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    Anatomy & Function of Conducting System

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    halayehiah
    The document describes the conducting system of the heart, which initiates and coordinates heart contractions. It consists of the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers. The sinoatrial node initiates impulses that cause atrial contraction. The atrioventricular node delays impulses to allow for filling before ventricular contraction. The bundle of His and Purkinje fibers rapidly conduct impulses to the ventricles to cause synchronized ventricular contraction. Several conditions can disrupt the heart's electrical conduction and cause arrhythmias, including bundle branch blocks, heart blocks, and long QT syndrome.

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    Anatomy & Function of Conducting System

    Uploaded by

    halayehiah
    26 views22 pages
    The document describes the conducting system of the heart, which initiates and coordinates heart contractions. It consists of the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers. The sinoatrial node initiates impulses that cause atrial contraction. The atrioventricular node delays impulses to allow for filling before ventricular contraction. The bundle of His and Purkinje fibers rapidly conduct impulses to the ventricles to cause synchronized ventricular contraction. Several conditions can disrupt the heart's electrical conduction and cause arrhythmias, including bundle branch blocks, heart blocks, and long QT syndrome.

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    The document describes the conducting system of the heart, which initiates and coordinates heart contractions. It consists of the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers. The sinoatrial node initiates impulses that cause atrial contraction. The atrioventricular node delays impulses to allow for filling before ventricular contraction. The bundle of His and Purkinje fibers rapidly conduct impulses to the ventricles to cause synchronized ventricular contraction. Several conditions can disrupt the heart's electrical conduction and cause arrhythmias, including bundle branch blocks, heart blocks, and long QT syndrome.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    26 views22 pages

    Anatomy & Function of Conducting System

    Uploaded by

    halayehiah
    The document describes the conducting system of the heart, which initiates and coordinates heart contractions. It consists of the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers. The sinoatrial node initiates impulses that cause atrial contraction. The atrioventricular node delays impulses to allow for filling before ventricular contraction. The bundle of His and Purkinje fibers rapidly conduct impulses to the ventricles to cause synchronized ventricular contraction. Several conditions can disrupt the heart's electrical conduction and cause arrhythmias, including bundle branch blocks, heart blocks, and long QT syndrome.

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    ECG: Block 2

    Anatomy & function


    of conducting system

    Prepared By: Dr. Hala Yehia Sayed Ali

    1445/2024
    Learning Objectives

    By the end of this lecture, you will be able to:


    •Describe the conducting system of the heart.
    •Identify the components of the conducting system
    •Describe the location of the components of the conducting
    system
    •Explain disorders that affect electrical conduction of the
    heart?
    Introduction

    The heart conduction system is the network of nodes,


    cells and signals that controls heartbeat. Each time heart
    beats, electrical signals travel through heart. These
    signals cause different parts of heart to expand and
    contract. The expansion and contraction control blood
    flow through our heart and body.
    Overview

    The conducting system of the heart consists of cardiac muscle


    cells and conducting fibres that are specialized for initiating
    impulses and conducting them rapidly through the heart. They
    initiate the normal cardiac cycle and coordinate the
    contractions of cardiac chambers.
    Both atria contract together, as do the ventricles, but atrial
    contraction occurs first.
    Overview

    The conducting system provides the heart its automatic


    rhythmic beat.
    For the heart to pump efficiently and the systemic and
    pulmonary circulations to operate in synchrony, the events in
    the cardiac cycle must be coordinated.
    The conducting of the heart
    The cardiac conduction system is a
    collection of nodes and specialised
    conduction cells that initiate and co-
    ordinate contraction of the heart
    muscle. It consists of:
    Sinoatrial node
    Atrioventricular node
    Atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)
    Purkinje fibres
    CONDUCTING TISSUES OF THE
    HEART
    Sinoatrial Node

    The sinoatrial (SA) node is a collection of specialised cells (pacemaker


    cells), and is located in the upper wall of the right atrium, at the
    junction where the superior vena cava enters.
    These pacemaker cells can spontaneously generate electrical impulses.
    The wave of excitation created by the SA node spreads via gap
    junctions across both atria, resulting in atrial contraction (atrial
    systole) – with blood moving from the atria into the ventricles.
    Sinoatrial Node
    The rate at which the SA node generates impulses is
    influenced by the autonomic nervous system:
     Sympathetic nervous system – increases firing rate of the
    SA node, and thus increases heart rate.

     Parasympathetic nervous system – decreases firing rate of


    the SA node, and thus decreases heart rate.
    CONDUCTING TISSUES OF THE
    HEART

    Heart has a special


    system for generating
    rhythmical electrical
    impulses to cause
    rhythmical contraction of
    the heart muscle.
    CONDUCTING TISSUES OF THE
    HEART

    Sequence of excitation
    Sinus-Atrial Node (SA node)

    Atria

    Atrial-ventricular Node
    (AV node)

    Ventricles
    Atrioventricular Node

    After the electrical impulses spread across the atria, they


    converge at the atrioventricular node – located within the
    atrioventricular septum, near the opening of the coronary sinus.
    The AV node acts to delay the impulses by approximately 120ms,
    to ensure the atria have enough time to fully eject blood into the
    ventricles before ventricular systole.
    The wave of excitation then passes from the atrioventricular node
    into the atrioventricular bundle.
    Atrioventricular Bundle
    The atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) is a continuation of
    the specialised tissue of the AV node and serves to transmit the
    electrical impulse from the AV node to the Purkinje fibres of the
    ventricles.
    It descends down the membranous part of the interventricular
    septum, before dividing into two main bundles:
    Right bundle branch – conducts the impulse to the Purkinje
    fibres of the right ventricle
    Left bundle branch – conducts the impulse to the Purkinje fibres
    of the left ventricle.
    Purkinje Fibres
    The Purkinje fibres (sub-endocardial plexus of conduction cells)
    are a network of specialised cells. They are abundant with
    glycogen and have extensive gap junctions.
    These cells are located in the subendocardial surface of the
    ventricular walls and are able to rapidly transmit cardiac action
    potentials from the atrioventricular bundle to the myocardium of
    the ventricles.
    This rapid conduction allows coordinated ventricular contraction
    (ventricular systole) and blood is moved from the right and left
    ventricles to the pulmonary artery and aorta respectively.
    What conditions and disorders affect electrical conduction
    in your heart?
    Several different conditions can affect heart’s electrical system.
    These problems cause issues with heart’s rhythm.
    Some common heart rhythm disorders include:
    1- Arrhythmia: Irregular heart rhythm, including atrial fibrillation
    (Afib).
    2- Bundle branch block: A block in the Purkinje fibres on one side of
    heart, causing arrhythmia.
    3- Heart block: Impaired electrical signals between heart’s atria
    and ventricles.
    What conditions and disorders affect electrical conduction
    in the heart?

    Several different conditions can affect your heart’s electrical system.


    These problems cause issues with heart’s rhythm.
    Some common heart rhythm disorders include:
    4- Long Q-T syndrome (LQTS): ventricles contract and release too
    slowly, sometimes leading to fainting (syncope) or sudden cardiac arrest.
    5- Premature ventricular contractions: A too-early heartbeat in
    ventricles, causing heart palpitations or a “skipped heartbeat.”
    6- Sudden cardiac arrest: A severe malfunction in heart’s rhythm that
    causes your heart to stop, resulting in death if not treated immediately

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