The document discusses smart materials including their properties, components of smart systems, shape memory alloys, quantum tunneling composite, and applications. It covers topics like piezoelectric materials, electrostrictive materials, magnetostrictive materials, rheological materials, thermoresponsive materials, and more.
The document discusses smart materials including their properties, components of smart systems, shape memory alloys, quantum tunneling composite, and applications. It covers topics like piezoelectric materials, electrostrictive materials, magnetostrictive materials, rheological materials, thermoresponsive materials, and more.
The document discusses smart materials including their properties, components of smart systems, shape memory alloys, quantum tunneling composite, and applications. It covers topics like piezoelectric materials, electrostrictive materials, magnetostrictive materials, rheological materials, thermoresponsive materials, and more.
The document discusses smart materials including their properties, components of smart systems, shape memory alloys, quantum tunneling composite, and applications. It covers topics like piezoelectric materials, electrostrictive materials, magnetostrictive materials, rheological materials, thermoresponsive materials, and more.
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GOVT POLYTECHNIC KANDHAMAL
PHULBANI SEMINAR REPORT ON SMART MATERIALS
PREPARED BY:- SAKUNTALA MALLICK
REGD.NO:-F22113001050 BRANCH:-CIVIL GUIDE TEACHER:-ASISH KUMAR NAYAK CONTENTS Introduction Properties of smart materials Components of smart system Shape memory Alloys QTC Application’s Merits and Demerits Conclusion PROPERTIE OF SMART MATERIALS
Sensing material and devices
Actuation materials and devices Control devices and techniques Self-detection, Self-diagnostic Self-Corrective, controlled, Self-healing Shock- absorbers, damage arrest SYSTEM
Data . Acquisition (tactile sensing ): The aim of this component is to
collect the required raw data needed for an appropriate sensing and monitoring of the structure E.g. optic sensing. Data Transmission (sensory nerves):The purpose of this part is to forward the raw data to the local and /or central command and control units Command and control unit (brain): The rele of this unit is to mange and control the whole system by analyzing the data, reaching the appropriate conclusion and determining Data Instructions (motor nerves):The function of this part is to transmit the decisions and the associated instructions
Action Devices (muscles) the purpose of this part is to take action by triggering the controlling devices/units CLASSIFICATION OF SMART MATERIALS
Piezoelectric Materials Electrostrictive Materials Magnetostrctive M Theological Materials Thermoresonsive material Electrochromic materials Fullerences Biomimetric materials Smart gels Piezoelectric Materials: when subjected to an electric charge or a variation in voltage some mechanical change, and vice versa, these events are called the direct and Converse effects Electrostrictive Materials: This material has the same properties as piezoelectric material but the mechanical change is proportional to the square of the electric field. This characteristic will always produce displacements in the same direction Magnetostrctive Materials: When subjected to a magnetic field, and vice versa (direct and Converse effects), this material will undergo an induced mechanical strain Consequently it can be used as sensors and/actuators (Example: Terfenol-D.) Rheolgical Materials These are in liquid phase which can change state instantly through the application of an electric or magnetic charge. These fluids may find applications in brakes,shock absorbers and dampers for vehicle seats Thermoresponsive Materials : Thermoresponsive is the ability of a Material to change properties in response to changes in temperature.They are useful in thermostats and in parts of automotive and air vehicle. Electrochromic Materials: Electrochromic is the ability of a material to change its optical properties (e.g.color) When a voltage is applied across it.They are used in LCDS and cathodes in lithium batteries. Fullences-These are Spherically caged molecules with carbon atoms at the corner of a polyhedral structure consisting of pentagons and hexagons. These are usually used in polymeric matrices used in smart systems They are used in electronic and microelectronic devices, super-conductors, optical devices, etc SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS In 1930s,Arne Olander was observed the shape memory effect while working with an alloy of gold and cadmium This Au-Cd alloy was plastically deformed when cold but returns to its original configuration when heated. The shape memory properties of nickel –titanium alloys were discovered in the early 1960s.Although pure nickel –titanium has very low ductility in the martensitic phase, the properties can be modified by the addition of a small amount of a third element. These groups of alloys are known as Nitinol (Nickel_-Titanium Nayal -ordnance -Laboratories) HOW SMA Works?
SME occurs due to the change in the crystalline
structure of Materials Two phases are: Martensite : Low temperature phase Relatively weak Austenite: High temperature phase Relatively strong MARTENSITE DEFORMING MARTENSITE DEFORMED MARTENSITE AUSTENITE MARTENSITE Martensite to Austenite transformation occurs by heating Austenite to Martensite occurs by cooling Quantum Tunneling Composite (QTC)
A QTC in its normal state is a perfect insulator
When compressed it becomes a perfect conductor If only lightly compressed its conductivity is proportional to the pressure applied How does it work ? In Quantum physics theory a wave of electrons can pass through an insulator- this is what is happening! HOW QTC Works? APPLICATION
Today, the most promising technologies for lifetime efficiency and improved reliability include the use of smart materials and structures. Understanding and controlling the composition and microstructure of any new Materials are the ultimate objectives of research in this field, and is crucial to the production of good smart Materials. Now and advanced materials will definitively enhance our quality of our life
