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    Week 1 Algebraic Expressions - 2023 2024

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    Ashlie Jane
    This document provides information on performing operations on algebraic expressions, including: - Adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing polynomials with more than one variable - Special products involving squares, cubes, and differences of squares/cubes - Factoring techniques for greatest common factors, difference of squares, and trinomials - Example problems for each type of operation and factoring technique

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved

    Week 1 Algebraic Expressions - 2023 2024

    Uploaded by

    Ashlie Jane
    26 views15 pages
    This document provides information on performing operations on algebraic expressions, including: - Adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing polynomials with more than one variable - Special products involving squares, cubes, and differences of squares/cubes - Factoring techniques for greatest common factors, difference of squares, and trinomials - Example problems for each type of operation and factoring technique

    Original Description:

    Algebra lecture

    Original Title

    Week-1-Algebraic-Expressions_2023-2024

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    This document provides information on performing operations on algebraic expressions, including: - Adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing polynomials with more than one variable - Special products involving squares, cubes, and differences of squares/cubes - Factoring techniques for greatest common factors, difference of squares, and trinomials - Example problems for each type of operation and factoring technique

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    26 views15 pages

    Week 1 Algebraic Expressions - 2023 2024

    Uploaded by

    Ashlie Jane
    This document provides information on performing operations on algebraic expressions, including: - Adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing polynomials with more than one variable - Special products involving squares, cubes, and differences of squares/cubes - Factoring techniques for greatest common factors, difference of squares, and trinomials - Example problems for each type of operation and factoring technique

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    of 15

    Algebraic Expressions

    ECE
    Targeted Learning Outcome

    1. Demonstrate the operations for algebraic and rational expressions.

    Learning Objectives

    1. Perform the different operations for algebraic expressions.


    ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS
    Algebraic Expressions

    A polynomial in the variable x is an expression of the form,


    anxn + a n-1x n-1 + …. + a1x + a0
    Adding Polynomials with More Than One Variable – add like terms
    𝟐𝟕 𝒙𝒚𝒛 +𝟏𝟕 𝒚𝒛 +𝟓 𝒙𝒛 +𝟒𝟓 𝒙𝒚 +𝟑 𝒙𝒚𝒛 +𝟐𝟎 𝒙𝒛 +𝟕 𝒙𝒚 +𝟐 𝒚𝒛
    ¿ 𝟑𝟎 𝒙𝒚𝒛 +𝟏𝟗 𝒚𝒛+𝟐𝟓 𝒙𝒛 +𝟓𝟐 𝒙𝒚
    Subtracting Polynomials with More Than One Variable – subtract like terms
    𝟓𝟖𝒎𝒏𝒑+𝟐𝟑𝒏𝒑+𝟒𝟕𝒎𝒑 −𝟐𝟓𝒎𝒏− 𝟏𝟕𝒏𝒑 −𝟐𝟑𝒎𝒏𝒑 − 𝟓𝒎𝒏 −𝟐 𝒎𝒑
    ¿ 35 𝑚𝑛𝑝+ 6 𝑛𝑝+ 45𝑚𝑝 − 30 mn
    Multiplying Polynomials with More Than One Variable – distribute to each
    term and follow the rule of exponents
    2 3 5
    𝑚 𝑚 =¿𝑚
    ( 𝑥 3 𝑦 5 ) ( 𝑥 2 𝑦 5 𝑧 2 ) ( 𝑧 3 )=¿ 𝑥5 𝑦 10 𝑧 5
    ¿ 4
    ( ) 2 2 5 2 2 2 3
    (2 𝑟 ¿ 3 𝑠 ) 𝑟𝑠 +5 𝑟 𝑟 𝑠 −(3 𝑟 𝑠 )(2 𝑟 𝑠 )¿
    4 5 4 5 4 5
    ¿ 2 𝑟 𝑠 + 5 𝑟 𝑠 −6 𝑟 𝑠
    4 5
    ¿𝑟 𝑠
    Algebraic Expressions

    Multiplying Polynomials with More Than One Variable

    Special Products involving Squares

    a(x + y) = ax + ay (Distributive Law)


    (x + y)(x − y) = x2 − y2 (Difference of 2 squares)
    (x + y)2 = x2 + 2xy + y2 (Square of a sum)
    (x − y)2 = x2 − 2xy + y2 (Square of a difference)
    Note: (x2 - y2) ≠ (x – y)2
    Algebraic Expressions

    Multiplying Polynomials with More Than One Variable


    Special Products involving Cubes

    (x + y)3 = x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3 (Cube of a sum)

    (x − y)3 = x3 − 3x2y + 3xy2 − y3 (Cube of a difference)

    (x + y)(x2 − xy + y2) = x3 + y3 (Sum of 2 cubes)

    (x − y)(x2 + xy + y2) = x3 − y3 (Difference of 2 cubes)


    RULES OF EXPONENTS

    7 5 8
    𝑚 𝑛𝑝
    3 2 5
    =¿ 𝑚
    4
    𝑛
    3 3
    𝑝
    𝑚 𝑛 𝑝
    3 8 2 6
    𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑦
    =¿ 2 5
    5 2 7
    𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑥 𝑧
    Algebraic Expressions

    Dividing Polynomials with More Than One


    Variable E x a m p l e 5 4
    Problem 4𝑥 𝑦
    3
    Divide. 8 𝑥 𝑦 5

    ¿ 4 𝑥 𝑦
    5 4
    To m a k e it e a s i e r, y o u c a n
    b r e a k u p t h e c o e ff i c i e n t s
    a n d variables into n um er ic
    ¿ ( )( 3 ) ( ) a n d variable factors.
    8 𝑥 𝑦5
    ¿ 2
    Divide the coefficients, a n d
    divide the variables by
    subtracting the exponents
    𝑥 w i t h lik e b a s e s .
    ¿
    2𝑦
    ¿
    Rewrite with positive
    exponents.

    Answer

    T h e q u o t i e n t is .
    Algebraic Expressions

    Dividing Polynomials with More Than One


    Variable
    Example
    9 2 7 7 3
    Problem 36 𝑚 𝑛 −15 𝑚 𝑛 + 6 𝑚 𝑛
    ¿
    Divide. 3 𝑚𝑛
    To m a k e it e a s i e r, y o u
    ¿ c a n break the division
    out b y the t e r m s in the

    ( )( )
    3 polynomial since eac h
    3 6 𝑚9 𝑛2 15 𝑚𝑛 7 6 𝑚7 𝑛 t e r m is bei ng divided
    ¿ − +( ) b y 2 x 2 y.
    3 𝑚𝑛 3 𝑚𝑛 3 𝑚𝑛
    ¿ P e r f o r m t h e division of
    e a c h term b y dividing
    8 6 6 2 the and
    ¿ 12 𝑚 n −5 𝑛 + 2𝑚 𝑛 coefficients
    dividing the variables
    by the
    subtracting
    exponents of
    variables like

    with
    bases.
    Factoring

    Greatest Common Factor


    • find greatest factor common to every term
    Ex. 8x3 – 4x2 + 2x = 2x (4x2 – 2x
    Grouping + 1)
    • factors common to some of the terms
    Ex. 7xz + 42yz + 2x +12y 7z (=x + 6y) + 2( x + 6y)
    = (x + 6y ) ( 7z + 2)
    Difference in Two Squares
    • One of the binomials contains the sum of two terms and the other contains the
    difference of two terms.
    General Formula: a2 – b2 = (a – b)(a + b)
    Ex. 49m 2 – 36n4 = (7m – 6n2) (7m + 6n2)
    Difference of Cubes
    • the difference in two cubes means that there will be two terms and each will contain perfect
    cubes and the sign between the two terms will be negative
    General Formula: Sum of Cubes: a 3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 - ab + b2)
    Factoring

    Trinomials
    • trinomials factor to two binomials in product form
    • method of trial and error will be used to mentally determine the factors that satisfy
    the trinomial
    Ex.
    x2 – 2x – 35 = ( x – 7) ( x + 5)

    3y2 + 10y - 8 = ( y + 4 ) ( 3y – 2)
    EXERCISES
    • Perform the following operations: Factor the following:

    1. () 11. x2 – (r + s)x + rs
    2.
    12. 3ax + 6ay + 4x + 8y
    𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
    𝟑 . 𝟕 𝒙 𝒚 (𝟑 𝒙 + 𝟒 𝒙𝒚 −𝟖 𝒚 )
    13. 9x 2 – 16y4
    4. (3x + 2y)(3x – 2y)
    14. x2 – 4x – 12
    5. (5m + 2n)2
    15. 2y2 + 11y - 21
    6. (3s – 7t) 2

    7. (3a + b)3

    8. (4c – 3d)3
    𝟐 𝟑
    𝟑𝟑 𝒙 𝒚
    𝟗. 𝟑
    𝟏𝟏 𝒙 𝒚
    𝟖 𝟑 𝟔 𝟒 𝟒 𝟓
    𝟏𝟔 𝒙 𝒛 − 𝟒 𝒙 𝒛 +𝟔𝟒 𝒙 𝒛
    𝟏𝟎 .
    𝟒 𝒙𝒛
    PROBLEM SET 1
    A. Identify which property is applicable for the following equations.
    1.( 2y + 5x ) – 7z = 2y + ( 5x – 7z ) ________________________________
    2. 9x · 40 = 40 · 9x
    3 3
    ________________________________
    3. – 5 ( 9y + 8z ) = - 45y – 40z ________________________________
    4. y3 ( xy + x3y3 + x2y5) = xy4 + x3y6 + x2y8 ________________________________
    5. 89 x5z3 ( 1 ) = 89 x5z3 ________________________________
    B. Perform the following operations. Write your solution on the space provided for each number.
    6.(8a3b2+ 6a2b – 4b2 + 5) + (10a2b – 4a3b2 + 6a2 – 7)
    2. (10a3 + 5b2 – 5c + 10) – (15 + 5c – 15b2 + 10a3)
    3. (4a – 2b)(3ab2 - 5ab – 7b)
    4. Expand (2s + 3)3
    C. Factor the following. Write your solution on the space provided for each number.
    7.– 7 x4y2 + 14xy3 + 21xy4
    8.a2 – 36b2
    3. 1 + 1000y3

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