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Africa

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Physical Geography of Africa

WHERE IN THE WORLD IS AFRICA?


Africa
is
Huge
• Africa is the second largest continent in
the world
• Africa has a population of over 1 billion
people. Only Asia has a higher
population.
• Africa has the most countries of any
continent in the world.
• Africa has the largest dessert in the world.
• Africa is bounded by the Mediterranean
Sea, the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the
Atlantic Ocean. It is divided in half almost
equally by the equator.
CLIMATE
• Africa is the most tropical of all continents. Africa is the only
continent that straddles the equator.
• Rainfall is the most significant climatic factor in Africa.
Temperature is high through the continent because of the
continent’s location relative to Equator. Range of temperature
is quite small and Wind is much less of a feature than in
temperate climates.
Africa has eight
Major Physical Regions
1. Sahara is the worlds largest hot dessert,
covering 8.5 million square kilometers. The
Sahara makes up 25 percent of the
continent.

2. The Sahel is a narrow band of semi-arid


land that forms a transition zone between
the Sahara to the north and the savannas
to the south. The Sahel contains the fertile
delta of the Niger.
3. The Ethiopian Highlands began to rise 75
million years ago, as magma from Earths
mantle uplifted a broad dome of ancient rock.
This highlands are home to 80 percent of
Africas tallest mountains.

4. Savanna, or grasslands, cover almost half


of Africa, more than 13 million square
kilometers.
 Serengeti
5. The Swahili Coast stretches about 1,610
kilometers along the Indian Ocean from
Somalia to Mozambique. The nearby coral
reefs and barrier islands protect the coast
from severe weather.

6. Most of Africas native rain forest has been


destroyed by development, agriculture, and
forestry. Today, 80 percent of Africas rain
forest is concentrated in central Africa, along
the Congo River basin
7. The African Great Lakes are located in nine
countries that surround the Great Rift Valley.
As the African continent separated from Saudi
Arabia, large, deep cracks were created in the
Earth’s surface.

8. Southern Africa is the epicenter of Africas


well known reserves, which protect animal
species.
 Southern Africas Cape Floral Region is one
of the richest areas for plants in the world.
THE GIANT PROTEA

South Africas National Flower


Landforms and Bodies of Water
in Africa
DESSERT
RIVERS
LAKES
ELEVATED LAND
Africa is sometimes
nicknamed the
“Mother Continent”

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