EDUCATIO

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 Education
The primary function of an educational institution is the socialization of children
and the new members of society. There are numerous aspects to the socialization
process. Each one of these aspects prepares each child and the new members of
society for a significant life in society. Family, social groups, a diverse mass
media, and contact with other social institutions are the few sources of
socialization. The educational institution keeps children and youth occupied and
out of the labor force. It serves to bring about social change, provides a means for
social mobility, and conducts many community activities for both parents and
students.
 Education in the
Education in the Philippines is managed and regulated by the Department of
Philippines
Education, commonly referred to as the DepEd. DepEd controls the Philippine
education system, including the creation and implementation of the curriculum
and the utilization of funds allotted by the central government. It also manages
the construction of schools, the acquisition of books and other school
materials, and the recruitment of teachers and staff.
 Backgroun
Before the Philippines attained independence in 1946, the country's

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education system was patterned after the educational systems of Spain
and the United States-countries that colonized and governed the
Philippines for more than three hundred years. However, after
independence, the country's educational system changed radically.
From 1945 until 2011, the education system was composed of six years
of elementary education starting at the age of seven (changed to six
later), and four years of high school education starting at the age of 12.
 Backgroun
Further education was provided by technical or vocational schools and
colleges and universities. Although the 1987 Constitution stated that

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elementary education was compulsory, this was never enforced. In
2011, the country started to transition from its 10-year basic
educational system to a K to 12 educational system. The new 12-year
system is now compulsory, along with the adoption of a new
curriculum for all schools (the K to 12 programs). The transition period
will end in the 2017-2018 school year, which is the graduation date for
the first group of students who entered the new educational system.
All public schools in the Philippines must start classes on the date
mandated by the Department of Education (usually the first Monday for
the public, the second Monday for private and the third Monday for
some colleges in the month of June) and must end after each school
completes the mandated 200 - day school calendar prepared by the
Department of Education (usually around the third week of March to the
second week of April). Private schools are not obliged to abide by a
specific date but must open classes no later than the last week of
August.
• The economic, political, social, and religious values of the society are
reflected by the kind of educational system. For more than three
centuries, education in the Philippines was patterned after the Spanish
and American systems. These systems helped instill Spanish and
American values in our people.
• Spain and the United States brought about educational practices, which
reflected their culture and ideologies. During the Spanish time, the function of
education was to inculcate moral and religious values. Religion was the core
curriculum and the schools were used to spread Christianity. Going to church
was compulsory for all students. Schools were put up in barrios in the small
thatched building called visitas that served as their chapel and schoolhouse at
the same time. The parish priest supervised the schools as part of his duties.
The boys had a separate room from the girls at the visitas. Reading by alphabet
and syllable method, sacred songs, and music are included in the course of
study. For advanced students, arithmetic and writing were also taught.
• Higher education during that time focused on training the youth in virtue
and letters. It mainly served the upper classes; thus, higher education
symbolized "social standing and prestige." The educated class consisted
mostly of ilustrados.

• Compulsory education was approved between the age of seven and twelve.
Reading writing, arithmetic, geography, Spanish, Christian doctrine, and
vocal music was part of the curriculum in the primary grades. Agriculture
was compulsory for the boys and the girls were trained in needlework.
Vocational schools, schools of arts and trades, nautical schools, and normal
schools were available.
Education in the Philippines
during the Spanish and
American Periods
When the Americans came, education was focused on the
development of new social patterns that would prepare the
nation for a self-governing democracy. The public institution
was institutionalized to give every person the education needed
to participate in a self-governing democracy. The medium of
instruction was English. Private schools were allowed. The
primary level curriculum consisted of English, arithmetic,
geography, singing, drawing, physical education, and character
training. Grammar and social studies were included at the
intermediate level.
Today, the government of the Philippines has been
very active in tapping the educational system for
the country's development efforts. With the
adoption of the K to 12 program, it is hoped that
Philippine Educational System is now responding
to the demands of the economy for national
development.
 Functions of education in a society:
1. Giving training in specific skills or the basic general education
literacy
2. Prepare people for occupational roles
3. Preserving the culture from one generation to the next
4. Encouraging democratic participation by teaching verbal skills
5. Developing the person's ability to think rationally and independently
 Functions of education in a society:
6. Enriching life by enabling the student to expand his/her intellectual and
aesthetic horizons
7. Improving personal adjustment through personal counseling and such
courses as plied psychology, sex education, family living, and drug abuse
8. Improving the health of the nation's youth by providing physical
exercise and courses in hygiene
9. Producing patriotic citizens through lessons illustrating the country's
glory
10. Building character
Some of these educational functions may not be
realized; nevertheless, these are the intended
functions of our educational system. To be sure,
schools being the performer of all these functions
are exerting their level best to help realize the
goals of the Philippine educational system.
 The following are the constitutional
provisions relevant to Basic Education

1."The state shall protect the right of all citizens to quality education at all
levels and shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to
all."
2."The state shall establish, maintain and support a complete, adequate and
integrated system of education relevant to the needs of the people and society."
3."The state shall establish and maintain a system of free education in the
elementary an high school levels. Without limiting the natural right of parents
to rear their children, elementary education is compulsory for all children of
school age."
4. "The state shall establish and maintain a system of scholarship
grants, student loan programs, subsidies and other incentives which
shall be available to deserving students in both public and private
schools, especially to the underprivileged."
5. "The state shall encourage non-formal, informal and indigenous
learning systems as well as self-learning, independent, and out-of-
school study programs particularly those that respond to the
community needs."
6. "The State shall provide adult citizens the disabled and out-of-school
youth with training in civics, vocational efficiency, and other skills."
 Formal Education
Formal Education refers to the systematic and deliberate
process of hierarchically structured and sequential learning
corresponding to the general concept of elementary and
secondary level of schooling. At the end of each level, the
learners must obtain certification in order to enter or advance
to the next level.
Formal education shall correspond to the
following levels in basic education:
Elementary Education
Paaralang Elementarya or elementary education is the first part of the educational system, and
it includes the first six years of compulsory grade 1 to grade 6. Major subjects include
Mathematics, Science, English, Filipino, and Social Sciences. Optional subjects include Music,
Arts, Physical Education, and Health. Private school students may select subjects from a wider
curriculum including religious instruction in the dogma of their choice. Until 2004, primary
students traditionally sat for the National Elementary Achievement Test (NEAT) administered
by the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS). However, the scores obtained by
students in the NEAT were not used as a basis for their admission into secondary school.
Elementary education involves compulsory, formal education
primarily concerned with providing basic education, and
usually corresponds to a traditional six or seven grades and in
addition, to preschool programs. Such preschool education
normally consists of kindergarten schooling but may also cover
other preparatory courses.
 Secondary Education
Secondary education is concerned primarily with continuing basic
education at the elementary level and expanding it to include learning
employable, gainful skills usually corresponding to four years of junior
high school and two years of senior high school.
 Tertiary Education
Most institutions of higher learning are regulated by the Commission of Higher
Education. Colleges typically offer 1 or more specialized programs while universities
must offer at least 8 different undergraduate degree programs in a wide array of
subjects and at least 2 graduate programs. Public universities are all non-sectarian and
offer a wide range of programs, with English as a medium of instruction. Public
universities are government funded, with the largest, the University of the Philippines,
receiving a substantial amount from the annual budget. There are also several private
tertiary institutions, sectarian or non-sectarian as well as for-profit or not-for-profit.
Most private institutions are Catholic non-profit organizations. Most universities offer
4-year degree programs with 2 semesters per year
 Vocational Education

Accredited private institutions offer technical and vocational

education. Programs offered vary in duration from a few weeks to
two years. On completion, students may take centrally-administered
examinations to obtain their diploma or certificate. Vocational
colleges don't usually require an entrance examination. Only a
record of high school education and an enrolment fee are required.
 Non-formal Education

It offers alternative learning opportunities for the out-of-school youth

and adults specifically those who are 15 years old and above and
unable to avail themselves of the educational services and programs of
formal education. It reaches out to citizens of varied interests,
demographic characteristics, and socioeconomic origins and status. Its
primary objective is to provide literacy programs to eradicate illiteracy.
 Non-formal Education
It offers alternative learning opportunities for the out-of-school youth
and adults specifically those who are 15 years old and above and
unable to avail themselves of the educational services and programs of
formal education. It reaches out to citizens of varied interests,
demographic characteristics, and socioeconomic origins and status. Its
primary objective is to provide literacy programs to eradicate illiteracy.
 Special Education
Special Education refers to the education of persons who are physically,
mentally, emotionally, socially or culturally different from so-called
"normal" individuals, such that they require modification of school
practices to develop their potential. Special education provides distinct
services, facilities, curricula, and instructional materials geared to pupils
or students who are significantly higher or lower than the average or
norm. Special Education (SPED) aims to develop the maximums potential
of the child with special needs to enable him/her to become self-reliant
and take advantage of the opportunities for a full and happy life.