LECTURE 0

INT 221(MVC PROGRAMMING)

Course Details
LTP – 2 0 2
Syllabus
• Introduction to MVC Laravel Framework
• Request, Routing & Responses
• Controllers, Blade and Advanced Routing
• URL Generation, Request Data and Emails
• Laravel Localization and Sessions
• Laravel Forms and Validation
• Databases, Schema Builder and Migrations
Course Outcomes
• Understand the directory structure and request response
life cycle in Laravel
• Develop flexible, user-friendly and clean web applications
• Demonstrate well-organized, reusable and maintainable
code using views and controllers
• Use forms and gather and validate inputs
• Make cookies and sessions to store users information
across the requests
• Construct a database and use appropriate SQL
statements to create tables and store data
Introduction
• Laravel is an open-source widely used PHP framework.

• The platform was intended for the development of web

application by using MVC architectural pattern.

• Laravel is released under the MIT license. Therefore, its

source code is hosted on GitHub.
Introduction
• It is a reliable PHP framework as it follows expressive and
accurate language rules.

• It comes with a robust collection of tools and provides

application architecture.

• Taylor Otwell developed Laravel in July 2011

Laravel Versions
• Laravel 1
• Laravel 2
• Laravel 3
• Laravel 4
• Laravel 5
• Laravel 6
• Laravel 7
• Laravel 8
Features of Laravel
• Routing controllers - flexible approach to the user to define
routes

• Configuration management - provides a consistent approach to

handle the configuration

• Testability - features and helpers which helps in testing through

various test cases

• Authentication and authorization of users - features such as

register, forgot password and send password reminders.

• Modularity - built in libraries and modules which helps in

enhancement of the application
Features of Laravel(contd.)
• Query builder - incorporates a query builder which helps
in querying databases using various simple chain methods

• Provides a template engine - uses the Blade Template

engine, a lightweight template language

• Building schemas - maintains the database definitions

and schema in PHP code

• E-mailing facilities - includes a mail class which helps in

sending mail with rich content and attachments from the
web application
Why Laravel?
• A Scalable Framework

• Considerable time is saved in designing the web

application due to reusability

• Laravel may serve as a full stack framework. By "full

stack" framework it means that you are going to use
Laravel to route requests to your application and render
your frontend via Blade templates.

• Laravel has a very rich set of features which will boost the
speed of web development.
Composer
• Composer is a dependency manager for a PHP
programming language that manages the dependencies
of PHP software and required libraries.

• Composer runs through the command line. The main

purpose of the composer is to install the dependencies or
libraries for an application.
Artisan
• Command line interface used in Laravel is called Artisan.

• It includes a set of commands which assists in building a

web application.
Installation Via Composer
• Laravelimplements a composer for managing
dependencies within it.

• Hence, before the use of Laravel, it needs to check

whether you have a composer setup on your system or
not.

• If you don't have Composer installed on your computer,

first visit this URL to download Composer:
https://getcomposer.org/download/
Installation Via Composer(contd.)
• When you are done installing the Composer, cross-check
whether it is installed or not by typing in the command
prompt the composer command.
• C:\Users\dell>composer
Creating project
• The next thing you have to do is make a new folder in
some specific path within your system for keeping your
Laravel projects. Move to that location where the directory
is created. For installing the Laravel, the following
command you have to type:

composer create-project laravel/laravel Laravel2022

• The command mentioned above will make Laravel

installed on that specific directory.
Creating project(contd.)
php artisan serve
• This above code will start the Laravel service
Laravel Application Structure
Laravel Application Structure(contd.)
The App Directory:
• The app directory contains the core code of your
application.

The Bootstrap Directory:

• The bootstrap directory contains the app.php file which
bootstraps the framework.

• This directory also houses a cache directory which

contains framework generated files for performance
optimization such as the route and services cache files.
Laravel Application Structure(contd.)
The Config Directory:
• The config directory contains all of your application's
configuration files.

The Database Directory:

• The database directory contains your database
migrations, model factories, and seeds.
Laravel Application Structure(contd.)
The Public Directory:
• The public directory contains the index.php file, which is
the entry point for all requests entering your application
and configures autoloading.

• This directory also houses your assets such as images,

JavaScript, and CSS.
Laravel Application Structure(contd.)
The Resources Directory:
• The resources directory contains your views as well as
your raw, un-compiled assets such as CSS or JavaScript.

• This directory also houses all of your language files.

The Routes Directory:

• The routes directory contains all of the route definitions for
your application.

• By default, several route files are included with Laravel:

web.php, api.php, console.php, and channels.php.
Laravel Application Structure(contd.)
The Storage Directory:
• The storage directory contains your logs, compiled Blade
templates, file based sessions, file caches, and other files
generated by the framework.

• This directory is segregated into app, framework,

and logs directories.
Laravel Application Structure(contd.)
• The Tests Directory - The tests directory contains your
automated tests

• The Vendor Directory - The vendor directory contains

your Composer dependencies.
Laravel Application Structure(contd.)

• For more information, go to https://

laravel.com/docs/8.x/structure#the-routes-directory
The App directory
The console directory:
• The Console directory contains all of the custom Artisan
commands for your application.

• These commands may be generated using the

make:command command.

• This directory also houses your console kernel, which is

where your custom Artisan commands are registered and
your scheduled tasks are defined.
The App directory(contd.)
The Exceptions Directory:
• The Exceptions directory contains your application's
exception handler and is also a good place to place any
exceptions thrown by your application.

• If you would like to customize how your exceptions are

logged or rendered, you should modify the Handler class
in this directory.
The App directory(contd.)
The Http Directory:
• The Http directory contains your controllers, middleware,
and form requests.

• Almost all of the logic to handle requests entering your

application will be placed in this directory.
The App directory(contd.)
The Providers Directory:
• The Providers directory contains all of the service
providers for your application.

• Service providers bootstrap your application by binding

services in the service container, registering events, or
performing any other tasks to prepare your application for
incoming requests.
The App directory(contd.)
Following are the list of directories that don’t exist in the
app directory by default but can be created:
• The Broadcasting Directory
• The Events Directory
• The Jobs Directory
• The Listeners Directory
• The Mail Directory
• The Notifications Directory
• The Policies Directory
The routes directory
• The Laravel application's routes directory contains all of
the route definitions for your application. By default,
several route files are included in a Laravel project
like web.php, api.php, console.php, and channels.php,et
c.

web.php:
• The web.php file consists of the routes that are the
RouteServiceProvider places in the web middleware group

• All of your Laravel app routes will most likely be defined in

the web.php file.
The routes directory(contd.)
api.php:
• The api.php file contains routes that the
RouteServiceProvider places in the API middleware
group.