What is town planning

Basic Concepts

Prof. Reshma Praveen

Asst.Prof.
Dept. of Architecture
PDA College of Engineering
Gulbarga
 What is town planning
Definitions
Concept of Planning
Concept of town and town planning
Aim and Objectives of town planning
Principles of Town Planning
Necessity of Town Planning
Professions in Planning
Duties and powers of town planning officer
Individuality of the town
 Definitions
Town Planning is defined as ….
• The art and science of ordering the use of land and
siting of buildings and communication routes so as to
secure the maximum practicable degree of economy,
convenience and beauty
• An attempt to formulate the principles that should
guide us in creating a civilized physical background for
human life
• An attempt to formulate the principles that should
guide us foreseeing and guiding change
• Providing the right site, at right time, in right place, for
the right people
 Definitions
Town Planning is defined as ….

• It is allocation of the resources, particularly land, in

such a manner as to obtain maximum efficiency,
whilst paying heed to the nature of built
environment and the welfare of the community,
• Planning is the art of anticipating change, and
arbitrating between the economic, social, political,
and physical forces, that determine the location,
form, and effect of urban development
 Definition
• Town planning aims at securing a sensible and
acceptable blend of conservation and exploitation of
land,
• for human activities involving the process of
establishing the desires of community,
• formulating them in a manner that facilitates
comprehension and discussion,
• preparing a public and private investment,
• guiding the provision of public services, initiating
action where necessary,
• and continually examining the effect of the adopted
policy, making adjustments if required.
 Concept of planning
• Planning means pre-thinking and pre-
arranging things before an event takes place
so as to achieve good results in health,
convenience , comfort and happiness of all
living beings
• By careful planning we can eradicate the
mistakes of the past and be wiser in the future
 Concept of town and town planning

• Town is a place of Urban living.

(Urban means an environment in which natural
surroundings have been dominated by artificial or
manmade surroundings. As per census of India, a
place becomes Urban if it has
– > 5000 population
– >75% population is engaged in non agricultural occupation
– > density is 1000 persons per sq. km
 Concept of town and town planning
• Town planning is considered as an art of shaping
and guiding the physical growth of the town
creating buildings and environment to meet the
needs such as social, cultural, economical and
recreational etc to provide healthy conditions for
both rich and poor to live, to work, to play, to
relax thus bringing about the social and economic
well being for the majority of mankind
– Quotes by Aristotle : A city should be build to give its
inhabitants security and happiness
– Quotes by Plato : A city is a place where men had a
common life for noble end.
 Aim and Objectives of town planning
• Health –
– Create healthy conditions to live, work, play or relax
– Create zoning to make right use of land for activities like
residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, recreational etc
for smooth and orderly development of town
• Convenience
– Public amenities required for the proper upkeep of citizens such
as water supply, sanitation, electricity, post and telegraph, gas,,
– Proper sites for industrial, commercial, business enterprises to
encourage them in trade with cheap power, drainage, transport
services etc.
– Recreational amenities include open spaces, parks, gardens and
playgrounds for children and town halls, stadiums, community
centers, theaters for adults
 Aim and Objectives of town planning

• Beauty
– To preserve the individuality of the town by developing on
the most suited natural conditions
– To preserve the aesthetics in the design of all elements of
town or city plan, which include preservation of trees ,
natural greenery, architectural control on public / semi-
public buildings of cultural and historical importance
 Principles of Town Planning
• Avoid haphazard growth of town
• Encourage proper housing accommodation for various
classes of people
• Discourage growth of slums. If slums exists, arrange
slum rehabilitation programme
• Provide proper civic amenities such as shopping
centers, dispensaries, schools, nursery etc.
• Provide adequate open spaces for public recreation
centers and for future expansion for town
 Principles of Town Planning
• Organize and properly group Public and semi-public
buildings throughout the town
• Adopt and strictly follow Zoning system.
– Divide town in various zones such as residential zone, commercial
zone, industrial zone, recreational zone , public and semi-public zone
etc
• Control growth of town by providing Green belt
– Green belt is an open strip of land consisting of intensive cultivation of
vegetables, fruits, farm industry like poultry, dairy etc all around the
city / town for special purpose of limiting the growth of city
– Green belt is to prevent urbanization beyond its outer periphery and
also to allow for extensions during emergency period
 Principles of Town Planning
• Green belt
– It prevents the loss of town’s identity
– It ensures the economic use of Urban land and facilities
– It prevents ribbon development
– It ensures adequate recreational facilities are within
everyone’s reach
– It combats air pollution
– It preserves the environment
– It prevents the erosion of agricultural belt
– It prevents conurbation
• con= together, urb= city ie. Linking of urban areas for example :
Hyderabad – Secunderabad, Hubli - Dharwad)
 Necessity of Town Planning
• The “industrial revolution”
revolution that took place in
1760-1820 is an important epoch in the
history of growth of towns and cities.
• No country is free from the galloping multiple
crises of our time, due to overcrowding in the
cities and metropolitan areas in particular.
• This has resulted in the haphazard
development, chaos and disorder
 Necessity of Town Planning
Evils that town suffers in its absence
• The suburban sprawl has entirely engulfed every
town and city
• The life inside town often seems to snuffed out
completely
• People have to go far off to countryside to get open
air, breeze
• Long uncomfortable journey from place of residence
to place of work. Wastage of time, money and
energy
• Every road has become highway, increasing in traffic
congestions, resulting in accidents
 Necessity of Town Planning
Evils that town suffers in its absence
• Noisy traffic has almost disturbed the peace of the
city dwellers
• Indiscriminate siting of industries in the heart of the
city has resulted in producing smoke, dangerous gas,
bad smell etc
• Improper disposal of industrial waste has caused
pollution of water and air etc
• Increased industrial population has given rise to
formation of squatter settlements, slums etc.
• Insufficient open spaces, parks, playgrounds etc have
caused unhealthy conditions of living
• Lack of public amenities such as water supply,
drainage sanitation electricity etc.
 Necessity of Town Planning
• Present picture is gloomy and dull.
• We have therefore to put tremendous effort for the
proper shaping of towns creating buildings to meet
the various needs such as social, cultural, economic,
and recreational thus brining general welfare of the
majority of mankind.
• Apart from human suffering, it has resulted in heavy
liabilities.
• To avoid this in future, it is found extremely
necessary to prepare a comprehensive planning
taking in to account a number of years for an overall
development of towns and country as a whole.
 Professions in Planning
• Until recently town plans were prepared
exclusively by civil engineers, architects who
paid attention to design of buildings, streets,
squares, terminals etc considering beauty and
grandeur of the town or city
• We require a team of experts in different
fields consisting of
– Engineers : design buildings, roads, bridges, water
supply , drainage systems etc.
– Architects : advice on aesthetics of towns such as
buildings of architectural aspects
 Professions in Planning
– Landscape architect : to fix up location of the sites
considering the landscape of the country, and to layout of
parks, gardens, trees and shrubs etc to create cheerful
environment
– Sociologists : conduct socio-economic or civic survey and
report on social and cultural structure of the city dwellers
– Geographer : report on natural configuration and natural
resources
– Ecologists : study environment, ecology that influence
peoples’ life
– Administrator : looks after the proper and orderly
development of the town and assisted by economist and
legal advisor to help solving the economic and legal
problems.
 Duties and powers of town planning
officer
• To conduct survey and collect data for carrying out
development schemes
• To demarcate the boundaries of the land reserved for public
purpose
• To allot the constituted plots among the original owners
• To prepare detailed estimate and to workout the cost of any
proposed schemes
• To determine the compensation to be paid to the owners for
acquisition of the property
• To determine the betterment contribution to be recovered
from the owner of the land who are benefited
• To act as expert valuer and financial advisor in the land
acquisition cases
• To guard the interest of the citizen of the town as a whole
Tuesday, February 27, 2024