Dengue

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Pharmacy
Topic: Dengue
Roll no. 56-62

Introduction
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is a mosquito-borne disease which occurs in tropical and

sub-tropical regions of the world.
This viral infection causes a severe flu-like illness and, sometimes causes a
potentially lethal complication called severe dengue which generally affects children
and infants.
Dengue fever is also known asbreak bonefever. This is most rapidly spreading
mosquito borne viral disease in the world.
Dengue viruse is spread into people through bite of an infected Aedes species (Ae.
aegypti or Ae. albopictus) mosquito.
Dengue virus is RNA type of virus.

Signs and Symptoms
1.Abrupt onset of high fever
2.Severe frontal headache
3.Pain behind the eyes which worsens

with eye movement.
4.Muscle and joint pains
5.Loss of sense of taste and appetite
6.Measles-like rash over chest and upper

limbs
7.Nausea and vomiting

Diagnosis
Diagnosing dengue typically involves a combination of clinical

assessment and laboratory tests.
Laboratory tests, such as the Dengue NS1 antigen test, polymerase

chain reaction (PCR), and serological tests to detect antibodies,
are commonly used for confirmation.
The over-the-counter (OTC) drug acetaminophen (Tylenol, others)

can help reduce muscle pain and fever.
Transmission
Dengue is transmitted by several species of mosquito with aedes genus.
This mosquito generally bites during daytime. These mosquitoes typically
lay eggs near standing water containers.
Humans are primary host and the incubation period is about 4-7 days.
Mosquitoes become infected when they bite a person infected with the
virus. Infected mosquitoes then can spread the virus to other people
through bites.
It is also spread through infected blood, infected syringe or other infected

laboratory instruments.
Complications
Dengue hemorrhagic fever can cause visceral hemorrhage, which can lead to internal organ failure, low
blood pressure, and shock, all of which can lead to death.
Heart failure, kidney failure due to the continuous bleeding in the body, causing circulatory system
disturbances, it leads to heart failure. When the heart is not able to pump blood, plasma fluid appears
continuously, causing the pericardium to overflow, causing stasis. This causes the heart and circulatory
system to be severely affected, causing heart failure and bleeding. The kidneys also have to work at full
capacity to excrete plasma in the urine, which can lead to acute kidney failure.
Mother-to-child viral transmission during childbirth:Dengue virus transmission from mother to child occurs
during natural child birth in dengue-infected mothers. In addition, mothers who contract dengue fever during
pregnancy are at a higher risk of premature birth, low birth weight babies, fetal death, and mother-to-child
viral transmission.
Coma during hemorrhage, plasma fluid can pool in the meninges through the vessel walls causing cerebral
edema and neurological syndromes leading to coma. This is the most severe complication of dengue fever.
Treatment
1. Primary treatment – pain relievers, fluid therapy and in some cases close care from hospital.
2. Drinking plenty of water may help a patients from getting dehydrated also it can avoid vomiting and
high fever.
3. Acetaminophen is used as good pain reliever and to reduce fever.
4. Avoid pain reliever which increases bleeding complication i.e NSAIDS such as aspirin, ibuprofen as
it may increase chances of internal bleeding.
5. In case of severe dengue fever the patient may also IV fluids, electrolyte replacement and
transfusion to replace blood loss.
6. The first vaccine of dengue fever was developed by Sanoli Pasteur. This Dengvaxiaâ
(CYD_TDV) vaccine was licensed in December 2015 and has now approved by regulatory authorities in
about 20 countries.
Prevention
• Till today their is no satisfactory vaccine and immediate prospect of

preventing the disease by immunisation .
• The infected individual should be isolated under bed nets for the first few
days to protect against mosquitoes.
• Personal prophylactic measures- wear clothes that cover body entirely -

using mosquito repellent creams, liquids, coils, mats etc ...
• Environmental measures:- detection and elimination of mosquito breeding

places, management of roof tops, porticos and sunshades, proper covering of
stored water , and observation of weekly dry day.
Thankyou

Dengue

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Social and Prevantive

Roll no. 56-62

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is a mosquito-borne disease which occurs in tropical and

Dengue virus is RNA type of virus.

2.Severe frontal headache

3.Pain behind the eyes which worsens

4.Muscle and joint pains

5.Loss of sense of taste and appetite

6.Measles-like rash over chest and upper

7.Nausea and vomiting

Diagnosing dengue typically involves a combination of clinical

Laboratory tests, such as the Dengue NS1 antigen test, polymerase

The over-the-counter (OTC) drug acetaminophen (Tylenol, others)

It is also spread through infected blood, infected syringe or other infected

3. Acetaminophen is used as good pain reliever and to reduce fever.

• Till today their is no satisfactory vaccine and immediate prospect of

• Personal prophylactic measures- wear clothes that cover body entirely -

• Environmental measures:- detection and elimination of mosquito breeding

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