7-8) parallel CIRCUIT

parallel CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS

1. THE VOLTAGE IN ALL BRANCHES IS THE SAME

AS THE SUPPLY VOLTAGE.

ET = E1 = E2 = E3
parallel CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS

2. THE SUM OF ALL THE CURRENTS IN THE

BRANCHES IS EQUAL TO THE SUPPLY CURRENT.

IT = I1 + I2 + I3
parallel CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS

3. THE TOTAL RESISTANCE

1 1 1 1
RT = R 1 + R2 + R 3
CURRENT DIVIDER
 KIRCHHOFF’S CURRENT LAW

 The algebraic sum of all the currents in a node is equal to zero.

 Assuming all currents going towards the node positive and
away from the node negative.
@Node A
I1 I2 I3
IT - I1- I2-3 = 0

IT A I2-3 B
@Node B

I2-3 – I2 – I3 = 0

IT = I 1 + I 2 + I 3
 Applications and troubleshooting of parallel circuit
Sample Problem No. 1:

Three resistors are connected in parallel. If placed in a circuit

with a 12-volt power supply. Determine the equivalent
resistance, the total circuit current, and the voltage drop across
and current in each resistor.

-
 Applications and troubleshooting of parallel circuit
Answer Sample Problem No. 1:

Three resistors are connected in parallel. If placed in a circuit

with a 12-volt power supply.
a. Determine the equivalent resistance = 3.52 ohms
b. the total circuit current = 3.40 A
c. voltage drops VT = V1 = V2 = V3 = 12 V
d. current in each resistor
I1 = 1.1 A
I2 = 1.7 A
I3 = 0.6 A

Check with Multisim

 Review of Schematic Diagrams
4. Draw the schematic diagram of this picture
 Applications and troubleshooting of parallel circuit
Sample Problem No.2:

Find the currents in each resistors

-
 Applications and troubleshooting of parallel circuit
1/R12 = 1/R1 + 1/R2
Sample Answer Problem No.2:

Find the currents in each resistors

I1 = 6.51 mA
I2 = 9.27 mA
I3 = 0.03 A = 30 mA
I4 = 0.014 A = 14 mA

Combine R1 and R2 and Combine R3 and R4

R12= R1 R2/ R1 + R2 R34= R3 R4/ R3 + R4
IT = 60 mA = 1.94 KΩ = 0.69 KΩ
I12 = R34 ( IT ) I34 = R12 (IT)
R12 R34
- R +R R12 + R34
12 34
1940Ω 690Ω

I12 I34
I12 = 15.74 mA I34 = 44.26 mA
 Applications and troubleshooting of parallel circuit
Sample Answer Problem No.2: I12 I34

R1 R2 R3 R4
4.7KΩ 3.3KΩ 1KΩ 2.2KΩ

I1 = R2 (I12 ) I3 = R4 (I34)
R1+ R2 R 3 + R4

I1 = 6.51 mA I3 = 30 mA
IT = 60 mA
I12 = I1 + I2 I34 = I3 + I4
R12 R34
1940Ω 690Ω
I2 = I12 - I1 I4 = I34 - I3
I12 I34
I2 = 15.74 – 6.51 I4 = 44.26 - 30

I2 = 9.23 mA I4 = 14.26 mA
Answer Sample Problem No.3:
 Copy and draw the schematic diagrams in your notebook. Solutions are required. No unit
wrong, wrong unit wrong.
ECE 1-1 1. Three resistors are in series, R2 is twice of R1 and R3 is ½ of R2. Find the values of the
resistors if the equivalent resistance of the circuit is 120 ohms.
ECE 1-2
2. A three-branch parallel circuit has the following parameters, IT = 20 mA, I1 = 12 mA , R2 =
2 KΩ, V3 = 12 volts. Find R1 and R3.
 Applications and troubleshooting of parallel circuit
ECE 1-3 Sample Problem No.4:

Five resistors are connected in parallel. If R1 = R2 = R3 = 30 KΩ and R4= R5 = 90 KΩ, find the total voltage and
the currents in all the resistors if the main line current is 10 mA.

-
 SERIES- parallel CIRCUIT
ECE 1-5 Problem No. 3
A 1800-W toaster, a 1400-W electric frying pan, and a 75-W lamp are plugged into the same outlet in a 15-A,
120-V circuit. (The three devices are in parallel when plugged into the same socket.).
(a) What current is drawn by each device?
(b) Will this combination blow the 15-A fuse? Explain why.

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/physics/chapter/21-1-resistors-in-series-and-parallel/
 Applications and troubleshooting of parallel circuit
Sample Problem No.5: ECE 1-4 Find the following:
1. Voltage drops
2. Current in all resistors

-
1-1
Three resistors are in series, R2 is twice of R1 and R3 is ½ of R2. Find the
values of the resistors if the equivalent resistance of the circuit is 120
ohms. R1 = 30 Ω, R2= 60 Ω, R3 = 30 Ω
1 -2
A three-branch parallel circuit has the following parameters, IT = 20 mA,
I1 = 12 mA , R2 = 2 KΩ, V3 = 12 volts. Find R1 and R3. R1 = 1KΩ, R3 = 6 KΩ
 Applications and troubleshooting of parallel circuit
ECE 1-3 Answer Sample Problem No. 4:

Five resistors are connected in parallel. If R1 = R2 = R3 = 90 KΩ and R4= R5 = 30 KΩ, find the total voltage and
the currents in all the resistors if the main line current is 10 mA.

R123 = R/n = 90/3 = 30 KΩ I1= V1/R1, I2 =V2/R2, I3 = V3/R3 all V are equal since it is a
parallel circuit
V1 = V2 = V3 = V4 = V5 = 100 V

R45 = R/n = 30/2 = 15 KΩ I1 =I2 = I3 = 100/90000 = 1.11 mA

-
RT = R123 x R45 = 30 x 15 = 10 KΩ I4 = V/R4, I5 = V/R5
R123 + R45 30 + 15 I4= I5 = 100/ 30000 = 3.34 mA

VT = IT x RT = 0.01 x 10000 = 100 V

 Applications and troubleshooting of parallel circuit
ECE 1-4 Sample Problem No.5: Answer Sample Problem No. 5:

VR1 = VR2 = VR3 = 9 V

IR1 = 30 mA
IR2 = 18 mA
IR3 = 12.857 mA
IT = 60.857 mA

-
 SERIES- parallel CIRCUIT
ECE 1-5 Problem No. 3

An 1800-W toaster, a 1400-W electric frying pan, and a 75-W lamp are plugged into the same outlet in a 15-A,
120-V circuit. (The three devices are in parallel when plugged into the same socket.).
(a) What current is drawn by each device?
(b) Will this combination blow the 15-A fuse?

Since it is a parallel circuit, all voltages in the loads are the same.
a) IT = PT / VT = 1800 / 120 = 15 A
IP = PP / VP = 1400 / 120 = 11.67 A
IL = PL / VL = 75 / 120 = 0.625 A

b) Yes, because the total current is 27.3 A, too high for the 15 A current rating of the fuse.

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/physics/chapter/21-1-resistors-in-series-and-parallel/
 Applications and troubleshooting of parallel circuit
Determine the condition of the LEDs in
Sample Problem No.5: the following situations:

a. All resistors are ok, LED On current =

10 mA
b. All resistors are ok, LED On current =
50 mA
c. R1 shorted, R2 ok, LED On current =
10 mA
d. R2 shorted, R1 ok, LED On current =
10 mA
e. All resistors shorted, LED On current
= 10 mA
f. R1open, R2 ok, LED On current =
10mA
- R2 open, R1 ok, LED On current =
g.
10mA
h. All resistors open, LED On current =
10mA
 Applications and troubleshooting of parallel circuit
Determine the condition of the LEDs in the
following situations:
Sample Problem No.5:
a. All resistors are ok, LED On current = 10
mA
All LEDs ON
b. All resistors are ok, LED On current = 50
mA
All LEDs OFF
c. R1 shorted, R2 ok, LED On current = 10
mA
LED 1 & 2 On, LED 3 OFF
d. R2 shorted, R1 ok, LED On current = 10
mA
LED 1 & 3 On, LED 2 OFF
e. All resistors shorted, LED On current = 10
mA
All LEDs ON
f. R1 open, R2 ok, LED On current = 10 mA
LED 1 & 3 On, LED 2 OFF
- g. R2 open, R1 ok, LED On current = 10 mA
LED 1 & 2 On, LED 3 OFF
h. All resistors open, LED On current = 10 mA
All LEDs OFF
 SERIES- parallel CIRCUIT
Problem No. 5

(a) Given a 48.0-V battery and 24.0-Ω and 96.0-Ω resistors, find the current and power for each when
connected in series. (b) Repeat when the resistances are in parallel.

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/physics/chapter/21-1-resistors-in-series-and-parallel/
 SERIES- parallel CIRCUIT
Seatwork No. 5

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/physics/chapter/21-1-resistors-in-series-and-parallel/
 SERIES- parallel CIRCUIT
Answer Seatwork No. 5

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/physics/chapter/21-1-resistors-in-series-and-parallel/
 SERIES- parallel CIRCUIT
Answer Seatwork No. 5

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/physics/chapter/21-1-resistors-in-series-and-parallel/
 SERIES- parallel CIRCUIT
Seatwork No. 6

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/physics/chapter/21-1-resistors-in-series-and-parallel/
 SERIES- parallel CIRCUIT
Answer Seatwork No. 6

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/physics/chapter/21-1-resistors-in-series-and-parallel/
 SERIES- parallel CIRCUIT
Answer Seatwork No. 6

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/physics/chapter/21-1-resistors-in-series-and-parallel/
Assessment
1-3 Which circuits are series ? A, C, F
4-6 Which circuits are parallel ? E
7 Which circuit is a voltage divider circuit? series
8 Which is a current divider circuit? parallel
9 Which circuit has the same current in all parts ? series
10 Which circuit has the same voltage in all branches? parallel
Problem Copy and draw the schematic diagrams. Solutions are required. No unit wrong, wrong unit
wrong.
2. Three resistors are in series, R2 is twice of R1 and R3 is ½ of R2. Find the values of the resistors if the
equivalent resistance of the circuit is 120 ohms. R1 = 30 Ω, R2= 60 Ω, R3 = 30 Ω
3. A three-branch parallel circuit has the following parameters, I T = 20 mA, I1 = 12 mA , R2 = 2 KΩ, V3 =
12 volts. Find R1 and R3. R1 = 1KΩ, R3 = 6 KΩ