Measuring Motion in Terms of Distance and Time

1. define motion;
2. understand the concepts of speed and time on
distance traveled;
3. measure the speed of an object;
4. identify the measuring device used to measure
distance; and
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5. appreciate the importance of reference point in
understanding motion.
 Read and understand the questions below. Choose the letter
of the best answer.
1. Which of the following is abasic unit of distance?
A. inch B. feet C. meter D. yard
2. Which is NOT a unit of speed?
A. kilometer/hour C. meter/second
B. miles/hour D. second/meter
3. Which is NOT used for measuring distance?
A. measuring wheel C. meterstick
B. tape measure D. stopwatch
4. Which is the reference point of a boy leaving fromhome to

school?
A. canteen
B. classroom
C. home
5. Which of the following shows motion?
A. a boy watching TV B. a dog barking at strangers
C. pillows on bed D. a mother going to market
6. A car traveled 30 kilometers for 2 hours, what is its speed?
A. 15.0km/h B. 28.0km/h C. 30.0km/h D. 60.0km/h
7. Which of the following demonstrates motion?
A. A boy jogging in place
B. A dog barking at the garage
C. A girl running towards his father
D. A boy running on a treadmill device
8. Why do we need measuring device to measure length or
distance?
A. To have an accurate data
B. To be familiar with the use of each tools
C. To have experience using tools like ruler, meter stick, tape
measure, etc.
D. None of the above
 9. Why do we need to use the metric system of
measurement?
A. Because it is used by many scientists.
B. Because it is important to describe motion.
C. Because it is necessary to describe movement.
D. Because it is easier to understand each other’s data.
10. How can a biker travel a great distance in a specified
time?
A. Pedal faster to increase the speed of the bike
B. Pedal slowly to decrease the speed of the bike
C. Increase the distance it will cover in the same time
allotment
D. Pedal faster to increase the distance it will take in a
specified time.
 Motion
Everything appears to be in motion. Our daily
activities keep us moving. We need to get moving in order
to finish our tasks. We move objects by picking, pushing,
and pulling them. We all take the same route to school,
whether it's short or long. We will always be in motion in
our daily lives.
Find the five (5) words that can be associated with MOTION.
Words may appear straight across, backward straight across,
up and down, down and up, and diagonally.
 PUSH AND GO
What you need:
toy car
meter stick or ruler
stopwatch

What to do:
1. Find a flat surface on the floor.
2. Mark a starting point on the floor.
3. Put the toy car on the starting line. See to it that the front
end of the toy car is aligned to the starting line.
4. Gently push the toy car with your hand. Then, record the
time it travels using your stopwatch and the distance
using the meter stick or ruler.
5. Bring the toy car back to the starting line, but push the toy
car with a greater force than the first trial. Write your data
for the second trial in Table 1.
6. Repeat step number 5 for trials 3 - 5 with increasing
forces applied. Record your data in Table 1.
Based on the activity, answer the following questions.
Write your answers in your science notebook.
1. What action makes the toy car move?
2. In which trial did the toy car travel the shortest distance?
Why?
3. In which trial did the toy car travel the longest distance?
Why?
Force is exerted when you push the toy car. When you lift a
sack of rice, you exert force by pulling the sack upward.
When you push a stalled car, you exert force to move it
forward. When you mop a floor using a rag, you exert force
by moving the rag back and forth. When you close a door,
you exert force by pulling on the doorknob. So, we define
force as a push or a pull.
 Forces may initiate and influence motion. When you
exert force, therefore, motion is produced. Motion is a
change of place or position in relation to time due to
the applied force. How far it moves, or it is moved is the
distance. Distance is measured in meter (m) same as for the
length according to the International Bureau of Weights and
Measurements (BIMP), but the standard unit for distance on
a smaller scale is centimeter (cm) and kilometer (km) for the
bigger one.
When there is movement, there is motion. Motion is
also defined as a change in position with respect to a
reference point. A reference point is a place or object used
for comparison to determine if something is in motion. An
object is in motion if it changes position relative to a
reference point
The fastness and slowness of a motion at a certain
distance can be calculated using the time it takes for an
object to cover the distance. The second (s) is the basic unit
of time, but for longer durations, minute (min or m) or hour
(h) may be used.

Give at least five (5) activities at home and school, where

there is motion. Copy the table below

Draw an illustration that shows motion and reference

point.
 Distance
Analyze the picture below. Answer the following questions

1. What did the boy do in order to move with the

skateboard?
2. How can you measure the speed of the skateboarder?
 Distance is a measure of how far or close two points
are in relation to one another based on the actual travel of
an object. It can be measured in a variety of ways, including
time, landmarks, and body parts.
The total path length is commonly used to describe
distance. It is the distance
between a known reference point and a designated position.
Distance is a scalar quantity, which means that it can only
be expressed in magnitude. It is measured in
units such as meters, kilometers, feet, and so on. The
standard unit for distance, however, is the meter.
There are appropriate tools and ways to measure
distance so that you can tell whether an object is far or near.
Distance should always be exact, measured accurately, and
based on a standard unit of measurement in science.
Distance should be measured scientifically with a
measuring device such as a ruler, meter stick, tape measure
measuring wheel, or ultrasonic distance measurer.
Measurement: The Metric System
We can better understand each other's data if we use a
standard unit of measurement. Using different units of
measurement can lead to misunderstanding
and confusion.
Meter is the standard unit of measurement for
distance or length in the metric system. When referring to a
distant place, you simply just add the prefix kilo. If the
length is very short, prefixes such as deci-, centi-, and milli-
are used.
By conversion, we can get the following values used in
the metric system of measurement:
METRIC SYSTEM CONVERSION
1 kilometer (km) = 1000 meters (m)
1 meter = 100 centimeters (cm)
1 meter = 1000 millimeter (mm)
Linda is traveling from town A to town B with a distance of
10 kilometers. How many meters was she able to travel?
Answer: 10000 meters
Speed: Distance over Time
Speed is the distance traveled over a certain period of
time. A moving object's distance traveled is affected by its
speed, or the rate at which it moves. The faster an object
moves, the less time it takes to travel at a given distance. On
the other hand, the slower the object moves, the longer it
takes to travel the same distance.
Thus, the faster an object moves in a given time, the
greater the distance it travels, and the slower it moves, the
less distance it travels.
Speed is calculated by dividing the distance traveled
by a moving object by the time it takes to travel the
distance.
 The measurement of speed can be in meters per
second (m/s) or kilometers/hour (km/h or kph), or miles per
hour (mi/h).
For example, David was able to run 300 meters in just 60
seconds or 1 minute. What
is his speed?
The formula speed can be rearranged,
just like any other equation. It can be
rearranged in three ways:
1.) speed = distance ÷ time
2.) distance = speed × time
3.) time = distance ÷ speed
The Amazing Marble
What you need:
3 books of equal thickness
1 marble
2 rulers of the same size
1 tape measure
What to do:
1. Gather all the materials
needed.
2. Place the two rulers on a
book at a distance that would
allow a marble to pass
between them. The rulers
would act as a ramp for the
marbles to pass
through. See figure 4.
3. Allow the marble to pass
between the rulers. Then,
record the time it travels
using your stopwatch and
the distance using the meter
stick or ruler.

4. Put another book on top of the book, repeat steps 2 and 3.

5. Put another book on top of the two books, repeat steps 2
and 3.
6. Record your data in Table 1.
1. What setup resulted in the marble travelling the shortest
distance? Why do you think the marble travelled the
shortest distance using this setup?
2. What setup resulted in the marble travelling the longest
distance? Why do you think the marble travelled the
longest distance using this setup?
3. How can measuring distance help us compare things in
motion?
4. What effect does height have on the distance a marble
travels after being launched from a ramp?
5. What is the speed of the marble in the three setups?
 Moving Buses

Determine the speed of each moving vehicle using the

formula:
Speed = distance/time
The time and distance of each vehicle are given as follows:
Table 2. Speed of the buses with the same distance travelled
1. Were the buses in motion?
2. Which bus moved the fastest? The slowest?
3. How did you determine the fastest moving bus? The
slowest moving bus?
4. What formula did you use in calculating the speed?
5. Arrange the result from the slowest to fastest.
Complete the following sentences using the words inside the
box.

1. The change in an object’s position is initiated and

influenced by ___________.
2. ___________ is a change of location or position of an
object.
3. All movement is compared with a background that is
assumed stationary. This background is called
__________.
4. Force can also be defined as __________________.
5. The ___________ the mass, the greater the force needed to
move the object.
Complete the following sentences using the words inside the
box.

1. _______________ is the measure of how far or near two

points are from one another based on the actual travel of
an object.
2. The standard unit of measurement used for distance or
length is ___________.
3. The distance travelled by a moving object over a period
of time is called ________.
4. In __________, distance should always be exact,
measured accurately, and based on the unit of
measurement.
5. Distances can be measured using different
____________________.
Write T if the statement is true and if it is false, write F.
1. The standard unit of measurement of distance or length
in the metric system is miles.
2. Meter sticks, tape measures, and rulers are standard
measuring devices used to measure distance.
3. In science, distance should always be exact, measured
accurately, and based on the unit of measurement.
4. Speed can be calculated by multiplying the distance
travelled by an object in motion by the amount of time it
used to travel the distance.
5. The greater the speed, the lesser the distance travelled at a
given time.
Name at least five of your daily activities and classify if it
involves motion or not.
Table 3. Some of the daily activities involving motion and
without motion
Study and fill in the table below by calculating the speed.
Table 4. Speed spent by different vehicles
Answer the following questions. Choose the letter of the
best answer.
1. Which of the following does not demonstrate motion?
A. Ballerina dancing on the stage
B. Mother walking on the street
C. Ball rolling on the floor
D. Pencil on the table
2. Why do we need to use the metric system of
measurement?
A. Because it is used by many scientists.
B. Because it is important to describe motion.
C. Because it is necessary to describe movement.
D. Because it is easier to understand each other’s data.
3. Which of the following is the standard unit of
measurement used for distance or length?
A. Foot B. meter C. minute D. second
4. A jeepney travels 120 kilometers in 3 hours. What is the
average speed?
A. 40 km/h B. 43 km/h C. 60 km/h D. 120 km/h
5. It is the change of an object’s position over the change of
time.
A. Position B. motion C. speed D. location
6. It serves as the basis for which the movement of an
object can be related to.
A. reference point B. motion
C. Speed D. distance
7. A numerical description of how far the objects from each
other.
A. Distance B. reference point
C. Speed D. motion
8. Which of the following demonstrates motion, with the
other object as the frame of reference?
A. a boy jogging in place
B. a dog barking at the garage
C. a girl running towards his father
D. a boy running on a treadmill device
9. Why do we need to use an appropriate device in
measuring lengths?
A. To have an accurate data
B. To be familiar with the use of each tool
C. To have experience using tools like a ruler, meter stick,
tape measure, etc.
D. None of the above
10. Why do we need to use the metric system of measurement?
A. Because many scientists use it.
B. Because it is important to describe motion.
C. Because it is necessary to describe movement.
D. Because it is easier to understand each other’s data.
List down at least five (5) activities/situations where speed
and time are related.

Put a check () mark if the given situation shows motion

and cross (X) mark if otherwise

______1. A farmer is plowing in the field with the help of

the carabao.
______2. A boy is running near the finish line.
______3. A boy and a girl dancing together across the room.
______4. My hands as it writes from the left to the right of a
paper.
______5. A cup on the table.