved 2,739.64 (70%) 9000.17 (23%) 273.96 (7%) 3,913.77 (100%)
Unpaved 1,926.58 (32%) 2,492.51 (41%) 1,589.43 (26%) 6,020.56 (100%)
Sub-total 6,666.22(47%) 3,392.68 (34%) 1,863.39 (19%) 9,934.33 (100%)
Regional Roads
Paved 278.33 (85%) 40.93 (13%) 6.55 (2%) 327.45(100%)
Unpaved 7,079.38 (38%) 7,191.16 (39%) 4.284.89 (23%) 18,629.94 (100%)
Sub-total 7,357.71 (39%) 7,232.09 (38%) 4,291.44 (23%) 18,957.39(100%)
Total 12,023.93 (42%) 10,624.77 6,154.83 (21%) 28,891.72 (100)

(37%)
Table 2: condition of LG roads (LG-RICS, November 2006)
Road Good Fair Condition Poor condition Bad Condition Total (km)
Type condition
km % km % km % km %
District 4,723 16.0 13,944 47.2 8,187 27.7 2,682 9.1 29,536
roads
Feeder 2,100 9.9 7,334 34.6 8,395 39.6 3,362 15.9 21,191
roads
Urban 1,084 18.4 2,056 34.9 2,101 35.6 657 11.1 5,898
roads
Total 7,907 14.0 23,334 41.2 18,683 33 6.701 11.8 11.856,625
Purpose of Road Maintenance
Road maintenance is the major activity in managing roads.
Road maintenance;
• Reduces the rate of pavement deterioration (Reduction of
the level of future maintenance and rehabilitation costs)
• It lowers the cost of operating vehicles on the highway by
providing a smooth running surface
• It keeps the highway open on a continuous basis by
preventing it from becoming impassable
• It enhances the environment of the highway itself and of
the immediate surroundings
• It enhances safety
Key Factors Contributing to the Maintenance problem
1. Increase in network sizes
Maintenance traditionally funded from national budget
and Construction often funded using development
or external funds
2. Shorter design lives
Due to the shorter design lives, the required intensity
of road maintenance has increased
3. Traffic Growth and Overloading
A further major factor has been the high rates of traffic
growth and damage caused by overloading of
vehicles
4. Shortage of Funds
Key Factors Contributing to the Maintenance problem
5. Organizational Inefficiency
- Insufficient definition of responsibilitie
- Low Incentives
- Ineffective supervision
- Poor utilization of labour force
- Poor attitudes
- Low availability of equipment
- Lack of resources
6. Quality of design, construction and maintenance
7. Lack of a Culture of Maintenance

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CEB 8131 PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE

Code No: CEB 8131

Integrated method of Assessment:

• Definition of terms used in road maintenance.

Rehabilitation is needed when:

Total 12,023.93 (42%) 10,624.77 6,154.83 (21%) 28,891.72 (100)

Table 2: condition of LG roads (LG-RICS, November 2006)

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