Acute Pancreatitis Rep
Acute Pancreatitis Rep
Acute Pancreatitis Rep
PANCREATITIS
Presented by: Group 6
What is Pancreatitis?
The pancreas produces juices that helps the body
digest food and it produces insulin that regulates
blood sugars
inflammation of the pancreas.
Has 2 types : Acute and Chronic
Symptoms:
Pain in the upper belly.
Pain in the upper belly that radiates to the back.
Tenderness when touching the belly.
Fever.
Rapid pulse.
Upset stomach.
Symptoms:
mild to severe abdominal pain.
Patients with acute pancreatitis also have elevated
pancreatic enzymes, which show up in blood and
urine tests. Other symptoms include:
Nausea and vomiting
Respiratory failure
Confusion
Mild jaundice
Risk Factors:
Excessive alcohol use. Research shows that having
four or five drinks a day increases the riskof
pancreatitis.
Cigarette smoking. Compared with nonsmokers,
smokers are on average three times more likely to
develop chronic pancreatitis. Quitting smoking can
decrease the risk.
Obesity. People with a body mass index of 30 or
higher are at increased risk of pancreatitis.
Risk Factors:
Diabetes. Having diabetes increases the risk of
pancreatitis.
Family history of pancreatitis. A number of genes
have been linked to chronic pancreatitis.
A family history of the disease is linked to an
increased risk, especially when combined with other
risk factors.
Complications:
Pancreatitis can cause serious complications, including:
Kidney failure. Acute pancreatitis may result in the
kidneys not filtering waste from the blood. Artificial
filtering, called dialysis, may be needed for short-term or
long-term treatment.
Breathing problems. Acute pancreatitis can cause changes
in how the lungs work, causing the level of oxygen in the
blood to fall to dangerously low levels.
Infection. Acute pancreatitis can make the pancreas
vulnerable to infections. Pancreatic infections are serious
and require intensive treatment, such as surgery or other
procedures to remove the infected tissue.
Complications:
Pseudocyst. Acute and chronic pancreatitis can cause fluid
and debris to collect in a "pocket" in the pancreas, called a
pseudocyst. A large pseudocyst that ruptures can cause
complications such as internal bleeding and infection.
Malnutrition. With both acute and chronic pancreatitis,
the pancreas may not produce enough enzymes for the
digestive system. This can lead to malnutrition, diarrhea
and weight loss.
Diabetes. Diabetes can develop when chronic pancreatitis
damages cells that produce insulin
Pancreatic cancer.
Diagnostics:
Imaging Scans
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
(ERCP)
ERCP with Sphincter of Oddi Manometry
Imaging Scans:
Ultrasound
Computed tomography (CT) scan
ERCP
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
(ERCP)
- endoscopic technique that allows for visualization
of the bile and pancreatic ducts. During this
procedure, a special side-viewing endoscope is
inserted into the duodenum. This endoscope, called
a duodenoscopy, is specially designed to ease
placement of endoscopic accessories into the bile and
pancreatic ducts.
ERCP with Sphincter of Oddi
Manometry
The sphincter of Oddi is a muscle that controls the
flow of bile and pancreatic juices. Sphincter of Oddi
manometry is a diagnostic procedure that allows
your doctor to determine whether the sphincter is
opening and closing normally pancreas
Nursing Interventions:
The client should avoid oral intake to inhibit pancreatic
stimulation and secretion of pancreatic
enzymes.
Total parenteral nutrition is administered to assist with
metabolic stress.
Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.
Assess fluid and electrolyte status (e.g. skin turgor, mucous
membranes, intake and output);
and provide replacement therapy as indicated. Promote
adequate nutrition.
Assess nutritional status; monitor glucose levels; monitor IV
therapy, provide a high- carbohydrate, low-protein, low-fat
diet when tolerate; and instruct the client to avoid spicy foods.
Nursing Interventions:
Maintain optimal respiratory status.
Place the client in semi-Fowler’s position to decrease
pressure on the diaphragm.
Teach the client coughing and deep-breathing
techniques. Institute measures to prevent
complications of immobility, such as impaired skin
integrity, constipation, and deep vein thrombosis.
Monitor for complications, which may include fluid
and electrolyte disturbances, pancreatic necrosis,
shock, and multiple organ failure.
Nursing Interventions:
Administer prescribed medications, which may
include opioid or nonopioid analgesics, histamine
receptor antagonists, and proton-pump inhibitors.
Maintain patent nasogastric suctioning to relieve
nausea and vomiting, decrease painful abdominal
distention, and remove hydrochloric.
Precautionary Measures:
Limit Alcohol Consumption
- Chronic alcohol abuse is a leading cause of acute
pancreatitis. Therefore, one of the most effective ways
to prevent pancreatitis is to limit or completely abstain
from alcohol. It's essential to recognize and address
alcohol-related issues and seek help when needed.
Alcohol moderation or abstinence can significantly
reduce the risk.
Precautionary Measures:
Maintain a Healthy Diet
- Diet plays a critical role in pancreatitis prevention. A
diet that is low in saturated fats and cholesterol and
high in fiber can help reduce the risk of developing
gallstones, a common cause of pancreatitis. Incorporate
a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean
proteins into your diet to promote overall digestive
health.
Precautionary Measures:
Manage Underlying Conditions: - Some medical
conditions can increase the risk of pancreatitis. These
conditions may include hypertriglyceridemia and
gallstones. If you have these conditions, it's crucial to
work closely with your healthcare provider to
manage and monitor them effectively. This may
involve medications, dietary changes, or even
surgical interventions.
Precautionary Measures:
Weight Management
- Maintaining a healthy weight is essential for overall
health and can also help reduce the risk of pancreatitis.
Obesity is a risk factor for gallstone formation, which,
in turn, can lead to pancreatitis. Engaging in regular
physical activity and making healthy food choices can
helpwith weight management.
Precautionary Measures:
Medication Management:
- Certain medications have been associated with an
increased risk of acute pancreatitis. It's essential for
healthcare providers and patients to be aware of these
potential side effects. Patients should communicate any
concerns about their medications with their healthcare
provider and explore alternatives if necessary.
Precautionary Measures:
Genetic Counseling
-In some cases, genetic factors can predispose
individuals to pancreatitis. If you have a family history
of pancreatitis or related conditions, consider genetic
counseling. Understanding your genetic risk can help
you and your healthcare provider make informed
decisions regarding your health and preventive
measures.
Precautionary Measures:
Maintain Good Hygiene:
- Infections, particularly viral infections, can lead to
pancreatitis. Practicing good hygiene, such as regular
handwashing and vaccination, can reduce the risk of
infections that could potentially trigger the condition.
Precautionary Measures:
Prompt Management of Gallstones
- As mentioned earlier, gallstones are a common cause
of pancreatitis. If you have gallstones or are at risk of
developing them, it's crucial to work with your
healthcare provider to determine the best course of
action. In some cases, gallbladder removal
(cholecystectomy) may be recommended to prevent
gallstone-related pancreatitis.
Precautionary Measures:
Avoid Triggering Factors
- If you have a history of pancreatitis or are at a high
risk, avoid known triggering factors. This includes
abstaining from alcohol, managing stress, and
following dietary recommendations provided by your
healthcare provider.