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    Cognitive Perspective Gestalt Psychology

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    Ronan Emprese
    Gestalt psychology was a foundational theory in cognitive psychology that opposed behaviorism's external focus. It emphasized how people actively perceive and organize sensory information according to principles like proximity, similarity, closure, and past experiences. Notable Gestalt psychologists like Wertheimer, Koffka, and Kohler studied how these principles guided perception and concluded that learning involves restructuring information rather than passive reception. Their work influenced theories of insight learning, where learning occurs through reorganization rather than reinforcement. Later, Lewin contributed the idea that inner motivations and outer social forces shape an individual's "life space" and thus their learning. Gestalt psychology emphasized experience, autonomy, and meaningful learning rather than just knowledge accumulation.

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    Cognitive Perspective Gestalt Psychology

    Uploaded by

    Ronan Emprese
    84 views22 pages
    Gestalt psychology was a foundational theory in cognitive psychology that opposed behaviorism's external focus. It emphasized how people actively perceive and organize sensory information according to principles like proximity, similarity, closure, and past experiences. Notable Gestalt psychologists like Wertheimer, Koffka, and Kohler studied how these principles guided perception and concluded that learning involves restructuring information rather than passive reception. Their work influenced theories of insight learning, where learning occurs through reorganization rather than reinforcement. Later, Lewin contributed the idea that inner motivations and outer social forces shape an individual's "life space" and thus their learning. Gestalt psychology emphasized experience, autonomy, and meaningful learning rather than just knowledge accumulation.

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    310998848-Cognitive-Perspective-Gestalt-Psychology

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    Gestalt psychology was a foundational theory in cognitive psychology that opposed behaviorism's external focus. It emphasized how people actively perceive and organize sensory information according to principles like proximity, similarity, closure, and past experiences. Notable Gestalt psychologists like Wertheimer, Koffka, and Kohler studied how these principles guided perception and concluded that learning involves restructuring information rather than passive reception. Their work influenced theories of insight learning, where learning occurs through reorganization rather than reinforcement. Later, Lewin contributed the idea that inner motivations and outer social forces shape an individual's "life space" and thus their learning. Gestalt psychology emphasized experience, autonomy, and meaningful learning rather than just knowledge accumulation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    84 views22 pages

    Cognitive Perspective Gestalt Psychology

    Uploaded by

    Ronan Emprese
    Gestalt psychology was a foundational theory in cognitive psychology that opposed behaviorism's external focus. It emphasized how people actively perceive and organize sensory information according to principles like proximity, similarity, closure, and past experiences. Notable Gestalt psychologists like Wertheimer, Koffka, and Kohler studied how these principles guided perception and concluded that learning involves restructuring information rather than passive reception. Their work influenced theories of insight learning, where learning occurs through reorganization rather than reinforcement. Later, Lewin contributed the idea that inner motivations and outer social forces shape an individual's "life space" and thus their learning. Gestalt psychology emphasized experience, autonomy, and meaningful learning rather than just knowledge accumulation.

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    Cognitive

    Perspective:Gestalt
    Psychology
    Introduction
    Gestalt Psychology was at the
    forefront of the cognitive psychology.
    It served as the foundation of the
    cognitive perspective to learning, It
    opposed the external and mechanistic
    focus of behaviorism. It considered the
    mental processes and products of
    perception.
    GESTALT
    PSYCHOLOGY

    Gestalt Principles Insight Learning Lifespan (Lewin)

    Law of Proximity
    Inner Forces

    Law of Closure
    Outer Forces
    Law of Good
    Continuation

    Law of Good
    Pragnanz

    Law of
    Figure/Ground
    Is there a
    possibility
    of "you"
    and
    "me"toget
    her?
    Do you get the “optical” and the “illusion”?
    Do you sense good or evil?
    Gestalt Theory
    was the initial cognitive response to behaviorism. It emphasizes the importance of sensory wholes
    Psychologist, Max Wertheimer, Kurt
    Koffka, and Wolfgang Kohler studied perception
    and concluded that learners were not passive, but
    rather active. They suggested that learners do not
    just collect information as is but they actively
    process and restructure data in order to understand
    it. This is the perceptual process.
    Certain factors impact on this perceptual
    process. Factors like past experiences, needs,
    attitudes and one's present situation can affect his
    perception.

    According to gestalt psychologists, the way


    we form our perceptions are guided by certain
    principles or laws. These principles or laws
    determine what we see or make of things or
    situation we meet.
    Gestalt Principles
    1. Law of proximity
    Elements that are closer
    together will be
    perceived as a coherent
    object. When objects we
    are perceiving are near
    to each other , we
    perceive them as
    belonging together.
    3. Law of Closure
    We tend to fill
    the gaps or "close " the
    figures we perceived.
    We enclosed a space
    by completing a
    contour and ignoring
    gaps.
    2. Law of Similarity
    Elements that look
    similar will be perceived
    as part of the same
    form. We link similar
    elements together.
    4. Law of Good
    Continuation
    Individuals have
    the tendency to
    continue contours
    whenever the elements
    of the pattern establish
    an implied direction.
    People tend to draw a
    good continuous line.
    5. Law of Good Pragnanz
    The stimulus will be organized into as a good
    figure as possible . Based on our experiences with
    perception, we "expect" certain patterns and
    therefore perceived that expected pattern.
    6.Law of Figure/Ground
    We tend to pay attention and perceive things
    in the foreground first. A stimulus will be
    perceived as separate from its ground.
    Insight Learning
    Gestalt psychology adheres the to the idea of learning
    taking place by discovery or insight. The idea of insight
    learning was first developed by Wolfgang Kohler in which he
    described experiments with apes.
    In each of the problems, the important
    aspects of learning was not reinforcement, but the
    coordination of thinking to create new
    organizations (of materials ). Kohler referred to
    this behavior as insight or discovery learning.
    His theory suggested that learning could occur
    when individual perceived the relationships of the
    elements before him an reorganizes these
    elements and comes to a greater understanding or
    insight. This could occur without reinforcement ,
    and once it occurs, no review, training or
    investigation necessary. Significantly , insight is
    not necessarily observable by another person.
    Gestalt Principles and the
    Teaching -Learning Process
    f

    Psychologist Kurt Lewin, on his


    theory on " life space" adhered to
    gestalt psychology . He said that an
    individual has inner and outer forces
    that affect his perceptions and also his
    learning. Inner forces include his own
    motivation , attitudes and feelings.
    Outer forces may include the attitude
    and behavior of the teacher and the
    classmates . All of these forces interact
    and impact on the person's learning.
    Mario Polito an Italian psychologist writes about
    the relevance of gestalt psychology to education.

    • Gestalt focuses on the experiences of here and now.


    • it considers with interest the life space of teachers as well as students.
    • It stimulates learning as experience and experience as a source of
    learning.
    • It appreciates affections and meaning that we attribute to what we
    learn.
    • Knowledge is conceive as a continuous organization and arrangement
    of information according to needs, purposes, and meanings.
    • It asserts that learning is not accumulation but remodeling or insight.
    • Autonony and freedom of the student is assimulated by the teacher.
    • The contact experience between the teachers and the students is given
    value: an authentic meeting based on sharing ideas and affections.
    Presented by:
    RONAN M. EMPRESE BEED II-D
    REFERENCE

    https://
    www.scribd.com/presentation/310998848/Cognitive-Perspective-
    Gestalt-Psychology

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