Arts and Crafts of Mindanao

ATTIRE, TEXTILES AND TAPESTRIES

A. Traditional Clothing of the B’laan

 The Bilaan or B’laan is an ethnolinguistic group that
inhabits some parts of South Cotabato, North Cotabato and
Davao del Sur.
 B’laan is a combination of two words, “bila” that means
house and “an” that means people. They are known for
embroidery, brass ornament and beadwork that are
integrated in their traditional clothing.
Takmun – sequin-like capiz shells used to gives distinct
design and color to their clothes.
Takmun
 Tapestry is a form of textile art, traditionally woven by
hand on a loom. Normally it is used to create images
rather than patterns. Tapestry is relatively fragile, and
difficult to make, so most historical pieces are intended
to hang vertically on a wall (or sometimes in tents), or
sometimes horizontally over a piece of furniture such
as a table or bed. Some periods made smaller pieces,
often long and narrow and used as borders for other
textiles. Most weavers use a natural warp thread, such
as wool, linen, or cotton. The weft threads are usually
wool or cotton but may include silk, gold, silver, or
other alternatives.
B’laan Woman’s Shirt
Ikat – it is a process of dyeing fabric from B’laan, Bagobos and T’bolis where the yarns are tightly wrapped
with string and dyed before weaving.

The textiles usually contain three colors:

 Shades of black or brown
 Red or darker shades of orange
 Ecru (color of undyed abaca)
Traditional Clothing of the Bagobo and the T’boli

 The Bagobos are group of people that live in Davao.

 “Bago” means new and “obo” means growth.
-- T’boli or Tagabili to lowlanders are an animist ethnic
group inhabiting highland areas in southwestern Mindanao.
T’nalak – is woven from deep brown abaca treated in the ikat
process to obtain intricate design. Only women
are allowed to weave this fabric.
Men wear t’nalak short, undershirt and t’nalak coat
Women wear wrap- around t’nalak skirts and blouses.
They also wear rows of bells around their waists and
ankles that produce tinkling sounds when they walk.
The common colors are red, brown and black
T’nalak Cloth
 B. The Traditional Clothing of the Maranao

The word Maranao means “People of the Lake”.

Malong – is a traditional Filipino tube skirt that is made of
hand-woven or machinemade multicolored cotton cloth. It can
be used in different ways.
Kapa Malong or Sambisa Malong – is a traditional dance
which demonstrates the various ways of wearing malong and
its uses.
•MALONG
 Basilan - is the home to the Yakans.
Badjulapi – is a tight blouse with long
sleeves
Pinalantupan – a type of skirt that is
layered over trousers
Sawal – is the traditional tight-fitting
The
trousers made of Yakan
Traditional fabric characterized by its
Clothing of vertical stripes
the Yakans Seputangan – square cloth used by
Yakans women as a head cover
or as belt
 Seputangan

Badjulapi

Seputangan

Pinalantupan

Sawal
Seatwork:
Directions: Fill each blank with the correct answer. Write your answer on
the blank.
_______________1. A traditional dance which demonstrates the various
ways of wearing a malong and its uses.
_______________2. Sacred cloth which is exchanged during marriages
and used as a cover during births.
_______________3. The traditional tight-fitting trousers made of a Yakan
fabric characterized by its vertical stripes design.
_______________4. Sequin-like capiz shells used to give a distinct
design and color to their clothes.
_______________5. Most common material used by the ethnolinguistic
groups in Mindanao for weaving cloth.
Seatwork:

______________6. A process of dyeing the fabric in which the

yarns have been tie-dyed before weaving.
______________7. A square cloth used by the Yakan women as
a head cover or as belt.
_______________8. The common color tones found in a
Bagobo’s t'nalak.
_______________9. The common color tones found in a t'boli's
t'nalak.
_______________10. They are known as “People of the Lake”.
T’NALAK KAPA MALONG TAKMUN SAWAL

ABACA IKAT SEPUTANGAN RED, BLACK,BROWN

RED, BLACK, YELLOW DARKER SHADES OF ORANGE

MARANAO
Lesson CRAFTS, ACCESSORIES AND
2 BODY ORNAMENTS

1. Sarimanok - It is a legendary bird of the Maranao. It comes

from the words “sari” which means cloth and “manok” which
means chicken. A symbol of good fortune.
2. Orik - It refers to
traditional and
unique carving. Its
name originated
from old
•Malayan word
which means carve
or “ukit”.
3. Wedding Attire from Yakan
For Male
Pis and Kandit – hand-woven head
cloth and 15-meter belt or sash which
serves as protection from spears or
knives.
•For Female
Short skirt over trousers
•Both
Saruk – hat worn to add elegance
•Ornaments
Maniktegiyas – a necklace or bracelet
of beads from dried fruit seeds to
protect them from illness.
Maniksembulan – necklace or bracelets made of bamboo stems
cut into short pieces, they serve as additional protection.
Pegupaan – bamboo container for chewing betel nut
Lutuan – A small bronze box with engravings carried at the
waist
Pegupaan Lutuan

Lutuan
Pegupaan
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4. T’boli Accessories
 Hilot – is a heavy brass
belt worn by women
during festivals.
a. Suwatlmimotis – is a wooden
comb with colored glass beads
hanging from it, worn towards
the back of the head.
5. Brass Making
Kulintang – is a musical instrument composed of eight
different sized brass gongs laid upon a wooden rack.
Name the following arts and crafts based on the previous lesson. Write
your answer on the blank.
1. ________________________ 4. ________________________
2. ________________________ 5. ________________________
2. ________________________ 5. ________________________
Activity 1: Think Back and Identify
Directions: Fill each blank with the correct answer. Write your answer on the blank.

__________1. It is a tight blouse with long sleeves .

__________2. A type of skirt that is layered over trousers.
__________3. It is the traditional tight-fitting trousers made of
yakan fabric characterized by its vertical stripes .
__________4. Square cloth used by yakans women as a
head cover or as belt.
_________ 5. Is a traditional dance which demonstrates the
various ways of wearing malong and its uses.
___________6. It is a traditional Filipino tube skirt that is
made of hand-woven or machine made multicolored
cotton cloth. It can be used in different ways.
___________7. The word Maranao means _____?
___________8. It is woven from deep brown abaca
treated in the ikat process to obtain intricate design.
___________9. “obo” means __________?
___________10. They are known as “People of the
Lake”.
 Lesson 3 ARCHITECTURE

1. TOROGAN
It is the ancestral house of the upper- class Maranao. It is the
dwelling place of the datu along with his wives and children.
 Panolong is a wing-like
ornament of a Torogan
flaring out from the beams.
2. BADJAO HOUSES
The Bajau, also known as
Sama-Bajau, are the "Sea
Gypsies" or nomads of the Sulu
Sea.
Their main source of
livelihood is fishing and hunting,
thus, most of them live in boat
houses or houses on stilts around
the Sulu archipelago.
3. GRAND MOSQUE OF COTABATO
The largest mosque in
the Philippines, named
after Sultan Haji Hassanal
Bolkiah Masjid or also
known as the Grand
Mosque, sitting near the
idle banks of Tamontaka
River was founded by the
Philippine Government.
4. HISTORICAL FORT PILAR The historical Fort Pilar,
also called Real Fuerza de
Nuestra Senora del Pilar de
Zaragoza
was founded in 1635 and
still stands strong until
today. It was engineered by
Fr. Melchor de Vera, a Jesuit
priest.
It was built to protect
the people from pirates of
the Sulu Sea.
5. MONASTERY OF THE
TRANSFIGURATION OF BUKIDNON
The pyramid-like
structure was designed by
the National Artist for
Architecture, Leandro
Locsin.
It is one of his last
designs and considered as
one of his best, aside from
the Cultural Center of the
Philippines and Davao
International Airport.
6. SANTO ROSARIO CHURCH OF CAMIGUIN

The original church

was built in 1882 using
coral stones, but the
old infrastructures
were too weak. It was
retrofitted with steel
bars using modern
building techniques.
 Lesson
SCULPTURES AND FUNCTIONAL ART
4

SCULPTURES
Maitum Jar
- An earthenware vessel for
secondary burial from
-Sarangani province.
-These artifacts were first
discovered in 1991 and are now in
the protection of the National
Museum.
 Maranao Wood Carving and Metal Casting
1. Rarub-A-Klong

It is a metallic armor made

of brass plates, carabao
horn and interlocking
ringlets.
2. Kampilan

-It is a single-
edged steel sword
with a handle made
of hand carved
ivory.
3. Batige
It is a large manually
carved wooden top inlaid
with mother-of-pearl.
It is used by adult males
to test their skills and
strength.
 4. Kendi

It is an heirloom teapot
or kettle used for hot
water, coffee, or tea.
5.Gador
- It is a large brass jar
used as ceremonial
containers for rice and
tobacco.
FUNCTIONAL ART
a.Balanghay
-The balanghai, also
known as balangay or
Butuan Boat, is a large
wooden boat used by the
pre- colonial Filipinos to
traverse the seas for trade
or migration.
Vinta
Is traditionally made by the
Badjaos who live in the Sulu
archipelago.
The sail represents the
colorful culture and history of the
Muslim people.
These boats are small and
not meant to be used for long
ocean travel. They are used for
livelihood activities.
1. It is the ancestral house of the
upper- class Maranao. It is the
dwelling place of the datu along with
his wives and children.
 2. It is a wing-like ornament of a
Torogan flaring out from the
beams.
 The Bajau, also known as
3.______, are the 4. _____" or
nomads of the Sulu Sea.
5.The largest mosque in the
Philippines called _____?
6. The historical Fort Pilar, also called
______? It was built to protect the
people from 7._______ of the Sulu
Sea.
9. An earthenware vessel for
secondary burial from Sarangani
province.
10. Maitum jar artifacts were first
discovered in______ and are now in
the protection of the National
Museum.
11. It is a large brass jar used as
ceremonial containers for rice and
tobacco.
12. It is an heirloom teapot or
kettle used for hot water, coffee,
or tea.
13. It is a single-edged steel sword
with a handle made of hand carved
ivory.
14. It is a metallic armor made of brass
plates, carabao horn and interlocking
ringlets.
15. The balanghai, also known
as balangay or
______________.