LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• to know the geography and regions of

Africa
• to know the different cultures of Africa
• identify the continent of Africa and its
location on the world map
• to list key landmarks and regions within
the continent Africa
Africa has the most physically varied
populations in the world, from the
tallest peoples to the shortest; body
form and facial and other
morphological features also vary
widely. It is the continent with the
greatest human genetic variation,
reflecting its evolutionary role as the
source of all human DNA
 Table of contents

01 Geography 02 History
You can describe the You can describe the
topic of the section here topic of the section here

03 Research 04 Review
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topic of the section here topic of the section here
The continent occupies total area of
30, 244, 000 km.

Total Population -1,460,481,772

(2022)

Religion- African traditional religion

Christianity and Islam.
Famous Landforms
and
Bodies of Water
Atlas Mountains
This mountain system runs
from southwestern Morocco
along the Mediterranean
coastline to the eastern edge
of Tunisia. Several smaller
ranges are included, namely
the High Atlas, Middle Atlas
and Maritime Atlas. The
highest peak is Mt. Toubkal
in western Morocco at 13,671
ft. (4,167 m).
 The Congo River Basin of

Congo River Basin

central Africa dominates the
landscape of the Democratic
Republic of the Congo and much
of neighboring Congo. In
addition, it stretches into Angola,
Cameroon, the Central African
Republic and Zambia. The fertile
basin is about 1,400,000 sq.
miles (3,600,000 sq. km) in size
and contains almost 20% of the
world's rain forest. The Congo
River is the second longest river
in Africa, and it's network of
rivers, tributaries and streams
help link the people and cities of
the interior.
Ethiopian Highlands The Ethiopian Highlands are a
rugged mass of mountains in
Ethiopia, Eritrea (which is
sometimes referred to as the
Eritrean Highlands), and northern
Somalia in the Horn of Africa. The
Ethiopian Highlands form the
largest continuous area of its
altitude in the whole continent,
with little of its surface falling
below 1500 m (4,921 ft), while the
summits reach heights of up to
4550 m (14,928 ft). It is
sometimes called the Roof of
Africa for its height and large
area.
Great Rift Valley
A dramatic depression on the earth's
surface, approximately 4,000 miles
(6,400 km) in length, extends from the
Red Sea area near Jordan in the
Middle East, south to the African
country of Mozambique. In essence,
it's a series of geological faults
caused by huge volcanic eruptions
centuries back, that subsequently
created what we now call the
Ethiopian Highlands, and a series of
perpendicular cliffs, mountain ridges,
rugged valleys and very deep lakes
along it's entire length. Many of
Africa's highest mountains front the
Rift Valley, including Mount
Kilimanjaro, Mount Kenya and Mount
Margherit
 It's about 100,000 sq. miles
Kalahari Desert (259,000 sq. km) in size and
covers much of Botswana, the
southwestern region of South
Africa and all of western
Namibia. The desert plateau is
criss-crossed by dry rivers beds
and dense scrub. A few small
mountain ranges are situated
here including the Karas and
the Huns. Large herds of wildlife
are found in the Kalahari
Gemsbok National Park, located
in South Africa near its border
with Namibia.
 The Namib is a coastal desert in

Namib Desert southern Africa that stretches for

more than 2,000 km (1,200 mi)
along the Atlantic coasts of Angola,
Namibia, and South Africa,
extending southward from the
Carunjamba River in Angola,
through Namibia and to the Olifants
River in Western Cape, South
Africa. From the Atlantic coast
eastward, the Namib gradually
ascends in elevation, reaching up
to 200 km (120 mi) inland to the foot
of the Great Escarpment. Annual
precipitation ranges from 2 mm
(0.079 in) in the most arid regions
to 200 mm (7.9 in) at the
escarpment, making the Namib the
only true desert in southern Africa.
Mt. Kilimanjaro
The highest point in Africa is
Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania
at 5895 meters high.

Lake Asal

The lowest point is Lake Asal in

Djibouti at 153 meters below sea
level.
The African Great
Lakes are a series of
lakes constituting the part
of the Rift Valley lakes in
and around the East
African Rift. They
include Lake Victoria,
the largest fresh
water lake in Africa and
second largest in the world
by area, Lake Tanganyika,
the world's second largest
freshwater lake by volume
and depth, just next to
Lake Baikal of Siberia,
and Lake Malawi, the
world's eighth-largest fresh
water lake by area.
 The Horn of Africa
(HoA), also known as
the Somali Peninsula, is a large
peninsula and geopolitical
region in East Africa. Located on
the easternmost part of the
African mainland, it is the fourth
largest peninsula in the world. It
is composed of Ethiopia, Eritrea,
Somalia and Djibouti; broader
definitions also include parts or
all of Kenya, Sudan, South
Sudan, and Uganda.
Nile River The longest river in the world
(flows north), rising from the
highlands of southeastern
Africa and running about 4,160
miles (6,693 km) in length, to
then drain in the Mediterranean
Sea. In simple terms it's a
series of dams, rapids, streams,
swamps, tributaries and
waterfalls. Numerous (major)
rivers comprise the overall
system, including the Albert
Nile, Blue Nile, Victoria Nile and
White Nile.
 Covering almost one-third
Sahara Desert of the continent, the Sahara
is the largest desert in the
world at approximately
3,500,000 sq. miles
(9,065,000 sq. km) in total
size. Topography includes
areas of rock-strew plains,
rolling sand dunes and
numerous sand seas. It
ranges in elevation from
100 ft. below sea level, to
peaks in the Ahaggar and
Tibesti mountains that
exceed 11,000 ft. (3,350m).
Natural Resources
oil, coal,
natural gas ,
metals,
stone and
sand.
The continent has 40
percent of the world’s
gold and up to 90
percent of it are
chromium and
platinum. The largest
reserves of cobalt,
diamonds, platinum
and uranium are
found in Africa.
Strange Cultures
1. Stealing each other's wives - Niger In the Wodaabe tribe of Niger in
West Africa, men are known to
steal each other's wives. The
Wodaabe's first marriage is
arranged by their parents in
infancy and must be between
cousins of the same lineage.
However, at the yearly Gerewol
Festival, Wodaabe men wear
elaborate makeup and
costumes and dance to
impress the women – and
hopefully steal a new wife.
Strange Cultures
2. Spitting as a form of greeting - Maasai tribe
The Maasai tribe, found in Kenya and
Tanzania, spit as a way of saying
hello. While the Englishman would
say hello, spitting is a way of greeting.

Asides that, when a baby is born, it is

the custom of the men to spit on the
newborn and refer to him as bad.
They believe this would protect the
baby from evil spirits. Maasai
warriors also spit in their hands
before shaking the hand of an elder.
Furthermore, the Maasai tribe is also
famous for its drinking of fresh
animal blood.
Strange Cultures
3. Festival of the dead - Malawi
The Chewa community is a Bantu
tribe mostly found in Malawi.

During the burial ceremony of a

tribe member, it is customary for
the body of the deceased to be
washed.

The corpse is taken to a sacred

place where the cleansing is done
by slitting the throat and pouring
water through the insides of the
dead.
Strange Cultures
4. Lip stretching - Ethiopia and Sudan
The people of Surma tribe are found
in southern Sudan as well as
southwestern Ethiopia. During
teenage years, females undergo the
lip stretching procedure which
involves removing their lower teeth to
accommodate a lip plate; the lip plate
is increased in size yearly until it is an
astounding size.
Some of the men do this similar
exercise with their ears. They also
indoctrinate their warriors known as
‘stick fighters’ by inflicting scars on
them, the belief is that the more scars
they have, the more attractive they
are to female members of the tribe.
Physical Map of Africa
Political Map of Africa
 Interesting Facts about Africa
BETWEEN 1500-2000 LANGUAGES ARE SPOKEN IN
AFRICA

There are at least 3,000 distinct ethnic groups in Africa and around
2,000 different languages are spoken and each of them has different
dialects. While Arabic is the language that is most widely spoken in
the African continent, followed by English and Swahili, French
respectively.
THE RICHEST MAN EVER IS
AFRICAN
Mansa Musa, or Musa I of Mali
is considered one of the richest
men in history. Musa was the
tenth emperor of the Mali
Empire, one of the prosperous
Sahelian kingdoms that
developed along the Saharan
slave trade routes in the later
medieval period.
THE WORLD’S THEMED
RESORT HOTEL IS
FOUND IN AFRICA
Located in South Africa –
Sun City’s The Paradise
of the lost city
The Palace of the Lost
City is the world’s
biggest themed resort,
located in South Africa.
 AFRICA IS A HOME TO THE
LARGEST WILDLIFE
IMMIGRATION ON EARTH
The Serengeti (Tanzania)
hosts the world’s largest
wildlife migration on Earth
with over 750,000 zebras
marching ahead of 1.2 million
wildebeest as they cross this
amazing landscape
 REGIONS OF AFRICA

African regions are

treated under the
titles Central Africa,
Eastern Africa,
North Africa,
Southern Africa, and
Western Africa.
 NORTHERN
AFRICA
North Africa, region of Africa
comprising the modern countries
of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia,
Libya, Egypt, Sudan, and
Western Sahara.
Capital: Rabat

Nationality: Moroccans

Population: 38,047,991

Climate: Typical Mediterranean climate

Land Area: 710,850 kilometer and a total

MOROCCO
coastline of 1,835km

Location: Absolute Location: 31.7917° N,

7.0926° W Relative Location: Morocco is
located in the northwest corner of Africa and is
bordered by the North Atlantic Ocean and the
Mediterranean Sea.

Government: Parliamentary Constitutional

Monarchy

Languages: Arabic, Moroccan Arabic, and Berber

are the national languages in Morocco

Religion: Sunni Muslim

Currency: The Dirham is the legal tender in

Morocco, made up of 100 units each of them
called Santim.

Geography: Most of Morocco lies at high

elevations, averaging about 2,600 feet above sea
level. National Anthem: The Cherifian Anthem
 Atlas
Mountains
The geologic formations of the
Atlas are rich in minerals. The
Moroccan High Atlas in
particular contains important
deposits. Among these the
most important economically is
phosphate, mined principally in
the Khouribga area. Historically,
the Atlas Mountains have
functioned as a refuge area for
the indigenous Berber peoples,
helping them to preserve their
distinctive languages and
customs. Portions of the
Moroccan Atlas and the Kabylie
in Algeria remain strong
bastions of Berber culture.
Capital: Algiers

Nationality: Algerian

Population: 45,906,090 (2023)

ALGERIA
Climate: Mediterranean climate, with warm, dry
summers and mild, rainy winters.

Land Area: 2,381,741 square kilometres (919,595

sq mi)

Location (Absolute and Relative): 19° and 37°N

latitudes and 9°W and 12°E longitudes & Maghreb
state borders Morocco to the west, Mauritania and
Mali to the southwest, Niger to the southeast, Libya
to the east, Tunisia to the northeast, and has a
short border with Western Sahara to the west.

Government & Head of State: Semi-presidential

Republic & Incumbent Abdelmadjid Tebboune since
19 December 2019

Languages: Algerian Arabic and Berber

Religion: Sunni Muslims

Currency: Algerian Dinar

Geography: Algiers is built on the slopes of the

Sahel Hills, which parallel the Mediterranean Sea
coast, and it extends for some 10 miles (16 km)
along the Bay of Algiers.
National Anthem: "Kassaman", or "Qassaman"
 The Tell Atlas
The Tell Atlas mountain range
separates the narrow coastal plains
along the Mediterranean from the
southern desert. The Atlas Mountains
have had a profound effect on North
Africa's climate, economic resources,
and human history. Separating the
coastal lowlands from the SAHARA
DESERT in the interior, the ranges
prevent the desert heat from reaching
the coast.
Capital: Tunis

Nationality: Tunisian(s)

Population: 12,140,108

Climate: You can expect the combination of

TUNISIA
African and Mediterranean climate.

Land Area: 155, 360 sq. Km in 2021

Location (Absolute and Relative): The Tunisian

Republic is located at the geographic coordinates
of 34°00'N latitude and 9°00'E longitude .Tunisia is
situated between Algeria and Libya, bordering the
Mediterranean Sea. The country shares maritime
borders with Italy.

Government & Head of State: Republic, Unitary

state, and Semi-presidential system.

Languages: Arabic (official) and French; English

and other languages in tourist regions.

Religion: Muslims

Currency: Dinar

Geography: The Republic of Tunisia lies at the

northernmost tip of Africa, a strategic location that
throughout history has made it a crossroads
between Europe and the Middle East.
National Anthem: Ḥumāt al-Ḥimá
HAMMAMET

Thanks to its
beaches, it is a popular
destination for swimming
and water sports and is one
of the primary tourist
destinations in Tunisia. It is
in the south-eastern section
of Cap Bon and is part of the
Nabeul Governorate.
 LIBYA
Capital: Tripoli

Nationality: Dawlat Lībiyā

Population: 7,114,752 (2023)

Climate: dry summers and relatively wet winters.

Land Area: 1,759,540 km² (679,362 mi²)

Location (Absolute and Relative): 26.3351° N,

17.2283° E, The country borders the Mediterranean
Sea to the north, Tunisia and Algeria to the west, Niger
and Chad to the south, and Sudan and Egypt to the
east.

Government & Head of State: Parliamentary system,

and Constitutional Republic, Incumbent Mohamed al-
Menfi

Languages: Arabic

Religion: Sunni Muslims

Currency: Libyan Dinar

Geography: Libya is almost entirely covered by the

Libyan Desert, a flat plateau that's part of the Sahara,
the world's largest hot desert. Libya is so dry that no
permanent rivers flow through its boundaries. Water
may flow beneath the ground and occasionally seep
aboveground into dry streambeds called wadis.

National Anthem: "Allahu Akbar"

 Libyan Desert
The desert represents more
than 90% of the Libyan
territories and is an important
Libyan resource with many
tourist attraction landmarks.
This includes historic arts,
agricultural, urban
constructions and habitations
in oases and desert lakes.
Capital: Cairo

Nationality: Egyptian

Population: 107,396,648 (2023) EGYPT

Climate: dry, hot, and dominated by desert.

Land Area: 1.002 million km²

Location (Absolute and Relative): 26.8206° N,

30.8025° E, northeastern corner of the African
continent bordering the Mediterranean Sea in the
north and the Gulf of Suez, the Gulf of Aqaba,
and the Red Sea in the east.

Government & Head of State: Democratic

Republic, Abdel Fattah El-Sisi

Languages: Arabic

Religion: Sunni Muslims and Christians

Currency: Egyptian Pound

Geography: Ancient Egypt was located in

Northeastern Africa and had four clear
geographic zones: the Delta, the Western Desert,
the Eastern Desert, and the Nile Valley. Each of
these zones had its own natural environment
and its own role within the Egyptian State. National Anthem: "Bilādī, laki ḥubbī wa fuʾādī"
NILE RIVER
Every aspect of life in Egypt
depended on the river – the Nile
provided food and resources,
land for agriculture, a means of
travel, and was critical in the
transportation of materials for
building projects and other
large-scale endeavors. It was a
critical lifeline that literally
brought life to the desert.
 SUDAN
Capital: Khartoum

Nationality: Sudanese

Population: 46,535,088 (2023)

Climate: mean annual temperatures between 26°C and 32°C,

with summer temperatures in the north often exceeding 43°C.

Land Area: 1.886 million km²

Location (Absolute and Relative): 12.8628° N, 30.2176° E,

The country is situated in north-eastern Africa, between Egypt to
the north and Eritrea, bordering the Red Sea in northeast.

Government & Head of State: federal provisional government,

Incumbent Abdel Fattah al-Burhan

Languages: Arabic and English

Religion: Muslim and Christian

Currency: Sudanese pound

Geography: Sudan is mainly composed of vast plains and

plateaus that are drained by the Nile River and its tributaries.
This river system runs from south to north across the entire
length of the east-central part of the country.

National Anthem: "Naḥnu Jund Allāh Jund al-Waṭan"

 PORT SUDAN
Located in one of the
world's most important
maritime passages,
connecting the Indian
Ocean to the
Mediterranean Sea, Port
Sudan is Sudan's
largest port and main
commercial and trade
hub housing critical oil
export terminals.
Capital: Laayoune

WESTERN SAHARA
Nationality: Sahrawis

Population: 635,829 (2023)

Climate: hot desert climate

Land Area: 266,000 km²

Location (Absolute and Relative): 24.2155° N, 12.8858° W,

Western Sahara is located on the northwest coast in West
Africa and on the cusp of North Africa, bordering the North
Atlantic Ocean to the northwest, Morocco proper to the north-
northeast, Algeria to the east-northeast, and Mauritania to the
east and south.

Government & Head of State: Monarchy , Brahim Ghali

Languages: Arabic

Religion: Sunni Muslims

Currency: Moroccan Dirham

Geography: The terrain is mostly low, flat desert with large

areas of rocky or sandy surfaces rising to small mountains in
south and northeast. Elevation extremes: Lowest point: Sebjet
Tah, −55 metres (−180 ft), a depression in the northwest part
of Western Sahara straddling the Morocco border. National Anthem: Ya Bani al-Sahra'
DAKHLA Dakhla's main
economic activity is
fishing and tourism.
In recent years the
town has become a
centre for aquatic
sports, such as
kitesurfing,
windsurfing and surf
casting, and is known
as a centre for water
sports.
 SOUTHERN
AFRICA
Southern Africa, region of
Africa comprising the modern
countries of Botswana,
Lesotho, Namibia, South
Africa, Swaziland.
Capital: Gaborone

Nationality: Tswana

Population: 2,476,169 (2023)

Climate: arid to semi-arid with highly erratic rainfall.

Land area: 581,730 square kilometres (224,610 sq mi)

Location: between longitudes 20 and 30 degrees east of

Greenwich and between the latitudes 18 and 27 degrees
approximately south of the Equator

Government and head of state: Parliamentary republic ,

Mokgweetsi Masisi
Languages: English, Setswana,
Kalanga
Religion: Christianity
Currency: Botswanan Pula
Geography: Botswana is mostly
flat with a few hills, most of its
highest points located along the
south-east section of the country
(the eastern edge of the Kalahari
Basin).
National Anthem: Fatshe Leno la Rona
 Botswana's
Orapa mine is
the largest
diamond mine
in the world in
terms of value
and quantity of
carats
produced
annually.
CAPITAL: Maseru

NATIONALITY: Basotho

POPULATION: 2.281 million(2021)

CLIMATE: Temperature with alpine characteristics

LAND AREA: 30,355 km²

LOCATION (absolute & relative): 29°30'south latitude and

28°30' east longitude

Government & head of state: Constitutional Monarchy The

Prime Minister ,Sam Matekane, is head of government

Languages: Southern Sotho & English

Religion: Christian
Geography:
Currency: Lesotho Loti Mountainous ,
landlocked country
located in Southern
Africa

National Anthem:
Lesotho Fatse La Bontata Rona
Maletsunyane Falls is a
192-metre-high (630 ft)
waterfall in the
Southern African
country Lesotho. It is
located near the town
of Semonkong (Site of
smoke), which also is
named after the falls.
The waterfall is on the
Maletsunyane River
and it falls from a ledge
of Triassic-Jurassic
basalt.
Capital: Windhoek

Nationality: Namibian

Population: 2,661,588 (2023)

Climate: hot and dry with sparse and erratic rainfall

Land area: 824,292 km² (318,260 sq. mi.)

Location: located on the southwestern coast of the continent in the

Southern and Eastern Hemispheres of Earth.

Government and head of state: semi-presidential representative

democratic republic, Hage Geingob

Languages: English , Oshiwambo, Afrikaans

Religion: Christian and Animism

Currency: Namibian Dollar Geography: divided from

west to east into three main
topographic zones: the
coastal Namib desert, the
Central Plateau, and the
Kalahari. The Namib is partly
rocky and partly (in the
central stretch) dunes. National Anthem: Namibia, Land of the Brave
 The Fish River
Canyon , is
located in the
south of Namibia.
It is the largest
canyon in Africa,
as well as the
second most
visited tourist
attraction in
Namibia.
Capital: Cape Town , Pretoria , Bloemfontein
Nationality: South African
Population : 59.39 million (2021)
Climate: Sub-Tropical and Temperate

Land area: 1.22 million km²

Location: Occupies the southern tip of Africa

‘
Government & head of state: parliamentary republic , Cyril
Ramaphosa

Languages: Afrikaans, English, Xhosa, Zulu , Southern Sotho,

Tswana,
Northern Sotho, Tsonga , Venda Swati ,Ndebele

Religion: Christian, Muslim, Hindu, Jewish, or of other faiths

Currency : South African rand (ZAR)

Geography: South Africa's
landscape is made up of high, flat
areas called plateaus. These lands
are covered with rolling grasslands,
called highveld, and tree-dotted
plains called bushveld.
To the east, south, and west of the
plateau lands is a mountainous
region called the Great
Escarpment.
National Anthem: Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika
 Table Mountain is a flat-topped
mountain forming a prominent
landmark overlooking the city of Cape
Town in South Africa. It is a significant
tourist attraction, with many visitors
using the cableway or hiking to the
top.Table Mountain National Park is the
most visited national park in South
Africa, attracting 4.2 million people
every year for various activities. The
mountain has 8,200 plant species, of
which around 80% are fynbos, meaning
fine bush. It forms part of the Table
Mountain National Park, and part of the
lands formerly ranged by Khoe-
speaking clans, such as the !Uriǁʼaes
(the "High Clan"). It is home to a large
array of mostly endemic fauna and
flora.
Capital: Eswatini (Swaziland)

Nationality: Swazi(s).

Population: 1,191,654 (2023)

Climate: warm sub-tropical climate

Land area: 17,363 km²

Location: 26°30′S 31°30′E, eastern slope of the Drakensberg

mountains, embedded between South Africa in the west and
Mozambique in the east.

Government and head of state: absolute monarchy, and King

Mswati III ESWATINI
Geography: Eswatini,
Languages: Swati, English
officially Kingdom of
Religion: Christianity Eswatini, Swati Umbuso
weSwatini, previously
Currency: Swazi Lilangeni
called Kingdom of
Swaziland, landlocked
country in the eastern
flank of South Africa,
where it adjoins National Anthem: Nkulunkulu
Mozambique. Mnikati wetibusiso temaSwati
 Sibebe is a granite
mountain in Eswatini,
located 10 km from
the capital city
Mbabane. It is the
second-largest
monolith in the world
and the largest
exposed granite
pluton, rising 350m
above the valley of
the Mbuluzi River. It is
also known as 'Bald
Rock'.
 CENTRAL
AFRICA
Central African, region of Africa
comprising the modern countries
of Angola, Cameroon, Central
African Republic, Chad, Congo
Republic, Democratic Republic
of Congo, Equatorial Guinea,
Gabon, and Sao Tome Principe.
Capital: Luanda
Nationality: Angolan
Angola
Population: 35,535,442 (2023)
Climate: tropical to subtropical
Land Area: 1,246,700 km² (481,353 mi²)
Location (Absolute and Relative): 11.2027° S,
17.8739° E, Angola is located on the western
Atlantic Coast of Southern Africa between
Namibia and the Republic of the Congo.
Government & Head of State: Multiparty
democracy with an Executive Presidency, João
Lourenço
Languages: Portuguese
Religion: Roman Catholic, Protestants
Currency: Angolan Kwanza
Geography: Angola has three principal natural
regions: the coastal lowland, characterized by
low plains and terraces; hills and mountains,
rising inland from the coast into a great
escarpment; and an area of high plains, called
the high plateau (planalto), which extends
eastward from the escarpment..
National Anthem: "Angola Avante"
 Lobito Port
For many decades, the port was one of
Angola’s busiest, exporting agricultural
produce from the interior and handling
transit trade from the mines of
southeastern Democratic Republic of the
Congo and of Zambia. Lobito’s port
activities were somewhat limited by
disruptions to railway transit during
Angola’s civil war (1975–2002), but the
port rebounded following the end of the
war. In addition to being home to one of
Angola’s primary ports, the city is an
important industrial center and has
manufactures that include small ships,
refined sugar, canned fish, and building
materials.
Capital: Yaoundé
Nationality: Cameroonian
Population: 28,259,573 (2023)
Climate: tropical, semi-arid in the north, and humid and
rainy in the rest of the country.
Land Area: 475,440 km² (183,568 mi²)
Location (Absolute and Relative): 3° 52' N, 11° 31' E &
The country is bounded by Nigeria to the north and west.
The Central African Republic and Chad borders it to the
east and northeast. To the south, it is bordered by the
three countries of Gabon, the Republic of the Congo and
Equatorial Guinea.
Government & Head of State: Republic & Paul Biya
Languages: English and French

Religion: Christian, Animism and

Muslim
Currency: Central African CFA
franc
Geography: Cameroon, in West
Africa, is a mixture of desert
plains in the north, mountains in
the central regions, and tropical
rain forests in the south.
National Anthem: "Chant de Ralliement"
 A top-class seaside town, second to none, with its
beautiful sandy beaches. 7km away from town are the
KRIBI beautiful Lobe Falls, a one-of-a kind beauty. A river that
flows into the sea through cataracts, pygmies' villages
buried in the surrounding forest. Kribi is naturally
referred to as the Cameroonian Riviera.
Capital: BANGUI
Nationality: Central African(s).
Population: (2023 est.) 5,552,000
Climate: A moist savanna climate prevails in the north and an
equatorial forest zone in the south.
Land Areal: 623,000 km2
Location: Absolute Location: 6.6111° N, 20.9394° E
Relative Location: The Central African Republic is roughly the size
of France and is bordered by Chad to the north, Sudan and South
Sudan to the north and east, the Democratic Republic of the Congo
(Kinshasa) and the Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville) to the south,
and Cameroon to the west.
Government Type and Recent Head of the State: REPUBLIC
Faustin-Archange Touadéra
Languages:Baya (Gbaya), Banda, Ngbaka, Sara, Mbum, Kare, and
CENTRAL
Mandjia. French and Sango. AFRICAN
Religion: Christian Geography: The Central African
Republic is a landlocked nation REPUBLIC
within the interior of the African
continent. It is bordered by
Cameroon, Chad, Sudan, South
Sudan, the Democratic Republic
of the Congo and the Republic of
the Congo. Much of the country
consists of flat, or rolling plateau
savanna, about 1,640 feet above National Anthem:
sea level. La Renaissance
 Boali is a town located in
the Central African Republic
prefecture of Ombella-M'Poko.
Boali is located on National Highway
1 (RN1), about 100 km northwest of
the national capital, Bangui. The
road, one of the country's few paved
highways, leads on to Bouar, and
ultimately to Cameroon.
Situated on the Mbali River, Boali
is noted for its waterfalls and for the
nearby hydroelectric works. The
Falls of Boali are 250 m wide and 50
m high, and are a popular tourist
destination.
The two units of the Boali Hydroelectric Power Station, Boali I and Boali II, are located below the falls. They
have a combined generating power of 18.65 megawatts, and are operated by the state-run Central African
Energy (ENERCA). The completion of Boali I in the 1950s spurred several other industrial developments in the
town, including the country's first textile mill, which began operating in 1954.
The Boali hydroelectric works supply power to the capital and 13 other towns
Capital: N'Djamena
Nationality: Chadian
Population: 17,661,428 (2023)
Climate: Seasonal temperatures vary
considerably with temperatures ranging from
20-27°C in the winter and between 27-35°C in
the summer.
Land Area: 1,284,000 km² (495,755 mi²).
Location (Absolute and Relative):Chad,
landlocked country in north-central Africa.
15.4542° N, 18.7322° E
Government & Head of State: Republic,
Mahamat Déby
Languages: French and Arabic
Religion: Islam and Christianity
Currency: Central African CFA franc
Geography: Chad, landlocked country in
north-central Africa. The terrain is that of a
shallow basin that rises gradually from the
Lake Chad area in the west and is rimmed by
mountains to the north, east, and south.

National Anthem: La Tchadienne

The Tibesti Mountains are a mountain range in the central Sahara,
primarily located in the extreme north of Chad, with a small
extension into southern Libya. The highest peak in the range, Emi
Koussi, lies to the south at a height of 3,445 metres (11,302 ft) and is
the highest point in both Chad and the Sahara.
Capital: Kinshasa
Nationality: Congolese
Population: 111,860,000 (2023 est.)

Climate: humid and tropical.

Land Area: 2,267,048.00 km 2

Location (Absolute and Relative):

Latitude: -4° 02' 0.66" S: Longitude: 21° 45' 0.22" E
Congo is bounded to the north by the Central African
Republic and South Sudan; to the east by Uganda,
Rwanda, Burundi, and Tanzania; to the southeast by
Zambia; and to the southwest by Angola. To the west
are the country’s short Atlantic coastline, the Angolan
exclave of Cabinda, and Congo (Brazzaville).

Government Type & Head of State:

unitary multiparty republic - President Félix
Tshisekedi
Languages: French (official), Kongo, Lingala, Swahili,
and Tshiluba
Religion: Christianity (Roman Catholic, Protestant,
other Christians), traditional beliefs, Islam
Currency: Congo franc (FC)

Geography: The country, having the third largest land

area in Africa, occupies the heart of the Congo
River basin and is largely surrounded by high
plateaus. At its narrow strip of Atlantic coast, the
Congo River empties into the sea. National Anthem: "Debout Congolais"
Mount Nyiragongo

Mount Nyiragongo is an active stratovolcano with an elevation of 3,470 m (11,385 ft)[1] in the
Virunga Mountains associated with the Albertine Rift. It is located inside Virunga National Park, in
the Democratic Republic of the Congo, about 12 km (7.5 mi) north of the town of Goma and Lake
Kivu and just west of the border with Rwanda. The main crater is about two kilometres (1 mi) wide
and usually contains a lava lake. The crater presently has two distinct cooled lava benches within
the crater walls – one at about 3,175 m (10,417 ft) and a lower one at about 2,975 m (9,760 ft).
Capital: Brazzaville

Nationality: Congolese

Population: 5,872,188 (2023)

Climate: warm and humid.

Land Area: 342,000 km² (132,047 mi²)

Location (Absolute and Relative): 0.2280°

S, 15.8277° E, The country is located in the
central-western part of sub-Saharan Africa
along the Equator

Government & Head of State: Constitutional

framework, Felix Tshisekedi

Languages: French

Religion: Christians

Currency: Congolese Franc

Geography: The country's major

topographical features include a large river
basin, a major valley, high plateaus, three
mountain ranges, and a low coastal plain.
National Anthem: "La Congolaise"
 Odzala-kokoua National Park
Described as one of the green lungs of the planet, this vast expanse of forest provides
vital ecosystem services and supports around 75 million people. Odzala is home to the
largest population of western lowland gorillas in a national park, as well as 16% of the
African continent's forest elephants.
Capital: Equatorial Guinea
Nationality: Equatoguinean(s)
Population: 1,524,096
Climate: hot and wet all year round
Land area: 28,051 km²
Location: 40.7 degrees north (latitude), 74 degrees west
(longitude).
Government and head of state: EXECUTIVE , Teodoro
Obiang Nguema
Languages: Portuguese,Spanish, French
Religion: Roman Catholic, Protestant
Currency: Central African CFA franc
Geography: is located in west-central
Africa just north of the equator. It is made
up of Rio Muni on the African mainland
and the islands of Bioko, Annobon,
Corisco, Elobey Grande, and Elobey
Chico. Rio Muni is bordered by
CAMEROON to the north and by GABON
to the east and south. The Campo River
forms part of the northern boundary with
Cameroon, and the Rio Muni River forms
part of the southern boundary with Gabon.
These two rivers, along with the Mbini
River, located in the center of Rio Muni, National Anthem:
are the three largest rivers in the country. Caminemos Pisando la Senda de Nuestra Inmensa Felicidad
The Pico Basilé National Park is a
protected area with the status of national park
on the island of Bioko in the northern part of the
African country of Equatorial Guinea, near the
Gulf of Guinea, in the Atlantic Ocean. It stands
out for its diversity of landscapes and
vegetation and especially for its population of
primates, that are threatened by the illegal
hunting. Although in 2007 the government of
that country prohibited the hunting of diverse
species, international organizations have shown
concern for the noncompliance of the decree.

The park is named after the Basilé peak, the

highest in Equatorial Guinea, with 3011 m (9878
feet). Administratively it is included within the
jurisdiction of the Equatorial Guinean province
of Bioko Norte.

It covers an area of 30 thousand hectares and

was formally established in 2000.

The government of Equatorial Guinea is taking

action to promote sustainable hunting in the
park, which would encourage the development
of the local rural community.
Capital: Libreville
Nationality: Gabonese
Population: 2,363,654
Climate: moist, hot climate of typically tropical regions
Land area: 267,670 km² (103,348 mi²)
Location: 0.8037° S, 11.6094° E
Government and head of state:Unitary dominant-party
presidential republic, Ali Bongo Ondimba
Languages: French, Fang
Religion: Christianity , Catholic, Sunni
Currency: Coopération financière en Afrique Centrale
(Central African CFA) franc (XAF).
Geography: Inland the terrain
rises to a plateau, and in some
areas to mountains as high as
5,000 feet. Although dominated by
large tracts of thick forest, the
interior of the country offers
scenery of great beauty, including
mountains, rolling hills, forests,
and scattered savannas. National Anthem: La Concorde
Ivindo National Park
is a national park in east-central Gabon in
Central Africa, straddling the border of the
Ogooué-Ivindo and Ogooué-Lolo provinces.
Its creation was announced in August 2002
by then-President Omar Bongo at the Earth
Summit in Johannesburg, along with
Gabon’s 12 other terrestrial national parks.
Most famous for the spectacular Kongou
and Mingouli waterfalls of the Ivindo River,
known as the “wonders of Ivindo”, the park
also includes the Ipassa Makokou Biosphere
Reserve and Langoué Baï, one of the 5 most
important forest clearings in Central Africa.
The park was designated as a UNESCO
UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2021 for its
outstanding biodiversity and relatively intact
tropical forest ecosystem.
Capital: São Tomé
Nationality: Sao Tomean(s)
Population: 229,844
Climate: long rainy season
Land area: 960 km² (371 mi²)
Location: 0.1864° N, 6.6131° E
Government and head of state:Unitary semi-
presidential republic, Patrice Trovoada
Languages: Portuguese
Religion: Christian
Currency: The Dobra
Geography: is an island
state in the Atlantic Ocean
SAO TOME
right on the equator. The AND PRINCIPE
dwarf state has a total area
of only 960 km² (371 mi²) and
a total coastline of 209 km
(129.9 mi). This land area is
about 1.2 times the size of
New York City. National Anthem: "Independência total"
The Pico Cão Grande (Portuguese for "Great Dog Peak") is a landmark needle-shaped
volcanic plug peak in São Tomé and Príncipe, in the Caué District of São Tomé Island in
Parque Natural Obô de São Tomé. Its summit is 663 m (2,175 ft) above sea level, and it rises
about 370 m (1,210 ft) over the surrounding terrain. The volcanic plug was formed by magma
solidifying in the vent of an active volcano.
 EASTERN
AFRICA
Eastern Africa, region of Africa
comprising the modern countries
of Burundi, Comoros, Djibouti,
Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya,
Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius,
Mozambique, Rwanda,
Seychelles, Somalia, Sudan,
Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia,
and Zimbabwe.
Capital: Gitega
Nationality: Burundian
Population: 12,820,159
Climate: “moderate” tropical climate
Land area: 27,830 km² (10,745 mi²).
Location: 3.3731° S, 29.9189° E
Government and head of state: Presidential
Republic, Évariste Ndayishimiye
Languages: Kirundi, French, English
Religion: Roman Catholic, Protestant, Muslim
Currency: Burundian
Franc
Geography: Hilly and
mountainous, dropping to
a plateau in east, some
plains.

National Anthem:"Burundi Bwacu"

 Gishora Drum
Sanctuary
is one of the famous drum sites
in Burundi. You can watch a
drum show almost everywhere in
Burundi, but Gishora makes a
difference, and for a good reason
due to its history.

A visit to the Gishora Drum

Sanctuary is recommended for
those who want to learn more
about the traditions of Burundi
and the history of the ancient
royal times.

Nestled in the lush, verdant

hillside, just over five miles from
Burundi ’s capital, Gitega, is the
Gishora Drum Sanctuary.
Capital: Moroni
Nationality: Comorian(s)
Population: 918,242
Climate: tropical climate
Land area: 2,235 km²
Location: 11.6455° S, 43.3333° E
Government and head of state: Federal Islamic
presidential republic, Azali Assoumani
Languages: Comorian, French and Arabic
Religion: Sunni Muslim, Roman Catholic
Currency: Comorian franc
Geography: The Comoros are
a group of islands at the
northern end of the
COMOROS
Mozambique Channel of the
Indian Ocean, between
Madagascar and the southeast
African mainland, about 180
miles (290 km) off the eastern
coast of Africa.
National Anthem:Udzima wa ya Masiwa
 Comoros offers one of
the world’s largest coral
atolls which parades
hundreds of fish species,
shells and corals. This
offers great opportunity
for scuba diving and
snorkelling with great
chances of seeing large
turtles, manta rays,
marline and whale
sharks, among others.
Capital: Djibouti city
Nationality: Djiboutian(s)
Population: 1,025,713
Climate: arid tropical climate of semi-desert
Land area: 23,200 sq km
Location: 11.8251° N, 42.5903° E
Government and head of state: multiparty
republic with one legislative house, Ismail
Omar Guelleh,
Languages: Arabic, French
Religion: Islam, Christianity
Currency: Djiboutian franc
Geography: The landscape of
Djibouti is varied and extreme,
DJIBOUTI
ranging from rugged mountains
in the north to a series of low
desert plains separated by
parallel plateaus in the west and
south.

National Anthem: "Djibouti"

 Djibouti is home to the bizarre dystopian
landscape of Lac Abbé, a plateau dotted with
hundreds of limestone chimneys, some standing
50m (160ft) high and belching puffs of steam.
Capital: Addis Ababa
Nationality: Ethiopian
Population:122,434,619
Climate:high rainfall and humidity
Land area: 1,104,300 km²
Location: 9.1450° N, 40.4897° E
Government and head of state: federal republic
with two legislative houses, Sahle-Work Zewde
Languages: Amharic,Somali,omoro,tigrigra Afar
Religion: Christianity and Islam.
Currency: Ethiopian Birr
Geography: The terrain
consists of high plateaus,
mountains, and dry lowland
plains. Ethiopia has some of
the world's most rugged and
beautiful scenery. Changes
in vegetation and terrain
offer striking differences and
are readily apparent when
traveling in any direction
from Addis Ababa. National Anthem: March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia
 Lamadaya
is really only home to one
attraction and one attraction
only: waterfalls.

The largest in the nation, they

cascade over the sheer-cut
cliffs of the Cal Madow ranges,
which line-up against the Gulf
of Aden and cross Puntland,
Somaliland and the northern
fringes of the country.

Breathtaking to say the least,

these natural wonders have
carved their way through the
ochre-hued rock of the earth,
made deep plunge pools at
their bottom, and crafted
curious mineral formations
beneath their flow.
Capital: Asmara
Nationality: Eritrean
Population: 3,675,253
Climate: mostly arid climate
Land area: 117,600 km²
Location: 15.1794° N, 39.7823° E
Government and head of state: Unitary one-party
presidential republic under a totalitarian dictatorship,
Isaias Afwerki
Languages: Tigrinya, Beja, Tigre,Kunama, Saho,
Bilen, Nara
Religion: Christian, Muslim
Currency: Nakfa (ERN)
Geography: The country's
landscape is divided into three
ecological distinct regions.
There are the Eritrean
highlands, the northern
extention of the Ethiopian
Plateau, running north to south
through the center of the
country, the hot and dry
western lowlands, and the
coastal plain. National Anthem: Eritrea, Eritrea, Eritrea
 Senafe is a market town in southern Eritrea, on the edge of the Eritrean
highlands. The surrounding area is inhabited by the Saho people and the Tigrinya
people, its well known by its cultural and religious historical background. Some of
these historical places includes Kaskase, Abune Anbes and Belew-Kelew.

Senafe is known for the ruins of Metera (also known as Balaw Kalaw), Qohayto to
the south, and for Kaskase to the north. The soil is derived from volcanic ignimbrite,
and Senafe sits on the southeastern edge of a twenty kilometer wide caldera.

SENAFE
Capital: Nairobi
Nationality: Kenyan
Population: 53.01 million
Climate:dry seasons
Land area: 582,646 km²
Location: 0.0236° S, 37.9062° E
Government and head of state: Unitary Presidential
Republic, William Ruto
Languages: Swahili
Religion: Christianity, Protestantism, Catholicism,
Christian, Islam
Currency: Kenyan Shilling
Geography:In Kenya, you'll
find vast plains, towering
mountains, dense forests and
boggy swamps. Mount Kenya
is the tallest mountain in
Kenya, and the second-
highest mountain in Africa,
after Mount Kilimanjaro.
Kenya is also home to Lake
Turkana, which is the world's
largest desert lake National Anthem: Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu
Mount Kenya, Swahili Kirinyaga, volcano,
central Kenya, lying immediately south of the Equator.
It is the second highest mountain in Africa after
Kilimanjaro, which is located some 200 miles (320 km)
to the south. The Mount Kenya area was added to
UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 1997.
Capital: Antananarivo
Nationality: Malagasy” and “Madagascan
Population: 29,892,000
Climate: sub-equatorial climate
Land area: 587,041 km²
Location: 18.7669° S, 46.8691° E
Government and head of state: republic
with two legislative houses, Prime Minister:
Christian Ntsay
Languages: Malagasy, French, English
Religion: Christian, Muslim,
Currency: Malagasy Ariary
Geography:
Madagascar consists of
three parallel
longitudinal zones—the
central plateau, the
coastal strip in the east,
and the zone of low
plateaus and plains in
the west. National Anthem: "Ry Tanindrazanay malala ô!"
 Tsingy de
Bemaraha
Nature Reserve
Declared a UNESCO World
Heritage Site in 1990 for
“outstanding natural beauty”, this
“Labyrinth of the Stone forest” is
a truly unique landscape. Visitors
can traverse over walkways
through “forests” of tall, pointed
limestone, the tsingy, home to a
surprising variety of animals,
including the fossa, thirteen
species of lemurs, over 100 bird
species, fifteen bat species, and
sixty varieties of reptiles. Visitors
can also view the untouched
forests, lemurs, and waterfalls of
Manambolo Gorge.
Capital: Lilongwe
Nationality: Malawian
Population: 19,610,000
Climate: cool dry season, hot wet season
Land area: 118,480 km² (45,745 mi²)
Location: 13.2543° S, 34.3015° E
Government and head of state: multiparty
republic with one legislative house ,
President: Lazarus Chakwera
Languages: English, Chewa, Yao, Tonga,
Sena, and Elomwe
Religion: Christianity, Protestantism,
Catholicism
Currency: Malawian kwacha
Geography: Malawi's
landscape is highly
varied, four basic regions
can be identified: the
East African (or Great)
Rift Valley, the central
plateaus, the highlands,
and the isolated
mountains. National Anthem: Mlungu dalitsani Malaŵi
Lake Malawi National Park
is a national park at the southern end of Lake
Malawi in Malawi, Southeast Africa. It is the
only national park in Malawi that was created
with the purpose of protecting fish and
aquatic habitats. Despite this being its main
purpose, Lake Malawi National Park includes
a fair amount of land, including a headland,
the foreshore and several small rocky islands
in Lake Malawi.
Lake Malawi National Park was inscribed
as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984,
being of "global importance for biodiversity
conservation due particularly to its fish
diversity." This fish diversity is remarkable
because the mbuna, as the cichlid fish are
known locally, provide an outstanding
example of evolution at work. Other attributes
of the park include the outstanding natural
beauty of the area, with its craggy landscape
contrasting with the clear waters of the lake.
Capital: Port Louis
Nationality: Mauritian
Population: 1,277,297
Climate: mild tropical maritime climate
Land area: 2,040 km²
Location: 20.3484° S, 57.5522° E
Government and head of state: Unitary Parliamentary
republic, Prime Minister Pravind Kumar Jugnauth
Languages: English, French
Religion: Hinduism, Christianity, Islam
Currency: Mauritian Rupee
Geography: The island of
Mauritius is volcanic in origin
and is almost entirely
surrounded by coral reefs.
The northern part is a plain
that rises to a central plateau,
varying in elevation from
about 900 to 2,400 feet (270
to 730 metres) above sea
National Anthem: Motherland
level.
 Port Louis is the
capital city of Mauritius and is a
must see for anyone who wants to
visit. It is a thriving city full of
culture, entertainment and
restaurants.
Port Louis is the second most
important financial district in the
whole of Africa (just behind
Johannesburg) and is home to over
145,000 residents.
As the name suggests, Port Louis
harbors an elegant variety of
yachts and cruise ships. During the
1700s, the French had chosen this
location in particular for
international trading because of the
shelter provided by the 800 meter
high Moka mountain range
surrounding it.
Capital: Maputo
Nationality: Mozambican Nationals
Population: 32.08 million (2021)
Climate: Tropical to Sub-Tropical
Land area: 801,590 km²
Location (absolute & relative): Between Latitudes
10° and 27°S, and Longitudes 30° and 41°E
Government & head of state: semi presidential
representative democratic republic, Filipe Nyusi
Languages: Portuguese
Religion: Catholic, Muslim, Pentecostal Christian ,
Zionist Christian, Anglican, Jewish,Hindu, and
Baha'i
Currency: Mozambican Metical
Geography : Apprises a
vast,low, grassland plateau
which rises from the coast
towards the mountains in
the north and west covers
nearly half the country's land
area .

National Anthem: Pátria Amada

 Fort of São
The
Sebastião lies at the
northern end of Stone Town on the
Island of Mozambique. It is the
oldest complete fort still standing in
sub-Saharan Africa. Construction
by the Portuguese began in 1558,
and it took about fifty years to
complete.

Immediately beyond the fort is the

recently restored Chapel of Nossa
Senhora de Baluarte, built in 1522,
which is considered to be the oldest
European building in the southern
hemisphere. It is also one of the
best examples of Manueline vaulted
architecture in Mozambique.
Capital: Addis Ababa
Nationality: Ethiopian
Population:122,434,619
Climate:high rainfall and humidity
Land area: 1,104,300 km²
Location: 9.1450° N, 40.4897° E
Government and head of state: federal republic
with two legislative houses, Sahle-Work Zewde
Languages: Amharic,Somali,omoro,tigrigra Afar
Religion: Christianity and Islam.
Currency: Ethiopian Birr
Geography: The terrain
consists of high plateaus,
mountains, and dry lowland
plains. Ethiopia has some of
the world's most rugged and
beautiful scenery. Changes
in vegetation and terrain offer
striking differences and are
readily apparent when
traveling in any direction from
Addis Ababa.
National Anthem: March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia
 Sof Omar Cave
Considered the longest system of
caves in Africa, Sof Omar Cave is
found in the Bale Zone of the Oromia
Region in southeastern Ethiopia. It
is estimated to be 15.1 kilometers
long and starts from Ayiew Maco
and ends at Holuca.
According to locals, the cave is
named after a Muslim holy man who
lived in the area hundreds of years
ago. The cave is a sacred place for
both Islam and the local Oromo
traditional religions. The cave is
known for its many pillars,
especially the “Chambers of
Columns.”
Capital: Kigali
Nationality: Rwandan
Population: 14,482,000 (2023 est.)
Climate: pleasant and temperate
Land area: 26,338 sq km
Location: Rwanda is bounded to the north by
Uganda, to the east by Tanzania, to the south by
Burundi, and to the west by the Democratic
Republic of the Congo (Kinshasa) and Lake Kivu.
Government Type and Head of State:
Multiparty Republic; President Paul Kagame
Languages: Rwanda; French; English; Swahili
Religion: Christianity; also traditional beliefs, Islam
Currency: Rwandan franc (RF)
Geography:
Rwanda is described as a
"Land of a Thousand Hills" due
to green rolling hilly landscape.
The rugged mountain chains
are the most dominant features
in the country. They run from
north to south and form part of
the Congo-Nile divide. National Anthem: Rwanda Nziza
 Volcanoes National Park is located in
northwestern Rwanda, and borders Virunga National
Park in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
and Uganda's Mgahinga Gorilla National Park. The
park was established in 1925 and encompasses an
area of 160 km2. Volcanoes National Park contains
eight volcanoes, dense rainforests, and bamboo
forests, and helps protects the endangered mountain
gorilla and golden monkey populations from
poachers.
Capital: Victoria
Nationality: Seychellois
Population: 101,500 (2023 est.)
Climate: tropical
Land Area: 446 km²
Location (Absolute and Relative):
Situated between latitudes 4° and 11° S and
longitudes 46° and 56° E, the major islands of
Seychelles are located about 1,000 miles (1,600
km) east of Kenya and about 700 miles (1,100
km) northeast of Madagascar. The capital,
Victoria, is situated on the island of Mahé.
Government Type & Head of State:
multiparty republic; President Wavel Ramkalawan
Languages: Creole, English, French
Religion: Christianity, Hinduism, Islam
Currency: Seychelles rupee

Geography:
Seychelles is SEYCHELLES
composed of two
main island groups:
the Mahé group of
more than 40 central,
mountainous, granitic
islands and a second
group of more than 70
outlying, flat, coralline
islands.
National Anthem: “Koste Seselwa”
Sri Navasakthi Vinayagar Temple
Sri Navasakthi Vinayagar temple is
located on Quincy St and is one of the
most famous places of worship in all of
Seychelles. Small but brightly painted,
it stands out from the rest of the
buildings. You can seek the blessings
of the temple while enjoying the
picturesque architecture of the
monument.
The only Hindu temple in the island-
nation, the brightly-colored building is
reminiscent of the temples that are
plentiful in Tamil Nadu but are nowhere
near as crowded. The temple welcomes
anybody but ensures that you remove
headgear and shoes before entering the
temple. This historical site in
Seychelles is also close to both the Sir
Selwyn-Selwyn Clarke Market and the
Victoria Clocktower.
Capital: Juba
Nationality:
Population: 14,746,000 (2023 est.)
Climate: tropical climate with wet and dry seasons
Land Area: 644,329 km²
Location (Absolute and Relative): 12.8628° N 30.2176° E
South Sudan is a landlocked country and borders –
clockwise – Sudan from the north, Ethiopia from the east,
Kenya, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the
Congo from the south and the Central African Republic
from the west.
Government Type & Head of State:
Revitalized Transitional Government of National Unity;
President Salva Kiir Mayardit
Languages: English (official working language), indigenous
languages, Arabic
Religion: Christianity, traditional beliefs, Islam
Currency: South Sudan pound
Geography:
It has rainforests and
savannas but is dominated
by the vast Al-Sudd swamp,
located in its centre. A rich
variety of wildlife includes
lions, elephants, and
gazelles. The Nile River
flows through the entire
length of the country. National Anthem:
 The Sudd is a vast swamp in South
Sudan, formed by the White Nile's Baḥr
al-Jabal section. The Arabic word sudd
is derived from sadd, meaning "barrier"
or "obstruction". The term "the sudd"
has come to refer to any large solid
floating vegetation island or mat. The
area which the swamp covers is one of
the world's largest wetlands and the
largest freshwater wetland in the Nile
Basin.
For many years the swamp, and
especially its thicket of vegetation,
proved an impenetrable barrier to
navigation along the Nile. The ancient
Egyptians failed to penetrate the Sudd
and reach the areas south of it. In AD
61, a party of Roman soldiers sent by
the Emperor Nero proceeded up the
White Nile but were not able to get
beyond the Sudd, which marked the
limit of Roman penetration into
equatorial Africa. For the same reasons
in later times, the search for the source
of the Nile was particularly difficult; it

The Sudd
eventually involved overland
expeditions from the central African
coast, so as to avoid having to travel
through the Sudd.
Capital: Dodoma
Nationality: Tanzanian
Population: 63,418,000 (2023)
Climate: tropical to temperate
Land Area: 945,500 km²
Location (Absolute and Relative):
6.369° S, 34.8888° E
Tanzania mainland is bounded by Uganda, Lake
Victoria, and Kenya to the north, by the Indian Ocean
to the east, by Mozambique, Lake Nyasa, Malawi,
and Zambia to the south and southwest, and by Lake
Tanganyika, Burundi, and Rwanda to the west.
Government Type & Head of State:
Unitary Multiparty Republic
President Samia Suluhu Hassan
Languages: Swahili, English
Religion: Christianity, Islam, traditional belief
Currency: Tanzanian shilling

Geography:
Although most of Tanzania
consists of plains and plateaus,
it has some spectacular relief
features, including Kilimanjaro
and Ol Doinyo Lengai, an
active volcano. All or portions
of Lakes Nyasa, Tanganyika,
Victoria, and Rukwa lie within
Tanzania, as do the
headwaters of the Nile, Congo,
and Zambezi rivers. National Anthem: Mungu ibariki Afrika
Mount Kilimanjaro

Mount Kilimanjaro is a dormant volcano located in Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania. It has three
volcanic cones: Kibo, Mawenzi, and Shira. It is the highest mountain in Africa and the highest
single free-standing mountain above sea level in the world: 5,895 metres (19,341 ft) above sea level
and about 4,900 metres (16,100 ft) above its plateau base. It is the highest volcano in Africa and the
Eastern Hemisphere.
Capital: Kampala
Nationality: Ugandan
Population: 45,654,000 (2023)
Climate: tropical
Land Area: 241,555 km²

Location (Absolute and Relative):

Uganda is bordered by South Sudan to the north, Kenya
to the east, Tanzania and Rwanda to the south, and the
Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west.

Government Type & Head of State: multiparty republic

President Yoweri Museveni
Languages: English, Swahili
Religion: Christianity, Islam, and traditional belief
Currency: Ugandan shilling (UGX)
Geography:
A landlocked country on the
Equator, Uganda is largely situated
on a plateau, with volcanic
mountains edging its eastern and
western borders; Margherita Peak,
at 16,795 ft (5,119 m), is the
highest mountain. Part of Lake
Victoria occupies virtually all of
southeastern Uganda; other major
lakes are Lakes Albert, Kyoga,
Edward, George, and Bisina. The
Nile River traverses the country.
Huge tracts of land are devoted to
national parks and game reserves. National Anthem: Oh Uganda, Land of Beauty
Crowned Crane
on Uganda’s Flag

Scientifically known as
Balearica regulorum is a
bird in the crane family
found in Eastern and
Southern Africa, and is the
national bird of Uganda.
Commonly known as
Ngaali, the grey crowned
crane symbolizes beauty,
wealth longevity and good
fortune.
Capital: Lusaka
Nationality: Zambian
Population: 20,158,000 (2023)
Climate: tropical to subtropical
Land Area: 752,612 km²
Location (Absolute and Relative): 13.1339° S, 27.8493° E
Zambia’s neighbours are the Democratic Republic of the
Congo to the north, Tanzania to the northeast, Malawi to
the east, Mozambique to the southeast, Zimbabwe and
Botswana to the south, Namibia to the southwest, and
Angola to the west.
Government Type & Head of State: Multiparty Republic
President Hakainde Hichilema
Languages: English
Religion: Christianity, Islam, traditional belief
Currency: Zambian kwacha
Geography:
The country consists of a high
plateau through which the Zambezi
(including Victoria Falls), Kafue,
and Luangwa rivers flow. Lakes
Mweru and Tanganyika touch
Zambia’s northern boundaries, and
Lake Bangweulu and the
Bangweulu Swamps form
extensive wetlands farther to the
south. The Muchinga Mountains in
the east and the ranges along the
eastern border have the highest
elevations in the country. There are
forests of Zambezi teak in the
National Anthem:
southwest. Stand and Sing of Zambia, Proud and Free
 Devil’s Pool is a natural rock pool that sits right at the edge of Victoria Falls in
Zambia, Africa. Created over thousands of years of erosion, Devil’s Pool has a thin
rock wall barrier between the top of the falls and the cliffside, keeping you from
being swept over the edge of the waterfall.
It has been made famous for its daredevil location paired with its spectacular
views of one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World, Victoria Falls.

Devil’s Pool
Capital: Harare
Nationality: Zimbabwean
Population: 15,464,000 (2023)
Climate: tropical to subtropical
Land Area: 390,757 km²
Location (Absolute and Relative): 19.0154° S 29.1549° E
Zimbabwe is a landlocked country of southern-
eastern Africa. It shares a border on the south with
the Republic of South Africa and is bounded on the
southwest and west by Botswana, on the north by
Zambia, and on the northeast and east by
Mozambique.
Government Type & Head of State: Unitary Republic
President Emmerson Mnangagwa
Languages: Chewa, Chibarwe, English, Kalanga, Khoisan,
Nambya, Ndau, Ndebele, Shangaan, Shona, sign
language, Sotho, Tonga, Tswana, Venda, and Xhosa (all
official)
Religion: Christianity and traditional beliefs
Currency: Zimbabwe dollar
Geography:
A broad ridge running southwest-
northeast, reaching elevations of
4,000–5,000 ft (1,200–1,500 m),
dominates Zimbabwe’s landscape.
The Zambezi River forms the
country’s northwestern boundary
and contains Victoria Falls as well
as the Kariba Dam (completed
1959); Lake Kariba, created by the
dam, covers some 2,000 sq mi
(5,200 sq km). The Limpopo and
Save river basins are in the
southeast. National Anthem: "Simudzai Mureza wedu WeZimbabwe"
Matobo Hills

The area exhibits a profusion of distinctive rock

landforms rising above the granite shield that covers
much of Zimbabwe. The large boulders provide
abundant natural shelters and have been associated
with human occupation from the early Stone Age right
through to early historical times, and intermittently
since. They also feature an outstanding collection of
rock paintings. The Matobo Hills continue to provide a
strong focus for the local community, which still uses
shrines and sacred places closely linked to traditional,
social and economic activities.
 WESTERN
AFRICA
Western African region is
composed of Benin, Burkina
Faso, Cape Verde, Côte
D'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana,
Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia,
Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria,
Senegal, Sierra Leone, and
Togo
Capital: Porto-Novo
Nationality: Beninese, Beninois
Population: 13,428,000 (2023)
Climate: tropical
Land Area: 114,763 sq km

Location (Absolute and Relative): 6°28′N, 2°36′E

It is bordered by Togo to the west, Nigeria to the east,
Burkina Faso to the north-west, and Niger to the
north-east, and southern coastline of the Bight of
Benin, part of the Gulf of Guinea.

Government & Head of State: Multiparty Republic

President Patrice Talon

Languages: French
Religion: Christian, Muslims, traditional belief
Currency: CFA franc

Geography:
Benin includes a hilly region in the northwest, where
the maximum elevation is 2,103 ft (641 m). There are
plains in the east and north and a marshy region in the
south, where the coastline extends about 75 mi (120
km). Benin’s longest river, the Ouémé, flows into the
Porto-Novo Lagoon and is navigable for 125 mi (200
km) of its 280-mi (450-km) length. Benin has a
developing mixed economy based largely on
agriculture and operates an offshore oil field.
National Anthem: L'Aube nouvelle
In northern Benin, there is the tradition of building fortified houses
looking like real miniature castles. This particular architecture
(Tata Somba) was born during the seventeenth century, to defend
from soldiers of other tribes looking to catch people to be sold as
slaves to the New World.
These small fortresses are classified by UNESCO as a World
Heritage Site, for their traditional architecture among some of the
most interesting and beautiful of whole Africa.
Capital: Accra
Nationality: Ghanaian
Population: 32,765,397 (2023)
Climate: tropical and strongly influenced
by the West Africa monsoon winds..
Land Area: 238,533 km²
Location (Absolute and Relative): 7.9465°
N, 1.0232° W, Ghana is located in West
Africa and is sandwiched between Cote
d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) and Togo.
Government Type & Head of State:
Unitary Multiparty Republic
President Nana Akufo-Addo
Languages: English
Religion: Christian, Muslims
Currency: Ghanaian Cedi
Geography: The landscape consists
mainly of plains and low plateaus covered
by rain forests in the west and Lake Volta
in the east. Some houses are built along
the water in Accra, Ghana's largest city.
National Anthem: "God Bless Our Homeland Ghana"
 Boti Falls
Waterfalls attract tourists who
end up buying our local produce
and hence we earn money. The
Waterfalls can also be used to
produce hydro electricity power.
Fishing can be carried out on
waterfalls and the fish sold to get
income and improve on the living
standards of people.
Capital: Dakar
Nationality: Senegalese
Population: 17.57 Million in the year 2023
Climate: warm and tropical climate
Land Area: 196,710 km² (75,950 mi²)
Location (Absolute and Relative):
14.4974° N, 14.4524° W
Located in the westernmost part of the African
continent, Senegal is bordered by Mauritania, Mali,
Guinea, and Guinea-Bissau.
Government & Head of State: Union Government and
Macky Sall is the head of the state.
Languages: Official language is French.
Religion: 94% predominantly Muslim, Christians,
mainly Catholics, represent 5% and traditional
beliefs represent 1%.
Currency: CFA franc (XOF)
Geography:.
Averaging less than 650 feet in elevation, Senegal is
mostly flat or rolling plains with savanna-type
vegetation. In the southeast, however, plateaus 1640
feet high form the foothills of the Fouta-Djallon
Mountains. Marshy swamps interspersed with
tropical rain forests are common in the southwest. National Anthem:
"Pincez tous vos koras, frappez les balafons"
Dakar

Dakar is one of tropical Africa’s leading industrial

and service centres. Its industries include peanut-
oil refining, fish canning, flour milling, brewing,
truck assembly, and petroleum refining.
Capital: Bissau
Nationality: Bissau
Population: 2,089,515
Climate: Humid on the coastal central and southern
territory (relative humidity between 62 and 87%) and
drier in the rest of the territory (relative humidity
between 58 and 68%).
Land Area: 36,130 km² (13,950 mi²)
Location (Absolute and Relative): Most of its
generally flat terrain averages just 20 to 30 m above
sea level, with low-lying plateaus in the east rising to
150 m. Guinea Bissau has an intricate shoreline on
the Atlantic Ocean, with numerous estuaries that
penetrate inland. Coastal valleys flood regularly,
making them conducive to rice cultivation. And the
absolute location is 11.8037° N, 15.1804° W
Government & Head of State: semi presidential
republic
Languages: Creole GUINEA
Religion: 46% are Muslim, 31 percent follow
indigenous religious practices, and 19 percent are
Christian.
BISSAU
Currency: West African Financial Community franc
(XOF)
Geography: Most of its generally flat terrain averages
just 20 to 30 m above sea level, with low-lying
plateaus in the east rising to 150 m. Guinea Bissau
has an intricate shoreline on the Atlantic Ocean, with
numerous estuaries that penetrate inland. Coastal
valleys flood regularly, making them conducive to rice
cultivation. National Anthem:"Esta é a Nossa Pátria Bem Amada"
 JOÃO VIEIRA-
POILÃO
• Conserving the biodiversity
and balanced and functional
ecosystems; constituting a
well-preserved hub that
facilitate the restocking of
adjoining areas with
endangered or heavily
exploited species; contributing
to the preservation of
biodiversity worldwide,
notably sea turtles; creating
conditions conducive for the
sustainable development of
the insular region hosting the
Capital: Conakry
Nationality: Fulani, Malinké, Soussou
Population: 14,066,510 (2023)
Climate: tropical zone for most of the
territory and the subequatorial for
Southeast Guinea.
Land Area: 245,860 km² (94,927 mi²)
Location (Absolute and Relative): 9.9456°
N, 9.6966° W, The country is bordered by
Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), Guinea-Bissau,
Liberia, Mali, Senegal, and Sierra Leone.
Government & Head of State: Republic,
Incumbent Mamady Doumbouya
Languages: French
Religion: Muslim
Currency: Guinean Franc
Geography: The country is divided into
four geographic regions: the narrow
coastal belt; the pastoral Fouta Djallon
highland region, with elevations averaging
1,000 feet above sea level; the hotter, drier
upper Guinea savanna region; and the
tropical rainforest in the southeast. Guinea
has a lovely and varied landscape. National Anthem: "Liberté"
 TheConakry Grand
Mosque is a mosque in
Conakry, Guinea, located east of the
Conakry Botanical Garden and
beside the Donka Hospital.

The mosque was built under Ahmed

Sékou Touré with funding from King
Fahd of Saudi Arabia. It opened in
1982. It is the fourth largest mosque
in Africa and the largest in Sub-
Saharan Africa. The mosque has
2,500 places on the upper level for
women and 10,000 below for men. An
additional 12,500 worshipers can be
accommodated in the mosque's large
esplanade. The gardens of the
mosque contain the Camayanne
Mausoleum, including the tombs of
the national hero Samori Ture, Sékou
Touré and Alfa Yaya.
Capital: Monrovia
Nationality: Liberian
Population: 5,365,952 (February 6,
2023)
Climate: tropical, hot and humid
Land Area: 111,370 sq km
Location (Absolute and Relative): 6 °N,
9 °W, bordered at the north Atlantic
Ocean to the southwest (580 kilometers
(360 mi) of coastline) and three other
African nations on the other three sides,
Sierra Leone to the northwest, Guinea to
the northeast and Ivory Coast (Côte
d'Ivoire) to the east.
Government & Head of State:
Multiparty Republic, President George
Weah
Languages: English
Religion: Christianity
Currency: Liberian dollar
Geography: It is roughly rectangular
measuring about 510 km (317 mi) in
length from northwest to southeast, with a
width of about 275 km (171 mi). The
coastline is about 680 km (423 mi),
including river mouths ad inlets up to one
kilometre wide.
National Anthem: “All hail, Liberia, hail!”
 The National Museum of
Liberia is a national museum
in Monrovia, Liberia. Initially
housed in the First
Executive Mansion on
Ashmun Street of the city
which is now used as a
library, it was established by
an Act of the National
Legislature in 1958 under the
administration of Liberia's
18th President, Dr William
V.S. Tubman. Partly funded
by UNESCO,[1] in
coordination with the
Department of Public
instructions (what is now the
Liberian Ministry of
Education), its primary goal
was to obtain, preserve and
display cultural artefacts and
Liberian National Museum other historical items which
depict the country's heritage.
Capital: Yamoussoukro
Nationality: Ivorian
Population: 28,149,274
Climate: humid equatorial climate
Land Area: 322,500 km²

Location (Absolute and Relative):

7°32'23.96"N, 5°32'49.49"W, bordered by
the Gulf of Guinea to the south, Liberia
and Guinea to the west, Mali and Burkina
Faso to the north, and Ghana to the east.

Government & Head of State: Presidential

Republic; Alassane Dramane Ouattara

Languages: French
Religion: Islam, Christianity, and Harrist
Faith (indigenous)
COTE
Currency: West African CFA franc

Geography: The southern third of the

D’IVOIRE
country is largely covered by tropical rain
forest. A network of interconnecting
lagoons parallels the coast from the
Ghanaian border 322 kilometers (200
miles) westward. Important cash crops are
grown in the forest belt, but to the north
lies a savanna area of lateritic soil where
vegetation becomes more sparse
National Anthem: L'Abidjanaise ("The Song of Abidjan)
 St Paul's Cathedral (French: Cathédrale Saint-Paul d'Abidjan) is a Roman Catholic
cathedral located in the city of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. The cathedral, which was
designed by the Italian architect Aldo Spirito, serves as the mother church for the
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Abidjan.
The first stone of the cathedral was consecrated on May 11, 1980, by Pope John
Paul II during his first pastoral visit to Côte d'Ivoire. He further dedicated the building
upon completion on August 10, 1985, during a second visit to the country to lay the
foundation for the Basilica of Our Lady of Peace in Yamoussoukro. The cost of
implementing this modern architectural edifice, reputedly the second largest church
on the African continent (as of 2002), and one of the largest cathedrals in the world,
was estimated at $12 million.Architecturally, the cathedral is unique and modern,
though built to meet the specific aspirations of the ethnic people of Côte d'Ivoire.
Capital: Ouagadougou
Nationality: Burkinabe
Population: 22,441,865
Climate: semi-arid
Land Area: 274,200 km²

Location (Absolute and Relative): 13°

North and 2° West, Benin and Togo to the
southeast, Niger to the east, Mali to the
north and west, Ivory Coast to the
southwest, and Ghana to the south.
Government & Head of State: Semi-
presidential Republic; Capt. Ibrahim
Traoré
Languages: French, Burkinabe (local)
Religion: Islam, Christianity,
Animism/Folk Religion (African
BURKINA FASO
traditional religion),
Currency: West African CFA franc

Geography: Burkina Faso is located on a

massive plateau that is cut deeply by the
three main rivers of Black Volta, White
Volta, and Red Volta. As visible on the
physical map above, these rivers enter
Ghana to converge and form the Volta
River.
National Anthem: Une Seule Nuit
 One of Burkina Faso’s most
Grand Mosque of Bobo-Dioulasso iconic landmarks, the Grand
Mosque of Bobo-Dioulasso is
considered to be among the
best examples of mud-brick
construction in the world. This
mosque serves as one of the
most well-known examples of
traditional Sudano-Sahelian
architecture, and it’s also the
largest mosque built in this style
throughout all of Burkina Faso.
Construction of the Grand
Mosque began in 1870 and
lasted for 10 years, and thanks
to years of constant care and
repairs, the mosque is in
incredibly good condition.
Whenever the rainy season
begins it is possible to see
damage caused by the harsh
conditions and beating sun. It is
this time of year that any
damage within the mosque is
immediately fixed.
Capital: Nouakchott
Nationality: Mauritanian
Population: 4,966,643 (February 6, 2023)
Climate: very hot
Land Area: 1,030,700 (sq. km)

Location (Absolute and Relative): 21° 0'

28.404" N 10° 56' 27.006" W, Western Sahara
to the north and northwest, Senegal to the
southeast, Mali to the southeast and east,
and Algeria to the northeast.
Government & Head of State: Islamic
Republic, President Mohamed Ould
Ghazouani

Languages: Arabic
Religion: Islam
Currency: Mauritanian ouguiya

Geography: Mauritania is generally flat, its

1,030,700 square kilometres forming vast,
arid plains broken by occasional ridges and
cliff-like outcroppings. Mauritania is the
world’s largest country lying entirely below
an altitude of 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). It is
considered part of both the Sahel and the
Maghreb. A series of scarps face southwest,
longitudinally bisecting these plains in the
center of the country.
National Anthem: English "Land of the Proud, Guided by Noblemen"
Chinguetti is a ksar and a medieval trading center in northern
Mauritania, located on the Adrar Plateau east of Atar.
Founded in the 13th century as the center of several trans-
Saharan trade routes, this small city continues to attract a
handful of visitors who admire its spare architecture, scenery,
and ancient libraries. The city is seriously threatened by the
encroaching desert; high sand dunes mark the western
boundary and several houses have been abandoned to the
sand.

CHINGUETTI
Capital: Bamako
Nationality: Malian
Population: 21,749,458 (January 28, 2023)
Climate: tropical wet
Land Area: 1,242,248 square kilometres

Location (Absolute and Relative): 10° and

25°N, 13°W and 5°E, Algeria to the northeast,
Niger to the east, Burkina Faso to the south-
east, Ivory Coast to the south, Guinea to the
south-west, and Senegal to the west and
Mauritania to the north-west.

Government & Head of State: Multi-party

Democracy, President Assimi Goïta
Languages: French and Bambara
Religion: Muslims, Christians, and
indigenous believers
Currency: Malian franc

Geography: Desert or semi-desert covers

about 65 percent of Mali's total area
(1,240,192 square kilometers). The Niger
River creates a large and fertile inland delta
as it arcs northeast through Mali from
Guinea before turning south and eventually
emptying into the Gulf of Guinea. National Anthem: “Le Mali” - “The Mali”
 The Great Mosque of
Djenné is located in the
city of Djenné, Mali, on
the flood plain of the
Bani River. The first
mosque on the site was
built around the 13th
century, but the current
structure dates from
1907. As well as being
the centre of the
community of Djenné, it
is one of the most
famous landmarks in
Africa. Everything from
its minarets to its spired
walls is constructed
from mud.
The Great Mosque of Djenné
Capital: Lomé

Nationality: Togolese

Population: 7.9 million

Climate: equatorial type, warm and humid

Land Area: 56,790 km² (21,927 mi²)

Location (Absolute and Relative): 8.6195° N,

0.8248° E

Government & Head of State: Presidential

republic, Faure Gnassingbé

Languages: French

Religion: Christians

Currency: West African CFA franc

Geography: Port of Lomé is located in the

southwest of the country, in the Gulf of
Benin . It is an administrative, economic
and transport center as well as the most
important port. Most of Togo’s international
trade flows through the port of Lomé, which
was extended and deepened in 1968 so that
transatlantic vessels could enter. National Anthem:“Hail to thee, land of our forefathers” (English)
Lomé is the capital and largest city of
Togo. It has an urban population of 837,437[2]
while there were 1,477,660 permanent residents
in its metropolitan area as of the 2010 census.[2]
Located on the Gulf of Guinea at the southwest
corner of the country, with its entire western
border along the easternmost point of Ghana's
Volta Region, Lomé is the country's
administrative and industrial center, which
includes an oil refinery. It is also the country's
chief port, from where it exports coffee, cocoa,
copra, and oil palm kernels.
Its city limits extends to the border with
Ghana, located a few hundred meters west of the
city center, to the Ghanaian city of Aflao and the
South Ketu district where the city is situated,
had 160,756 inhabitants in 2010. The cross-
border agglomeration of which Lomé is the
centre, has about 2 million inhabitants as of 2020.
Capital: Niamey
Nationality: Nigerien
Population: 25.25 million
Climate: extreme hot and arid
Land Area: 1,267,000 km² (489,191 mi²)
Location (Absolute and Relative): 17.6078° N,
8.0817° E, bounded on the northwest by
Algeria, on the northeast by Libya, on the
east by Chad, on the south by Nigeria and
Benin, and on the west by Burkina Faso and
Mali
Government & Head of State: Semi-
presidential system, Mohamed Bazoum
Languages: French
Religion: Muslim
Currency: West African CFA franc
Geography: Niger is one of the largest inland
countries in West Africa and is historically a
gateway between North Africa and sub-
Saharan Africa. With two-thirds of the
country lying within the Sahara Desert, it is
one of the hottest countries in the world.
National Anthem: “La Nigérienne”
The Niger River is the main river of West Africa, extending about 4,180 km (2,600 mi). Its
drainage basin is 2,117,700 km2 (817,600 sq mi) in area. Its source is in the Guinea
Highlands in south-eastern Guinea near the Sierra Leone border. It runs in a crescent
shape through Mali, Niger, on the border with Benin and then through Nigeria,
discharging through a massive delta, known as the Niger Delta (or the Oil Rivers), into
the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. The Niger is the third-longest river in Africa,
exceeded by the Nile and the Congo River. Its main tributary is the Benue River.
Capital: Abuja

NIGERIA
Nationality: Nigerian

Population: 213.4 million (2021)

Climate: tropical climate with variable rainy

and dry seasons

Land Area: 923,768 km²

Location (Absolute and Relative): 10° 00' N

and 8° 00' E, east of Benin, south of Niger,
southwest of Chad, and west of Cameroon.

Government & Head of State: federal

republic, Muhammadu Buhari

Languages: English

Religion: Christianity and Islam

Currency: Nigerian Naira

Geography: The country's topography

ranges from lowlands along the coast and in
the lower Niger Valley to high plateaus in the
north and mountains along the eastern
border. Much of the country is laced with
productive rivers.
National Anthem: Arise, O compatriots
Zuma Rock
is a large natural
monolith, or inselberg, an
igneous intrusion
composed of gabbro and
granodiorite, in Niger
State, Nigeria. It is
located in the west of
Nigeria's capital, Abuja,
along the main road from
Abuja to Kaduna off
Madala, and is sometimes
referred to as the
"Gateway to Abuja from
Suleja". Zuma Rock rises
approx. 300 metres (980
ft) above its surroundings.
Capital: Praia
Nationality: Cape Verdean(s)
Population: 587,925 (2021)
Climate: Arid
Land Area: 4,033 km²
Location (Absolute and Relative): 16.5388° N,
23.0418° W, ff the western coast of the
African continent, near Senegal, Gambia,
and Mauritania as well as part of the
Macaronesia ecoregion
Government & Head of State: semi-
presidential representative democratic
republic, José Maria Neves
Languages: Portuguese CAPE VERDE
Religion: Roman Catholic
Currency: Cape Verdean Escudo
Geography: The Cape Verde Islands are
located in the mid-Atlantic Ocean some 450
km (280 mi) off the west coast of the
continent of Africa. The landscape varies
from dry plains to high active volcanoes
with cliffs rising steeply from the ocean.
National Anthem: Cântico da Liberdade
Pico do Fogo is the highest peak of Cape Verde and West Africa, rising to 2,829
metres above sea level. It is an active stratovolcano lying on the island of Fogo.
The main cone last erupted in 1680, causing mass emigration from the island. A
subsidiary vent erupted in 1995. The only deadly eruption was in 1847 when
earthquakes killed several people.
Capital: Banjul
Nationality: Gambians
Population: 2.64 million (2021)
Climate: Sahelian climate
Land Area: 11,300 km²
Location (Absolute and Relative): 13.4432°
N, 15.3101° W, The Gambia is a virtual
enclave in the Republic of Senegal.
Government & Head of State: multiparty
republic, Adama Barrow
Languages: English
Religion: Muslim
THE
Currency: Gambian Dalasi
Geography: The Gambia, country in GAMBIA
western Africa situated on the Atlantic coast
and surrounded by the neighbouring
country of Senegal. It occupies a long
narrow strip of land that surrounds the
Gambia River. The land is flat and is
dominated by the river, which is navigable
throughout the length of the country.

National Anthem: For The Gambia Our Homeland

 The Gambia River
(formerly known as the
River Gambra) is a major
river in West Africa,
running 1,120 kilometres
(700 mi) from the Fouta
Djallon plateau in north
Guinea westward
through Senegal and The
Gambia to the Atlantic
Ocean at the city of
Banjul. It is navigable for
about half that length.
The river is strongly
associated with The
Gambia, the smallest
country in mainland
Africa, which occupies

GAMBIA RIVER the downstream half of

the river and its two
Capital: Freetown
Nationality: Sierra Leonean
Population: 8.421 million (2021)
Climate: Tropical
Land Area: 71,740 km²

Location (Absolute and Relative): 8.4606° N,

11.7799° W, Guinea to the north and northeast,
Liberia to the south and southeast, and the
Atlantic Ocean to the west.

Government & Head of State: presidential

representative democratic republic, Julius
Maada Bio

Languages: English
Religion: Muslim
Currency: Sierra Leonean Leone

Geography: Its landscape includes a flat

coastal zone with fringing mangrove swamps.
A large plain extends inland that transitions
into wooded hills and an interior plateau
interspersed with forested high mountains in
the east. National Anthem: High We Exalt Thee, Realm of the Free
 Mandingo
Central
Mosque
is a large mosque
located in Freetown,
Sierra Leone. It is one
of the largest mosque
in Sierra Leone and is
located in the
neighborhood of
Magazine Court in the
East End of Freetown.
The chief Imam of the
Mandingo Central
Mosque is Sheikh
Alhaji Abubakarr
Swarray