Module 2

Introduction to GSM
Global System for Mobile (GSM) is a second generation cellular

standard developed to cater voice services and data delivery
using digital modulation
GSM History
GSM was Developed to replace the incompatible analog system
• GSM system evolved due to a desire by the European countries that allowed
roaming on an international basis.
• GSM have 124 duplex channels, each 200Khz wide, are used for FDMA.
• GSM offer data rates of up to 9.6Kbps and up to a speed of 250Km/hr
• Under ETSI(European Telecommunications Standards Institute), GSM is named

as ― Global System for Mobile communication
• Today many providers all over the world use GSM (more than 190 countries in
Asia, Africa, Europe, Australia, America)
GSM Developments
GSM 900
• Mobile to BTS (uplink): 890-915 Mhz
• BTS to Mobile(downlink):935-960 Mhz
GSM 1800 (DCS – Digital Cellular System)

• BTS to Mobile(downlink) 1805-1880 Mhz
GSM 1900 (PCS – Personal Communication Service)

• BTS to Mobile(downlink) 1930-1990 Mhz
Mobile Services
• The first generation analog cellular systems were designed for
basic voice services. Data services for fax or circuit switched data
transmission using a voice band modem known as “overlay”
services that ran on top of the voice service.
• The second generation GSM cellular system was designed to be an
integrated wireless voice-data service network that offered several
other services beyond just voice telephone service.
The type of services offered by GSM network were classified as
• Tele-services
• Bearer or Data Services
• Supplementary services
Relationship of teleservices and bearer services to the GSM system
Network
1. GSM Identities
To switch a call to a mobile subscriber, the right identities need to be involved. It is therefore
important to address them correctly. Followings are those identities;
Mobile Station ISDN Number (MSISDN)
The MSISDN is a number, which uniquely identifies a mobile telephone subscription in the
public switched telephone network numbering plan. These are the digits dialed when calling
a mobile subscriber.
The MSISDN is consisted with followings;
 Country Code (CC)

 National Destination Code (NDC)
 Subscriber Number (SN)
MSISDN = CC + NDC + SN
2. International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)
The IMSI is a unique identity allocated to each subscriber to allow correct identification
over the radio path and through the network and is used for all signaling in the PLMN.
All network-related subscriber information is connected to the IMSI. The IMSI is stored
in the SIM, as well as in the HLR and in the serving VLR.
The IMSI is consisted with followings;
 Mobile Country Code (MCC)

 Mobile Network Code (MNC)
 Mobile Subscriber Identification Number (MSIN )
IMSI = MCC + MNC + MSIN
3. Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI)
The TMSI is a temporary number used instead of IMSI to identify an MS. The TMSI is
used for the subscriber’s confidentiality on the air interface. The TMSI has only local
significance (that is, within the MSC/VLR area) and is changed at certain events or time
intervals.
4. International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI)
The IMEI is used for equipment identification and uniquely identifies a MS as a piece or assembly of equipment.
The IMEI is consisted with followings;
 Type Approval Code (TAC), determined by a central GSM body

 Final Assembly Code (FAC), identifies the manufacture
 Serial Number (SNR), uniquely identifies all equipment within each TAC & FAC
 Spare, a spare bit for future use.
IMEI = TAC + FAC + SNR + Spare
5. Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN)
A MSRN is used during the call setup phase for mobile terminating calls. Each mobile terminating call enters the GMSC
in the PLMN. The call is then re-routed by the GMSC, to the MSC where the called mobile subscriber is located. For this
purpose MSRN is allocated by the MSC and provided to the GMSC.
The MSRN is consisted with followings;
 Country Code (CC)

 National Destination Code (NDC)
 Subscriber Number (SN)
MSRN = CC + NDC + SN
6. Location Area Identity (LAI)
The LAI is used for paging, to indicate to the MSC in

which Location Area (LA) the MS is currently situated
and also for location updating of mobile subscribers.
The LAI is consisted with followings;

 Location Area Code (LAC)
LAI = MCC + MNC + LAC

7. Cell Global Identity (CGI)
Each cell is identified by cell identity (CI). A CI is unique within a location area (LA).
CGI is consisted with following;

 Location Area Code (LAC)
 Cell Identity (CI)
CGI = MCC + MNC + LAC + CI
8. Base Station Identification Code (BSIC)
In GSM, the mobile station uses BSIC to distinguish between neighboring base station.
The BSIC is consisted with
 Network Colour Code (NCC)

 Base Transceiver Colour Code (BCC).

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Introduction to GSM

Global System for Mobile (GSM) is a second generation cellular

• GSM offer data rates of up to 9.6Kbps and up to a speed of 250Km/hr

• Under ETSI(European Telecommunications Standards Institute), GSM is named

GSM 1800 (DCS – Digital Cellular System)

GSM 1900 (PCS – Personal Communication Service)

Mobile Station ISDN Number (MSISDN)

The MSISDN is consisted with followings;

 Country Code (CC)

The IMSI is consisted with followings;

 Mobile Country Code (MCC)

IMSI = MCC + MNC + MSIN

3. Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI)

The IMEI is consisted with followings;

 Type Approval Code (TAC), determined by a central GSM body

IMEI = TAC + FAC + SNR + Spare

5. Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN)

The MSRN is consisted with followings;

 Country Code (CC)

The LAI is used for paging, to indicate to the MSC in

The LAI is consisted with followings;

 Mobile Country Code (MCC)

LAI = MCC + MNC + LAC

CGI is consisted with following;

 Mobile Country Code (MCC)

CGI = MCC + MNC + LAC + CI

8. Base Station Identification Code (BSIC)

The BSIC is consisted with

 Network Colour Code (NCC)

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