Soc 10-1 U2L4, Oct. 22
Soc 10-1 U2L4, Oct. 22
Soc 10-1 U2L4, Oct. 22
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THE BIRTH OF APARTHEID
In 1948, the Afrikaner National Party was able to gain a
strong majority in the government, which led to the
adoption of a series of laws to extend and ensure the
domination of whites over blacks in the country.
These laws were designed to segregate blacks from
whites and touched every aspect of social life.
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Race laws affected every aspect of life for South Africans.
It provided whites with access to the most privileged suburbs,
education, jobs and positions, even to the extent of exclusive
access to beaches, theatres, parks, bridges and public toilets.
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In 1958, the government separated black people from white
people by making blacks live on reserves, or ‘homelands’.
Many blacks also lived in shanty towns – overcrowded towns
full of poorly built shacks on the edges of cities.
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RESISTANCE AND REPRESSION
There were widespread attempts to protest against the
apartheid system in the 1950s.
The African National Congress (ANC) movement, which
was established in 1912 to oppose discrimination against
blacks, began developing more unified opposition, but
they faced various laws that gave the government
draconian powers to suppress opposition.
As large-scale anti-pass demonstrations and marches
broke out in Cape Town and elsewhere in 1960, a State of
Emergency was declared, and the ANC was banned.
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THE SILENT YEARS
In the 1960s the breadth of
apartheid laws and the power of the
police made it impossible to legally
protest against the system.
Opposition groups were banned and
many leaders were exiled or jailed.
Nelson Mandela was sentenced to
life in prison and sent to Robben
Island.
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SOWETO UPRISING
The shanty towns became centers for black groups who
resisted apartheid.
On June 16, 1976, between 15,000 and 20,000 students in
Soweto township began protesting a law that would force
students to learn certain subjects in the Afrikaan language.
They were also opposed the disparity in funding between white
and black students in South Africa.
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1,500 heavily armed police officers were deployed to Soweto on
June 17th armed with automatic rifles and stun guns.
The police opened fire on the unarmed students and killed
upwards of 500 people.
The official government figure was 23 dead.
The killings made headlines around the world and caused a storm
of protest against apartheid and the South African regime.
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THE END OF APARTHEID
In the 1980s, blacks increased their actions against the
apartheid government.
F.W. de Klerk was elected president of South Africa in
1989 with a commitment to reform.
International pressure led to the release of Nelson
Mandela from prison on February 11th, 1990 after 27
years imprisonment.
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In 1994, the first elections that allowed all South Africans to
vote—black and white—led to the election of Nelson Mandela
as president.
F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela shared the 1993 Nobel
Peace Prize for bringing about a ‘peaceful termination of the
apartheid regime, and laying the foundations for a new
democratic South Africa’.
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HOW EFFECTIVE HAVE ORGANIZATIONS RESPONDED TO
THE LEGACIES OF HISTORICAL GLOBALIZATION? (PAGES 202 -
205)
Foreign Aid –
GNI – amount of money earned by earned by everyone in a country
U2L4 Assignment & U2L4 Quiz due Monday, October 28.
SOURCE ANALYSIS OF CARTOONS
For source analysis, consider these 3 elements:
Context – what is happening in the cartoon?
Concepts:
Apartheid is legacy of historical globalization
Eurocentrism & imperialism/colonialism at the “root” of the
problem (scramble for Africa)
Perspective:
Even after the abolishment of apartheid, legacies of historical
globalization can have lasting effects on indigenous people
Underlying causes of hatred/discrimination must be resolved
QUESTIONS