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    Computer Networks Unit 4

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    naagasanthoshns
    The document discusses the transport layer of the OSI model. It describes that the transport layer receives data from the upper layer and converts it into segments. It provides communication services to applications running on different hosts by ensuring reliable and in-order delivery of segments. The main transport layer protocols are TCP and UDP, which provide different services to applications such as connection-oriented vs connectionless communication.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Computer Networks Unit 4

    Uploaded by

    naagasanthoshns
    27 views74 pages
    The document discusses the transport layer of the OSI model. It describes that the transport layer receives data from the upper layer and converts it into segments. It provides communication services to applications running on different hosts by ensuring reliable and in-order delivery of segments. The main transport layer protocols are TCP and UDP, which provide different services to applications such as connection-oriented vs connectionless communication.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document discusses the transport layer of the OSI model. It describes that the transport layer receives data from the upper layer and converts it into segments. It provides communication services to applications running on different hosts by ensuring reliable and in-order delivery of segments. The main transport layer protocols are TCP and UDP, which provide different services to applications such as connection-oriented vs connectionless communication.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    27 views74 pages

    Computer Networks Unit 4

    Uploaded by

    naagasanthoshns
    The document discusses the transport layer of the OSI model. It describes that the transport layer receives data from the upper layer and converts it into segments. It provides communication services to applications running on different hosts by ensuring reliable and in-order delivery of segments. The main transport layer protocols are TCP and UDP, which provide different services to applications such as connection-oriented vs connectionless communication.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 74

    UNIT-IV

    TRANSPORT LAYER
    UNIT-IV
    THE OSI MODEL
    TRANSPORT
    LAYER
    TRANSPORT
    LAYER
    TRANSPORT
    LAYER
    TRANSPORT
    LAYER
    TRANSPORT
    LAYER

    The transport layer is a 4th layer from the top.


    It receives the data from the upper layer and converts them
    into smaller units known as segments.
    The main role of the transport layer is to provide the
    communication services directly to the application processes
    running on different hosts.
    The Transport layer is a Layer 4 ensures that messages are
    transmitted in the order in which they are sent and there is no
    TRANSPORT
    LAYER

    The transport layer protocols are implemented in the end systems but not
    in the network routers.
    A computer network provides more than one protocol to the network
    applications. For example, TCP and UDP are two transport layer protocols
    that provide a different set of services to the network layer.
    Each of the applications in the application layer has the ability to send a
    message by using TCP or UDP. The application communicates by using
    either of these two protocols. Both TCP and UDP will then communicate
    with the internet protocol in the internet layer. The applications can read
    TRANSPORT
    LAYER
    TRANSPORT
    LAYER
    TRANSPORT LAYER
    FUNCTIONS
    TRANSPORT
    LAYER
    TRANSPORT
    LAYER
    TRANSPORT
    LAYER
    TRANSPORT
    LAYER
    TRANSPORT
    LAYER
    TRANSPORT LAYER
    FUNCTIONS
    FUNCTIONS
    Segmentation and reassembly: When the transport layer
    receives the message from the upper layer, it divides the message
    into multiple segments, and each segment is assigned with a
    sequence number that uniquely identifies each segment. When
    the message has arrived at the destination, then the transport
    layer reassembles the message based on their sequence numbers.

    Flow control: The transport layer also responsible for flow


    control but it is performed end-to-end rather than across a
    single link.
    Error control: The transport layer is also responsible for Error
    control. Error control is performed end-to-end rather than
    across the single link. The sender transport layer ensures that
    message reach at the destination without any error.
    Connection control: Transport layer provides two services
    TRANSPORT LAYER ELEMENTS
    OR SERVICES
    The services provided by the transport layer protocols can be
    divided into five categories:

    End-to-end delivery
    Addressing
    Reliable delivery
    Flow control
    Multiplexing
    TRANSPORT LAYER ELEMENTS
    OR SERVICES
    TRANSPORT LAYER ELEMENTS
    OR SERVICES
    TRANSPORT LAYER ELEMENTS
    OR SERVICES
    TRANSPORT LAYER ELEMENTS
    OR SERVICES
    TRANSPORT LAYER ELEMENTS
    OR SERVICES
    TRANSPORT LAYER ELEMENTS
    OR SERVICES
    TRANSPORT LAYER ELEMENTS
    OR SERVICES
    TRANSPORT LAYER ELEMENTS
    OR SERVICES
    TRANSPORT LAYER ELEMENTS
    OR SERVICES
    TRANSPORT LAYER ELEMENTS
    OR SERVICES
    TRANSPORT LAYER ELEMENTS
    OR SERVICES
    TRANSPORT
    LAYER
    PROTOCOLS
    TRANSPORT
    LAYER
    PROTOCOLS
    TCP
    TCP PROTOCOL
    TCP PROTOCOL
    FEATURES
    TCP PROTOCOL
    FEATURES
    TCP PROTOCOL
    FEATURES
    TCP PROTOCOL
    TCP PROTOCOL
    TCP PROTOCOL
    WORKING
    TCP HEADER
    FORMAT
    TCP HEADER
    FORMAT
    TCP HEADER
    FORMAT
    TCP HEADER
    FORMAT
    TCP Congestion Control
    TCP Congestion Control
    TCP Congestion Control
    TCP Congestion Control
    TCP Congestion Control
    TCP Congestion Control
    TCP Congestion Control
    TCP Congestion Control
    TCP Congestion Control
    TCP Congestion Control
    TCP Congestion Control

    https://www.gatevidyalay.com/tcp-
    congestion-control-tcp-protocol-tcp/
    TCP SLIDING WINDOW
    TCP SLIDING WINDOW
    TCP SLIDING WINDOW
    TCP SLIDING WINDOW
    TCP SLIDING WINDOW

    https://www.omnisecu.com/tcpip/tcp-
    sliding-window.php
    TRANSPORT
    LAYER
    TRANSPORT
    LAYER
    TRANSPORT
    LAYER
    UDP

    In computer networking, the UDP stands for User Datagram. he


    UDP is a connectionless protocol as it does not require any virtual
    circuit to transfer the data.
    The David P. Reed developed the UDP protocol in 1980. It is a part
    of the TCP/IP protocol, so it is a standard protocol over the internet.
    The UDP protocol allows the computer applications to send the
    messages in the form of datagrams from one machine to another
    machine over the Internet Protocol (IP) network.
    The UDP is an alternative communication protocol to the TCP
    protocol (transmission control protocol). Like TCP, UDP provides a
    UDP

    The UDP works by encapsulating the data into the packet and
    providing its own header information to the packet. Then, this
    UDP packet is encapsulated to the IP packet and sent off to its
    destination. Both the TCP and UDP protocols send the data over
    the internet protocol network, so it is also known as TCP/IP and
    UDP/IP.
    UDP enables the process to process communication
    UDP also provides a different port number to distinguish
    different user requests and also provides the checksum
    UDP FEATURES
    UDP FEATURES
    UDP FEATURES
    UDP FEATURES
    UDP FEATURES
    UDP HEADER
    FORMAT
    UDP HEADER
    FORMAT
    TRANSPORT
    LAYER
    TRANSPORT
    LAYER

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