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From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Image: Compound microscope objectives, T. Port
 Eukaryotic Cell
Structure &
Function

Images: Animal cell & Plant cell, M. Ruiz From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
 Q: What are the two basic types of cells?
________________
________________ Bersel satu
• Single-celled.
Direproduksi dengan pembelahan
• Reproduce by binary fission biner (salinan lain dengan
(another copy by dividing). membagi).

• No cell nucleus or any other Tidak ada inti sel atau organel
membrane-bound organelles. terikat membran lainnya. DNA
DNA travels openly around the bergerak secara terbuka di sekitar
cell.
sel.

• All bacteria are prokaryotes. Semua bakteri adalah prokariota.

________________ ________________
• Eu = “true”; karyon = “nucleus” Eu = "benar"; karyon = "inti"

• Most organisms that we can see, Kebanyakan organisme yang bisa

such as trees, grass, worms, kita lihat, seperti pohon, rumput,
flies, mice, humans, mushrooms cacing, lalat, tikus, manusia, jamur
and yeast are eukaryotes. dan ragi adalah eukariota.

• Can either be single-celled or Bisa bersel satu atau bersel

multi-celled. banyak.

• Can reproduce in one of several Dapat bereproduksi dalam salah

ways (Ex. meiosis, mitosis). satu dari beberapa cara (mis.
Meiosis, mitosis).
• Have cell nucleus within
containing its DNA. Memiliki inti sel dalam DNA-nya.

• Nucleus most evident distinction Perbedaan nukleus paling jelas

between these cell types. antara jenis sel ini.

Images: Prokaryotic Cell, Eukaryotic cell , M. Ruiz From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
 Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Image: Phylogenetic Tree, Eric Gaba, NASA Astrobiology Institute.
 Eukaryotic __________
• Like prokaryotes, and all living Seperti prokariota, dan semua
things, genome is made of makhluk hidup, genom terbuat
DNA. dari DNA.

Dapat mencakup beberapa dari

banyak kromosom linier di dalam
• May include several to many nucleus terikat membran.
linear chromosomes within a
membrane-bound nucleus. T: Berapa banyak kromosom
yang kita miliki?

• Q: How many chromosomes do we Replikasi (duplikasi DNA

have? sebelum pembelahan sel) terjadi
pada semua makhluk hidup.
• Replication (duplication of Dua lokasi DNA eukariotik
DNA prior to cell division) DNA nukleus
occurs in all living things. DNA ekstranuklear

• Two locations of eukaryotic

DNA
– Nuclear DNA
– Extranuclear DNA

Image: Spectral karyotype, Jane Ades, NHGRI From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.co
 CYTOPLASM
Nickname: The Matrix
Nickname: Matrix
Function: "molecular
chowder" Fungsi: "chowder molekuler"
in which the organelles are di mana organelnya berada
suspended. tergantung.

• Inside the plasma membrane, Di dalam membran plasma,

the nucleus is surrounded by nukleus dikelilingi oleh sitoplasma.
cytoplasm.
Zat seperti air yang mengisi sel.
• A water-like substance that
fills cells.
Terdiri dari _________ dan
__________ ________, kecuali
• Consists of _________ and
__________ ________, untuk inti sel.
except for the cell nucleus.
Sitosol terdiri dari air, garam,
• Cytosol is made up of water, molekul organik dan banyak enzim
salts, organic molecules and yang mengkatalisis reaksi.
many enzymes that catalyze
reactions.
T: Eukariota? Prokariota? Kedua?

Q: Eukaryotes? Prokaryotes?
Both?

From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Image: Eukaryotic Cell Diagram, M. Ruiz
 CYTOSKELETON
Nickname: Scaffolding & Nickname: Perancah & Jalan Raya
Highways
Fungsi: Beberapa

Functions: Multiple Menjaga sel _________.

Melindungi sel.
• Maintains cell _________.
Memungkinkan beberapa sel
• Protects the cell. ________ (menggunakan struktur
seperti flagela dan silia).
• Enables some cell ________
(using structures such as flagella
and cilia).
Memainkan peran penting dalam
transportasi intra-seluler (pergerakan
• Plays important roles in intra- vesikula dan organel).
cellular transport (the movement
of vesicles and organelles).
Memainkan peran penting dalam
• Plays important role in cellular seluler ___________.
___________.

T: Eukariota? Prokariota? Kedua?

Q: Eukaryotes? Prokaryotes?
Both?

Images: Fluoresced Eukaryotic Cell, NIH. From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
 Network of protein fibers running throughout the cytoplasm Jaringan serat protein berjalan di seluruh sitoplasma
yang memberi sel bentuknya dan memberikan dasar
that give a cell its shape & provide a basis for movement.
pergerakan.

1. Micro__________ 1. Micro__________
Two intertwined strands of actin protein. Dua jalinan protein aktin terjalin.

2. ____________ Filamen
2. ____________ Filaments Protein berserat supercoiled ke kabel tebal.
Fibrous proteins supercoiled into thick cables.
3. Micro____________
Tabung berongga tubulin
3. Micro____________ Bentuk sel, gerakan sel, gerakan kromosom selama
• Hollow tubes of tubulin pembagian
• Cell shape, cell movement, chromosome movement "Jalan Raya" dimana organelnya melakukan
during division perjalanan dan disampaikan.
• “Highways” along which the organelles travel and are Mikrotubulus bisa bekerja sendiri, atau bergabung
conveyed. dengan protein lain untuk membentuk lebih kompleks
• Microtubules may work alone, or join with other struktur yang disebut silia, flagela atau sentriol.
proteins to form more complex
structures called cilia, flagella or centrioles.

CYTOSKELETON
Microfilaments,
Intermediate Filaments
& Microtubule

From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Image: Source Unknown
 CYTOSKELETON: Centrioles & Centrosomes
The ____________, also called the "microtubule organizing center", is an area in
the cell where microtubles are produced.

Within the cells of animals are a pair of ___________, made of nine sets of
triplet microtubules.

The ____________, juga disebut "pusat pengorganisasian mikrotubulus", adalah area di sel
tempat mikrotubles diproduksi.

Di dalam sel hewan adalah sepasang ___________, terbuat dari sembilan set mikrotubulus triplet.

Microtubules > Centriole > Centrosome

Images: Centriole Cross-section & Centriole-3D, Twooars;

From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Micrograph of Centrioles, Christos Chinopoulos
 _______ & __________
• External appendages from
cell membrane. • Pelengkap eksternal dari
membran sel.
• Aid in locomotion of the
cell or movement of • Membantu pergerakan
materials near cell. sel atau pergerakan bahan
di dekat sel.
• Motility > coordinated
sliding movements of • Motilitas> gerakan geser
microtubules.
mikrotubulus terkoordinasi.
• Both
• Baik Prokariota &
Prokaryotes & Eukaryot
es Eukariota dapat memiliki
can have external pelengkap eksternal,
appendages, but are namun dibangun secara
constructed berbeda.
differently.

• Eukaryotes may have • Eukariota mungkin

flagella or cilia memiliki flagela atau silia
(components of (komponen sitoskeleton
cytoskeleton covered ditutupi dengan membran
with plasma membrane). plasma).
• Prokaryotes may have • Prokariota mungkin
flagella, endoflagella,
fimbiae or pili mengandung flagella,
(composed of endoflagella, fimbiae atau
protenaceous molecules pili (terdiri dari molekul
and not covered with protesa dan tidak ditutupi
plasma membrane).
dengan membran plasma).

Images: Cilia of the lung trachea epithilium, Charles Daghlian,

Cilum Diagram & Flagellum Diagram, M. Ruiz; Sperm & Egg, Wiki From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
 Ribosomes

Click here for T: Apa yang mereka

animation of lakukan?
 Q: What do they do?
ribosome building a
protein.  Q: What are they made
T: Apa yang mereka of?
buat?

 Can be found alone in

Dapat ditemukan sendiri the cytoplasm, in groups
di sitoplasma, dalam called polyribosomes, or
kelompok yang disebut attached to the
polyribosomes, atau endoplasmic reticulum.
melekat pada retikulum
endoplasma.
 Q: Eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes? Both?
T: Eukariota? Prokariota?
Kedua?

Images: Ribosome translating protein, animation,

From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Xvazquez; Ribosome Structure, Vossman
 Membrane-bound Organelles

 Eukaryotic
cells have many Sel eukariotik
organelles. memiliki banyak
organel.
 Prokaryotes
only have
ribosomes, Prokariota hanya
which are not memiliki ribosom,
bound by a yang tidak terikat
membrane. oleh membran.

 Membrane- Organel
bound
eukariotik yang
eukaryotic
organelles
terikat membran
organize mengatur fungsi
functions di dalam sel.
within the cell.

From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Image: Eukaryotic Cell Diagram, M. Ruiz
 System of internal membranes within eukaryotic cells that divide the cell into compartments, or organelles.

Transport system, for moving molecules through interior of cell, as well as interactive surfaces for lipid and
protein synthesis.

Membranes of the endomembrane system are made of a lipid bilayer, with proteins.
The Endomembrane System
consists of:
Sistem membran internal dalam sel eukariotik yang membagi sel menjadi kompartemen, atau organel.

Sistem transportasi, untuk memindahkan molekul melalui interior sel, serta permukaan interaktif untuk sintesis lipid dan protein.

Membran sistem endomembran terbuat dari lapisan ganda lipid, dengan protein.

Sistem Endomembrane
terdiri dari:

1. ________
2. __________ ________
3. ______ _______
4. __________
5. __________
6. _________ ___________

From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Image: Endomembrane system diagram, M. Ruiz
 ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM ORGANELLES:
Nucleus
Nickname: Control Nickname: Control
Center Center

Function: Separates Fungsi: Memisahkan

the genetic bahan genetik (DNA)
material (DNA) from dari sel lainnya.
the rest of the cell.
DNA, bahan genetik,
• DNA, the genetic adalah cetak biru, atau
material, is a kode untuk pembuatan
blueprint, or code protein.
for making proteins.
_________
• _________ _________
_________ adalah struktur
is the double membrane membran ganda yang
structure that memisahkan nukleus
separates nucleus dari sitoplasma.
from cytoplasm.

Images: Endomembrane system

From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com diagram,& Nucleus diagram, M. Ruiz
 ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM ORGANELLES:
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Nickname: Nickname:
Production Factory Production Factory (makes
(makes proteins and lipids) proteins and lipids)
Function: Internal Function: Internal
production & delivery production & delivery system
system of the cell. of the cell.
•System of membranous channels System of membranous
and vesicles.
channels and vesicles.
•________ is studded with
ribosomes. Site of protein ________ is studded with
synthesis and processing. ribosomes. Site of protein
synthesis and processing.
•________ lacks ribosomes. Site
of synthesis of phospholipids and
packaging of proteins into ________ lacks ribosomes.
vesicles. Site of synthesis of
phospholipids and
packaging of proteins into
vesicles.

Images: Endomembrane system diagram, M.

From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Ruiz, ER photomicrograph, Louisa Howard.
 ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM ORGANELLES :
_________ ___________
Nickname:
Assembly Factory
Functions:
•Takes simple molecules and puts
them together into more complex
macromolecules.

•Packages, modifies, and

transports materials to different
location inside/outside of the cell.
Appearance: Stack of pancakes.

• Consists of a stack of curved saccules.

• Receives protein and also lipid-filled

vesicles from the ER, packages,
processes, and distributes them within
the cell or for export out of the cell
(secretion).
• Also encloses digestive enzymes into
membranes to form lysosomes.

Images: Endomembrane system diagram, M. Ruiz, Golgi

From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com apparatus photomicrograph, Louisa Howard.
 ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM ORGANELLES:
_____________
Nickname: The Trucks

Function: Store,
transport, or digest
cellular products and
waste.

•Small compartments separated

from the cytosol by at least one lipid
bilayer.

•Made in Golgi apparatus, ER, or

from parts of the plasma membrane.

•Vesicles form while taking in

(____________) or discharging
(____________) materials.

From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Image: Endomembrane system diagram, M. Ruiz
 ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM ORGANELLES:
_______________

Nickname: Recycling
Trucks

Function: Breaks down

food into particles and to
destroys old cellular
components.

•Q: Which organelle produces

lysosomes?

•Contain hydrolytic enzymes and

are involved in intracellular
digestion.

Images: Endomembrane system diagram, M. Ruiz,

Lysosome action diagram, Encyclopedia of Science From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
 ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM ORGANELLES:
____________ _____________
• Q: What is it made of?

• Q: What is its function?

Image: Endomembrane system diagram, M.

Ruiz Cell Membrane diagram, Wiki From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
 Endomembrane System

Let’s watch an
animation on
endocytosis & exoc
ytosis
!

Image: Endocytosis / Exocytosis, Nicolle Rager Fuller From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
 We hope that you enjoyed
your trip through the
endomembrane system!

Have a
nice day!

Endomembrane System
1. Nuclear envelope
2. Endoplasmic reticulum
3. Golgi apparatus
4. Vesicles
5. Lysozomes
6. Plasma Membrane

Image: Endomembrane system, M. Ruiz From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
 Organelles: Energy-Related

______________ Found in
nearly all
& eukaryotes
______________

•Both organelles house

energy in the form of ATP.

•Both ancestrally were Found in

independent cells that plants &
formed a symbiotic algae &
relationship with other
some
cells.
microbes

Images: Mitochondrion diagram

From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com M. Ruiz; Chloroplast diagram, Wiki
 ENERGY-RELATED ORGANELLES:
Mitochondria

Nickname: The Powerhouse

Function: Energy formation

Breaks down food to make ATP

ATP is the major fuel for all cell

activities that require energy

• Bound by a double membrane surrounding fluid-filled

matrix.

• The inner membranes of mitochondria are __________.

• The __________ contains enzymes that break down

carbohydrates and the cristae house protein complexes
that produce ATP.

Images: Mitochondrion diagram M. Ruiz;

From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Mitochondria photomicrograph, Louisa Howard
 Now let’s learn •
about
additional
structures
found in
PLANT Cells

From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Images: All images by T. Port
 ENERGY-RELATED ORGANELLES:
Chloroplasts

Nickname: Solar
Panels

Function: Captures
Sunlight Energy &
Makes ATP

___________ (a green
pigment) absorbs solar
energy and carbohydrates
are made in the stroma.

Images: Plant cells with chloroplasts, Kristian

From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Peters, Chloroplast diagram, Wiki
 PLANT CELL: _____________
Section 7-2

Nickname: Reservoir
Please
water
Function: Stores water
me!
• This is what makes
lettuce crisp.

• When there is no
water, the plant wilts.

Images: Osmosis Plant Cell, M. Ruiz;

From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Other Images Source Unknown
 PLANT CELLS: ______ __________

Function: Provides
support and protection
to the cell membrane

Found outside the cell

membrane in plant cells

From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Images: Plant cell, M. Ruiz
 Animal Cell (Eukaryote)

From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Images: Animal cell diagram , M. Ruiz
 Plant Cell (Eukaryote)

From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Image: Plant cell diagram, M. Ruiz
 Confused?
Here are some links to fun resources that further
explain Cell Biology:
• Eukaryotic Cells Main Page on the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom of
Science Prof Online.
• Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic: Two Types of Biological Cells,
an article from SPO.

• Eukaryotic Cell: Structures, Functions & Diagrams, an

article from SPO.
• “Cells” music video by They Might Be Giants.
• Cells Alive interactive website.
• “Golgi Apparatus” song by Phish
• Cell Structure tutorials and quizzes from Interactive Concepts in
Biochemistry.

• Eukaryotic Cell Tour an Animated Science Tutorial.

• Endomembrane System animation and quiz.

• “The Cell Song” lyrics by The Cell Squad, Freedom Middle School, Nashville, TN.
• Endocytosis / Exocytosis animation and quiz from McGraw Hill.
• Evolution of the Three Domains Animated Science Tutorial.
• Biology4Kids – Cell Biology Main Page by Raders.
(You must be in PPT slideshow view to click on links.)

From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com

 See the ScienceProfOnline Virtual Cell Biology

Assignment Classroom: Eukaryotic Cells lecture for a

printable Word .doc of this assignment.

 At the end of some lectures, I will

give you some type of in-class
assignment or homework to
evaluate your understanding of
today’s topic.

 This assignment will always be

open-book.

 Today you may be completing an

activity on the topic of Eukaryotic
Cell Structure & the
Endomembrane System.

Image: Endomembrane system, M. Ruiz From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
 Are you feeling blinded by science?

Do yourself a favor. Use the…

Virtual Cell Biology

Classroom (VCBC) !
The VCBC is full of resources to help you succeed,
including:
• practice test questions
• review questions
• study guides and learning objectives
• PowerPoints on other topics

You can access the VCBC by going to the Science Prof Online website
www.ScienceProfOnline.com

Images: Blinded With Science album, Thomas Dolby; Endomembrane system, Mariana Ruiz, Wiki