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Dna Code of Life

The document discusses the key components and functions of DNA. It notes that DNA is found in the nucleus and mitochondria of animal cells, and contains the genetic instructions to control cell functioning and hereditary transmission from generation to generation. The DNA molecule has a double-helix structure formed from nucleotides containing phosphate, deoxyribose and nitrogen bases. DNA replication and protein synthesis are also summarized, with DNA replication doubling the genetic material in the cell and protein synthesis using transcription and translation to produce proteins from DNA instructions.

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ndlovusenamile401
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9 views

Dna Code of Life

The document discusses the key components and functions of DNA. It notes that DNA is found in the nucleus and mitochondria of animal cells, and contains the genetic instructions to control cell functioning and hereditary transmission from generation to generation. The DNA molecule has a double-helix structure formed from nucleotides containing phosphate, deoxyribose and nitrogen bases. DNA replication and protein synthesis are also summarized, with DNA replication doubling the genetic material in the cell and protein synthesis using transcription and translation to produce proteins from DNA instructions.

Uploaded by

ndlovusenamile401
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DNA CODE OF LIFE

o LOCATION OF DNA IN A CELL


o DNA STRUCTURE
o FUNCTIONS OF DNA
o DNA REPLICATION
o DNA VS RNA
o PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
LOCATION OF DNA

There are three places in an cell where DNA is found


• NUCLEUS (nuclear DNA)
• MITOCHONDRIA (mitochondrial DNA)
• CHLOROPLASTS (chloroplastic DNA,In plant cells)
Mitochondria and Chloroplastic DNA are known as EXTRA NUCLEAR
DNA as they found outside the nucleus
IN animal cells it only found in mitochondria and inside the nucleus
STRUCTURE OF DNA

• DNA is made up of monomers called NUCLEOTIDES.Nucleotides are


building blocks of nucleic acids.
• DNA IS DOUBLE HELIX
• NUCLEOTIDE consists of three part
Phosphate (p)
Deoxyribose sugar (S)
Nitrogen base (NB)
• There are four nitrogen base that are held by weak hydrogen bonds
Adenine – Thymine
Guanine – Cytosine
FUNCTIONS OF DNA

• Controls the functioning of the cell


• Controls protein synthesis and formation of proteins , hormones
and enzymes
• Stores hereditary information and transmits this information from
one generation to the next generation
DNA REPLICATION

DNA Replication is the process where by DNA make identical copies


of it self
• OCCURES INSIDE THE NUCLEUS
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DNA REPLICATION
• DNA replication doubles genetic material
• DNA replication ensure that the daughter cells in mitosis will have
the identical genetic make-up as the parent cell
DNA REPLICATION stage

1. DNA UNWINDS IT SELF


2. THE WEAK HYDOGEN BOND BREAK AND BOTH STRANDS AT AS THE
TEMPLET
3. FREE FLOTING NECLEOTIDES FROM THE NECLEOPLASM JOINS
BOTH STRANDS OF DNA COMPLIMENTAL
4. DNA REWINDS IT SELF
5. TWO IDENTICAL STRANDS OF DNA HAS FORMED
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DNA AND RNA
DNA RNA
DOUBLE STRANDED SINGLE STRAND
DEOXYRIBOSE RIBOSE
THYMINE(T) URISINE(U)
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Protein synthesis it refers to make up of the required protein and


consist of two stages
• Transcription
is the process where by DNA makes mRNA (inside the nucleus)
1. DNA unwinds it self
2. Weak hydrogen bond breaks at the gene point and only one strand
act as the templet
3. Free nucleotides from the nucleoplasm join only one strand of
DNA COMPLEMENTAL, uracil replace thymine
4. MRNA strand has formed and leave the nucleus through nuclear
pores
TRANSLATION

Takes place in the cytoplasm on the RIBOSOME


5.EACH tRNA brings specific amino acid to mRNA. THIS IS CALLED
TRANSLATION.
6.The amino acids are linked together to form a particular protein
this process is controlled by enzymes

Amino acids are linked together by peptide bond


Triples base of mRNA is known as CODONS
Triples base of tRNA is known as ANTCODONS

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