MODULE 2

Different Forms of
Technical Writing
 LESSON 1
Basic Assumptions in Technical Writing

OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
 differentiate writing for work over writing for school and in
education over practicality in workplace;
 LESSON 1
Basic Assumptions in Technical Writing

 Writing for Work vs. Writing for School

Writing for work and writing for school differ in several key aspects. Here are the main
distinctions:

1
Purpose: In school, writing assignments are primarily focused on
demonstrating knowledge and understanding of a subject. The goal is to
fulfill academic requirements and receive a grade. In contrast, writing for
work serves practical purposes such as conveying information, making
proposals, or solving problems within a professional context.
2
Audience: School assignments are typically written for instructors or professors
who have expertise in the subject matter. They expect a certain level of analysis
and may provide feedback for improvement. In a work setting, writing is often
directed towards colleagues, clients, or superiors who may have varying levels
of familiarity with the topic. The emphasis is on clear communication and
providing relevant information to the intended audience.

3
Structure: Academic writing often follows a specific structure, such as
introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. It emphasizes building
arguments and supporting them with evidence. In contrast, work-related writing
tends to be more concise and direct. The main point is usually presented at the
beginning, without extensive background information or lengthy explanations.
The structure may vary depending on the specific document or purpose, but the
focus is on delivering information efficiently.
4
Tone and Style: Academic writing often employs a formal and objective tone,
avoiding personal opinions or subjective language. Work-related writing can
vary in tone depending on the audience and purpose. It can range from
formal to more conversational, depending on the corporate culture and the
nature of the communication. It may also include specific jargon or technical
terms relevant to the field.

5
Revision and Feedback: In academia, the opportunity for revision is often
limited, and grades are assigned based on the initial submission. In contrast,
in the workplace, revisions are common, and feedback is an integral part of
the writing process. Colleagues or supervisors may provide input and
suggest changes to improve the clarity, effectiveness, or professionalism of
the document.
 Education vs. Practicality

Education and practicality play distinct roles in writing. In an educational

setting, writing serves the purpose of demonstrating knowledge and proving
understanding. Teachers expect comprehensive writing that covers all relevant
information. Omissions may be interpreted as a lack of knowledge.

Conversely, writing in the workplace serves a practical purpose. The intended

audience consists of coworkers and clients who rely on the written content as a guide.
Practical writing should be clear, concise, and focused. By providing essential
information only, writers help readers achieve their goals without becoming frustrated or
overwhelmed. Writing for practical purposes prioritizes clarity and usefulness over
exhaustive coverage.
 Relationships Between People

In academic writing, the communication relationship is primarily between the

student and the professor, resulting in a more direct approach. The social dynamics are
limited as the assignment is focused on fulfilling the requirements of the professor.
However, in technical writing for business, the writer realizes that they are engaging
with a diverse range of individuals. This includes relationships between employees and
employers, suppliers and customers, and coworkers. In the workplace, one may
experience competition with others or collaborate with them on various projects. The
dynamics of these relationships add complexity and variety to the writing process in a
professional setting.
 Use of Graphics
Graphics in technical writing are not only encouraged, they are mandatory. A colorful
graphic can be highly convincing when you’re presenting something, especially if it gets the
point across visually.

Some examples of graphics are:

1. Tables 2. Charts 3. Photographs 4. Graphs 5. Drawings 6. Symbols

Not only are graphics visually appealing, but they also make a presentation easy to
navigate. Usually, they are discouraged in school papers. In the business field, visuals can be the
determining factor in getting a job, securing a deal, or impressing the boss. However, when
using graphics, make sure they are appropriate and related to the topic. It is very unprofessional
to send inappropriate graphics to your work force, and it may cause confusion if the graphics do
not relate to your topic. Graphics are used to enhance the document, not take away from it.
 Teamwork
Many schools are starting to encourage writing in groups to
get a sense of the teamwork that you will experience in the
workplace. Collaboration at the office is common; even if you
aren’t part of a team, you might still consult co-workers and
readers. You may also submit drafts that are constantly being
revised.
 Conventions and Culture
Another assumption you may have about technical writing is that it
almost never changes. But if you look at the word “technical” as it relates to
“technology,” you may find that technology is always changing. That is why
before you can become a successful technical writer, you must learn about
your organization’s style and about the social and political factors of your
writing.

Your Company’s Style: Technical writing is not a constant. Each company has its
own way of promoting itself, from a liberal and casual style to a conservative and formal
style. You will need to adjust your writing based on how the company wants you to
represent it.
 Conventions and Culture

Cross-Cultural Communication: The assumption many technical writers

make, thinking that the writing standards used in their local company should apply
universally is a mistake, and even if it's unconscious, it can be offensive. The author
discusses how cross-cultural communication can be challenging due to different traps,
like language nuances and metaphors. Writing in simpler language and avoiding complex
sentences is crucial to avoid misinterpretations. When writing for a different audience, it's
essential never to assume that they'll understand everything. Editing your work shows
you are committed to making your message clear to the audience.
  Potential Complications
If you choose to be a technical writer, you will face many complications (potentially). For
the most part, they have to do with a changing world, changing beliefs, and changing
cultures.

Technology: Technology is crucial in technical writing because writers create various

materials like guides, instructions, policies, and training materials. In the digital age, our
reliance on machines is increasing, and the types of machines keep changing frequently.
Technical writers need to anticipate questions and problems, which can be challenging
due to ever-changing technology.

Ethics: play a significant role in technical writing. Workplaces often have ethics codes,
though their enforcement may vary. Ethics is not always straightforward and can be
subject to disagreement, which can complicate technical writing in certain situations.
  Potential Complications
If you choose to be a technical writer, you will face many complications (potentially). For
the most part, they have to do with a changing world, changing beliefs, and changing
cultures.

Working in Teams: Working in teams is common for technical writers. While

disagreements may arise, collaborative editing with team members is essential for better
results. Embrace this aspect as it's a regular part of your professional life.

Losing Focus of Your Goal: Remember, when it comes to technical writing, the more
concise and understandable your text is, the better. You may tend to wander off topic if
you’ve been working on a project for a long time, but this can severely damage your end
result. Keep focused and remember to leave any shred of an opinion out of your work.
 GROUP ACTIVITY
1. In your own understanding, perspective, and/or experience (if you
already have), what else do you think would be different writing for school
and writing for work (especially in your field of specialization)?

What do you think is the importance of learning the difference

between the two?

2. Write a reflection about the importance of learning the basic

assumptions and potential complications in Technical Writing.
 LESSON 2
Basics of Research Writing
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

 define concepts of research;

 recognize the parts of research;
 reflect on the importance of citing properly; and
 plan and present a research proposal.
 LESSON 2
Basics of Research Writing
 Introduction to Research Paper
The word “research” is derived from the French word ‘recherche’ which means to go back and
search closely. Thus, the literal meaning of research is to go back and search closely.

Research is a systematic inquiry process that includes data gathering, documentation of

information, analysis, and interpretation of that data and information in accordance with
appropriate procedures established by particular academic and professional disciplines.

It is the careful/detailed study or investigation regarding a particular subject using scientific

methods. Simply, research is the process of seeking out knowledge in a systematic way. The purpose
of the research is to conduct a study based on the collected and analyzed data. It shows or describes the
real cause behind a particular issue or concern.
 Characteristics of Research

1. Systematic and organized: Research follows a structured and

methodical approach, employing a systematic process to gather and
analyze information.

2. Empirical: Research is based on evidence obtained through

observation, experimentation, or data analysis, rather than relying solely
on personal opinions or beliefs.

3. Objective: Research aims to remain unbiased and impartial, focusing on

facts and evidence rather than subjective judgments or preferences.
  Characteristics of Research
4. Replicable: Research should be replicable, meaning that the study can be
repeated by others using the same methodology to verify or challenge the
findings.

5. Rigorous and valid: Research should adhere to rigorous standards to ensure

the validity and reliability of the results. This includes using appropriate
research designs, data collection methods, and statistical analyses.

6. Ethical: Research should be conducted with ethical considerations,

respecting the rights and well-being of participants and adhering to ethical
guidelines and regulations.
  Characteristics of Research
7. Cumulative: Research builds upon existing knowledge and contributes to the collective
understanding of a subject or field. It should acknowledge and reference previous studies to establish
the context and foundation for new research.

8. Objective-driven: Research is driven by specific objectives or research questions, aiming to address

gaps in knowledge, solve problems, or contribute to theory development.

9. Analytical and critical: Research involves analytical thinking and critical evaluation of data,
theories, and interpretations. It requires the ability to draw meaningful conclusions and implications
from the findings.

10. Transparent and accountable: Research should be transparent in its methods, procedures, and
reporting, allowing others to assess the reliability and validity of the study. Researchers should be
accountable for their work and be open to scrutiny and peer review.
 Roles of a Researcher

As a researcher, one can play the role of a

principal investigator, a member of a research
team, an identifier of researchable problems, an
evaluator of research findings, a user of
research or client advocate findings, a patient
during study, and a subject/respondent/
participant.
 Importance of Research

"Research is crucial in generating new

knowledge, deepening our understanding of
phenomena, informing decision-making processes,
advancing professional practices, and driving societal
and economic development" (Flick, 2018, p. 1).

Flick, U. (2018). An Introduction to Qualitative Research (6th

ed.). SAGE Publications.
 Goals of Research

According to Creswell (2014), the goals of research can be summarized as follows:

Exploration: Research aims to explore new areas, topics, or phenomena, often with the
goal of generating new knowledge and understanding.

Description: Research seeks to describe and document phenomena, events, or

variables, providing a comprehensive and detailed account of their characteristics.

Explanation: Research aims to uncover causal relationships, determine the factors that
influence outcomes, and provide explanations for observed phenomena.
 Goals of Research
According to Creswell (2014), the goals of research can be summarized as follows:

Prediction: Research endeavors to develop models or theories that can predict future
outcomes or behavior based on established patterns and relationships.

Control: Research seeks to establish effective interventions, strategies, or policies to

exert control over variables or phenomena, with the goal of influencing desired
outcomes.

Application: Research aims to produce knowledge and findings that have practical
applications and can be used to address real-world problems, inform decision-making,
and improve practices.
 Outline of the Research Paper
 Outline of the Research Paper
 Outline of the Research Paper

 Example the Research Paper

 Writing Abstracts
 Definition
The abstract is a concise summary of the main points
and findings of the research paper. It should be written in
a single paragraph and should not exceed 250 words. The
abstract should provide a clear overview of the study,
including the research problem, methods, key results, and
conclusions.
 Importance of a Good Abstract

The abstract allows you to elaborate upon each major

aspect of the paper and helps readers decide whether they
want to read the rest of the paper. Therefore, enough key
information [e.g., summary results, observations, trends,
etc.] must be included to make the abstract useful to
someone who may want to examine your work.
 Purpose of an Abstract

It serves two main purposes:

o To help potential readers determine the relevance of your

paper for their own research.
o To communicate your key findings to those who don’t have
time to read the whole paper.

Abstracts are often indexed along with keywords on academic

databases, so they make your work more easily findable.
 How do you know when you have enough information in your
abstract?

A simple rule-of-thumb is to imagine that you are

another researcher doing a similar study. Then ask
yourself: if your abstract was the only part of the paper
you could access, would you be happy with the amount of
information presented there? Does it tell the whole story
about your study? If the answer is "no" then the abstract
likely needs to be revised.
 Writing Style

Use the active voice when possible, but note that

much of your abstract may require passive sentence
constructions. Regardless, write your abstract using
concise, but complete, sentences. Get to the point quickly
and always use the past tense because you are reporting on
a study that has been completed.
 Can you cite sources in an abstract?

Avoid citing sources in your abstract. There are two reasons for this:

o The abstract should focus on your original research, not on the work of others.
o The abstract should be self-contained and fully understandable without reference to
other sources.

There are some circumstances where you might need to mention other sources in an
abstract: for example, if your research responds directly to another study or focuses on
the work of a single theorist. In general, though, don’t include citations unless
absolutely necessary.
 Abstract Content
The abstract addresses the following
(usually 1–2 sentences per topic):

• key aspects of the literature review

• problem under investigation or research
question(s)
• clearly stated hypothesis or hypotheses
• methods used (including brief descriptions of the
study design, sample, and sample size)
• study results
• implications (i.e., why this study is important,
applications of the results or findings)
 Abstract Format
• recommended fonts: 11-point Calibri, 11-point
Arial, 10-point Lucida Sans Unicode, 12-point
Times New Roman, 11-point Georgia, or 10-point
Computer Modern2
• 1-in. margins on all sides
• placement: second page of the paper
• section label: “Abstract”
° centered and in bold
° written on the first line of the page
• text:
° one line below the section label
° not indented and written as a single paragraph
° double-spaced
o Limit the length to 250 words.
 KEYWORDS

Keywords need to be descriptive and capture

the most important aspects of your paper. They
are used for indexing in databases and as
search terms for readers. Include three to five
words, phrases, or acronyms as keywords.
 Keywords Content

Keywords address essential paper elements, such as

the following:
• research topic
• population
• method
• application of results or findings
 Keywords Format
recommended fonts: 11-point Calibri, 11-point
Arial, 10-point Lucida Sans Unicode, 12-point
Times New Roman, 11-point Georgia, or 10-point
Computer Modern (see Footnote 2)
• placement: second page of paper
• written one line below the abstract
• label: “Keywords:”
° indented (like a regular paragraph)
° italic (but not bold)
• text:
° written on the same line as and one space after
the label
° lowercased (but capitalize proper nouns)
° not italic or bold
° each keyword separated by a comma and a space
° no ending punctuation after the final keyword
° listed in any order (not necessarily alphabetical)
° if the keywords run onto a second line, double-space the two lines and do not indent the
second line
 Sample Abstract 1
 Sample Abstract 2
 Writing Research Proposal
 Definition
A proposal is a document that outlines a project the organization or
department wants to undertake. It is like a blueprint for the project and
includes key components that give the reader a clear understanding of what
is to be done, how much it will cost, how it will be accomplished and by
when. Proposals make ask for funding or they may be for approval from
the administration of the organization. Either way, proposals both seek to
inform and persuade.
 Outline of a Research Proposal

Document – Outline of a Research Proposal

https://youtu.be/166FXhGd9T4

https://youtu.be/Hs5qVavUjwI
 Lesson 3
Writing Feasibility Report
 Objectives:

- Define feasibility study

- Recognize the parts of feasibility study
- Value the importance of feasibility study
 Lesson 3
Writing Feasibility Report
 Definition
A feasibility study is a way to evaluate the
practicality and desirability of a project. Before a
company invests time and money into a project, they need
to know how successful the project will be before
investing. Sometimes companies want to understand input
costs, the amount of research that will need to be done, or
even the marketability of a project.
 Writing Feasibility Report
 Definition
A feasibility study is made to determine whether or not a project is likely to succeed, or will be
economically viable. No once constructs a house without making a plan or design and an
estimate of the cost of materials and labor. Most companies hire experts to conduct a feasibility
study before launching big-scale projects.

Several components comprise a feasibility study:

1) the plan
2) the cost
3) source of funding
4) the man power/personnel
5) the market
6) profitability.
 Writing Feasibility Report
 The Plan
The project, including the rationale, has to be described in detail. A sketch should accompany the
description if necessary. This section should answer the questions: 1) What? 2) Why? 3) How? It
should also include a time frame – the approximate time needed to complete the project.

The plan could be putting up a printing press. What equipment/facilities are needed? An offset machine,
a letter press, a camera, a computer, a dark room, a stripping room, etc. Why is there a need for a
printing press? This is just the justification of the project. If the proponent is a school official, he can cite
the need for a school press to take care of the printing of books, the school organ, the yearbook, receipts,
enrolment forms, etc. How is the printing to be set up? The proponent can submit preliminary inquiries
on successful school printing presses and on availability of equipment/facilities needed as well as the
space for the printing press.
 Writing Feasibility Report
 The Cost
The estimated cost of the equipment and facilities entails a canvassing of the market.
What models are available and where? Are they second hand or brand new?

 Source of Funding
If there is a provision in the school or company budget, the approval of the project is 50
percent sure.

If there is no allocation for the project, or if the allocation is not sufficient, is there a
possibility of getting loans from a bank? How much is the interest? Would the income from the project be able
to pay amortization on the loans when they are due?

One other source of funding is grants from funding agencies. However, if the project is
strictly a commercial venture, this source of funds is not to be considered at all.
Still another source is fund drives, usually resorted to by church and charitable organizations.
 Writing Feasibility Report

 Manpower or Personnel
How many persons are needed for the project? What are their job titles and job
descriptions? What salary is recommended for each? If the job is highly technical, has
the proponent scouted around for such technical people? If no technical people are
available, is there a possibility of training them here or abroad? A time table for the
recruitment of personnel is advisable and helpful.
 Writing Feasibility Report
 The Market
To whom will the commercial venture cater? Will there be enough clients or customers?
This component of the feasibility study should be supported by a survey. The viability
of the projects rests primarily on the stability of the market.

 Profitability
The acceptability of the project will depend on whether or not it is profitable to be
undertaken. Economic profitability will call for a certain amount of return (10 to 20%)
on investment. If the project is not a commercial venture, there is a need to discuss how
the project will benefit a community or a specific group of people.
Writing Feasibility Report
 LESSON 4
Making and Delivering Research
Presentation
 Objectives

- Recognize different communication tools in making presentation

- Apply the guidelines in making and delivering presentations
 LESSON 4
Making and Delivering Research
Presentation
 COMMUNICATION AIDS AND TOOLS
Microsoft PowerPoint, and other web-based or online presentations are some of the tools popular in today’s
generation. These aids are valuable for speakers – amateur or professionals – because they can help you enthral your
audiences and make them understand and appreciate more your conveyed message. Indeed, they can help you build
your credibility and boost your confidence. However, if you do not know how to use them effectively, they can ruin
your presentations.
MICROSOFT POWERPOINT (http://office.microsoft.com/en-au/powerpoint/) has been known as the most
popular software since its launch 25 years ago. Its popularity can be attributed to its features which are very easy to
use. Microsoft provides tutorials which can be accessed through
http://office.microsoft.com/en-001/powerpoint-help/create-your-first-presentation-RZ001129842.aspx or
http://office.microsoft.com/en-001/?CTT=97. Another option is to look for more online resources that aid you get
started with PowerPoint.
COMMUNICATION AIDS AND TOOLS
 LESSON 4
Making and Delivering Research
Presentation

 Crafting Research Presentation

When creating visual aids or PowerPoint presentations for
research presentations, it's important to effectively convey
information and enhance audience understanding. Here are
some tips, along with a citation for further reference:
 Keep it Simple:
o Use clean and uncluttered slide designs.
o Limit text to key points or concise statements.
o Avoid excessive bullet points or lengthy paragraphs.

 Visual Appeal:

o Use visually appealing graphics, charts, or images to support your

content.
o Ensure visuals are relevant and enhance understanding.
o Choose a consistent color scheme and font style for a professional
look.
 Visual Hierarchy:
o Emphasize important information using font size, color, or bold/italic
formatting.
o Use headings and subheadings to create a clear structure.
o Arrange content in a logical sequence for easy comprehension.

 Limited Text:
o Use bullet points or short phrases instead of full sentences.
o Present key ideas or keywords rather than detailed explanations.
o Use the presentation as a visual aid to supplement your oral
presentation.
 Slide Design:
o Use a clean and uncluttered design with a consistent color scheme and
font style.
o Ensure text and visuals are easily readable from a distance.
o Limit the number of slides to keep the presentation focused and concise.

 Slide Structure:
o Use a clear and logical structure with headings, subheadings, and
bullet points.
o Keep text on each slide concise and avoid overcrowding.
o Use consistent formatting for headings, text, and bullet points
throughout the presentation.
 Data Visualization:
o Utilize charts, graphs, or infographics to present data.
o Choose the appropriate visualization type based on the nature of your
data.
o Ensure that data visuals are clear, labeled, and easy to interpret.

 Consistency:
o Maintain a consistent design style throughout the presentation.
o Use consistent fonts, colors, and formatting for a cohesive look.
o Ensure that slide transitions and animations are used sparingly and
purposefully.
 Transitions and Animations:
o Use slide transitions and animations sparingly and purposefully.
o Avoid excessive or distracting animations that can detract from the content.
o Ensure that transitions and animations enhance the visual flow of the
presentation.

 Font and Font Size:

o Use a legible font type, such as Arial or Calibri.
o Choose an appropriate font size that is easy to read from a distance (e.g., 24-32
points for body text).
o Use larger font sizes for headings or important information.
 LESSON 4
Making and Delivering Research
Presentation
 Delivering Research Presentation
When delivering a research proposal, it is important to effectively
communicate your ideas and convince your audience of the
significance and feasibility of your proposed research. Here are
some tips and guidelines for delivering a research proposal
presentation, along with a citation for further reference:
 Introduction:
o Start with a clear and concise introduction to grab the audience's
attention.
o Clearly state the research problem or question and its importance.
o Provide a brief overview of your research objectives and methodology.

 Structure and Organization:

o Organize your presentation into sections that flow logically.
o Use headings and subheadings to guide your audience through the proposal.
o Clearly outline the key components, such as the research problem, objectives,
methodology, and expected outcomes.
 Background and Literature Review:
o Provide background information to establish the context and relevance
of your research.
o Summarize the key findings from relevant literature to support the
rationale for your research.

 Research Objectives and Questions:

o Clearly state the specific objectives or aims of your research.
o Present the research questions or hypotheses you will address.
 Methodology:
o Describe your research design, including the approach (qualitative,
quantitative, or mixed methods), data collection methods, and data
analysis techniques.
o Justify why your chosen methodology is appropriate for addressing the
research problem.

 Significance and Expected Outcomes:

o Discuss the potential significance and impact of your research.
o Highlight how your findings may contribute to theory, practice, or
policy.
 Timeline and Feasibility:
o Present a realistic timeline for conducting your research.
o Discuss the feasibility of your proposed research plan, considering
resources, constraints, and potential challenges.

 Visual Aids:
o Utilize visual aids, such as slides or charts, to support and enhance
your presentation.
o Use visuals to clarify complex ideas, present data, or illustrate key
points.
 Practice and Rehearsal:
o Practice your presentation multiple times to build confidence and
ensure smooth delivery.
o Time yourself to stay within the allotted presentation time.
o Rehearse in front of a mirror, friends, or colleagues to receive feedback
and make improvements.

 Q&A Session:
o Prepare for potential questions by anticipating areas of
inquiry.
o Listen attentively to questions and provide clear and
concise responses.
  Noteworthy for the Presenter

o When delivering a research proposal, the presenter's

confidence, posture, and overall presentation skills
play a crucial role in engaging the audience and
effectively conveying the research. Here are some tips
and guidelines for delivering a research proposal
presentation:
 Confidence:
o Project confidence by maintaining a calm and composed demeanor.
o Believe in the importance and value of your research, which will help
boost your confidence.
o Practice your presentation thoroughly to become familiar with the
content and delivery.

 Posture and Body Language:

o Stand tall with an upright posture, demonstrating a confident and
professional presence.
o Use natural and purposeful gestures to emphasize key points and
maintain audience engagement.
o Maintain eye contact with the audience to establish a connection and
convey credibility.
 Voice and Speech:
o Speak clearly and enunciate words to ensure that the audience can
understand you.
o Vary your tone, pitch, and pace to add emphasis and maintain audience
interest.
o Use pauses strategically to allow the audience to digest information
and create impact.
 Stay Focused and Organized:
o Structure your presentation in a logical and organized manner,
following a clear outline.
o Maintain focus on the research proposal's main objectives,
methodology, and expected outcomes.
o Avoid going off-topic or providing excessive background information
that may distract from the core content.
 Thoroughly Understand Your Research:
o Have a deep understanding of your research topic, objectives,
methodology, and expected outcomes.
o Familiarize yourself with relevant literature and theoretical
frameworks.
o Be prepared to answer questions or provide clarifications regarding
your research.
 Create a Backup Plan:
o Prepare a backup of your presentation files, either on a USB drive, cloud storage,
or another device.
o Check the compatibility of your presentation files with the venue's equipment in
advance.
o Have a contingency plan in case of technical difficulties, such as having printed
copies of your slides or presenting without visual aids if necessary.
  YOUR TASK 1: Comprehension Check

Directions: Identify what the statement pertains.

1. It is the process of seeking out

knowledge in a systematic way.
  YOUR TASK 1: Comprehension Check

Directions: Identify what the statement pertains.

2. The characteristic of research of research

that requires it to be structured and using
methodical approach.
  YOUR TASK 1: Comprehension Check

Directions: Identify what the statement pertains.

3. The characteristic of research that

requires it to be based on evidence obtained
through observation, experimentation, or
data analysis
  YOUR TASK 1: Comprehension Check

Directions: Identify what the statement pertains.

4. The characteristic of research that

requires it to remain unbiased and impartial.
  YOUR TASK 1: Comprehension Check

Directions: Identify what the statement pertains.

5. The characteristic of research that requires it to be

repeated by others using the same methodology to
verify or challenge the findings.
  YOUR TASK 1: Comprehension Check

Directions: Identify what the statement pertains.

6. The characteristic of research that requires it to

build upon existing knowledge and contributes to the
collective understanding of a subject or field.
  YOUR TASK 1: Comprehension Check

Directions: Give what is asked.

7. Give at least one role of a researcher.

  YOUR TASK 1: Comprehension Check

Directions: Identify what the statement pertains.

8. It is a concise summary of the main

points and findings of the research paper.
  YOUR TASK 1: Comprehension Check

Directions: Identify what the statement pertains.

9. It is used for indexing research in

databases and as search terms for readers.
  YOUR TASK 1: Comprehension Check

Directions: Perform what is asked.

10. Format this source through parenthetical

citation:

Author: Dela Cruz

Year of Publication: 2020
  YOUR TASK 1: Comprehension Check

Directions: Perform what is asked.

11. Format this source through narrative

citation:

Author: Johanssen
Year of Publication: 2022
  YOUR TASK 1: Comprehension Check

Directions: Identify what the statement pertains.

12. It is a way to evaluate the practicality

and desirability of a project.
  YOUR TASK 1: Comprehension Check

Directions: Identify what the statement asks.

13-15. “The Plan” should answer the

questions?
  YOUR TASK 1: Comprehension Check

Directions: Identify what the statement pertains.

16. It entails a canvassing of the market.

  YOUR TASK 1: Comprehension Check

Directions: Identify what the statement pertains.

17. It entails if there is allocation for the

project.
  YOUR TASK 1: Comprehension Check

Directions: Identify what the statement pertains.

18. It entails the recruitment of the prospect

workers.
  YOUR TASK 1: Comprehension Check

Directions: Identify what the statement pertains.

19. It entails to whom will the commercial

venture cater and if there be enough clients
or customers.
  YOUR TASK 1: Comprehension Check

Directions: Identify what the statement pertains.

20. It entails the acceptability of the project

that talks about possible ROI and earnings.
  YOUR TASK 1: Comprehension Check

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is true

and FALSE if otherwise.

21. Background color and text

color should be the same.
  YOUR TASK 1: Comprehension Check

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is true

and FALSE if otherwise.

22. Both PowerPoint and other online

presentation tools enhance retention of
your listeners.
  YOUR TASK 1: Comprehension Check

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is true

and FALSE if otherwise.

23. There are several online supports that can

aid you in creating an effective presentation
tool.
  YOUR TASK 1: Comprehension Check

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is true

and FALSE if otherwise.

24. Limited number of slides is recommended to

maintain the attention of your audience.
  YOUR TASK 1: Comprehension Check

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is true

and FALSE if otherwise.

25. Using any presentation tool can help your

audience appreciate and retain what you have
conveyed to them.
  YOUR TASK 1: Comprehension Check

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is true

and FALSE if otherwise.

26. Fancy texts and fonts are better.

  YOUR TASK 1: Comprehension Check

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is true

and FALSE if otherwise.

27. Keep your text simple by using

bullet points or long paragraphs.
  YOUR TASK 1: Comprehension Check

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is true

and FALSE if otherwise.

28. Make slide backgrounds subtle

and keep them everchanging.
  YOUR TASK 1: Comprehension Check

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is true

and FALSE if otherwise.

29. Use high contrast between

background color and text color.
  YOUR TASK 1: Comprehension Check

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is true

and FALSE if otherwise.

30. Use a legible font type, such as Arial or

Calibri and size like 28-36.
  YOUR TASK 2: Comprehension Check

Write the importance of each technical output in 1

sentence.
 Research
 Proposals
 Feasibility Study
 Abstract
 Presentation Materials/Visual Aids