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    HMTech Command Line2

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    Ata Ali

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    HMTech Command Line2

    Uploaded by

    Ata Ali
    5 views14 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    5 views14 pages

    HMTech Command Line2

    Uploaded by

    Ata Ali

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Exceptional service in the national interest

    INTRO TO THE LINUX


    COMMAND LINE
    Networking Basics and Hacking Simulation

    Charles Reinke & Warren Davis


    Hands-on, Minds-on Technology (HMTech) 2023

    Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia LLC, a wholly
    owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc. for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-
    NA0003525.
    WHY COMMAND LINE?

    Text interface to your computer


    • Referred to as the shell, terminal, console, or
    prompt
    Allows copy and paste of commands from
    other sources, such as a website
    Preferred interface for mainframes and
    supercomputers
    • Compared with graphics, text is very light on
    resources

    2
    WHY COMMAND LINE?
    Efficient file management and system maintenance
    • Shell provides user commands and environment variables
    • Shell scripting automates long shell commands to make complex tasks easier

    3
    WHAT IS LINUX

    Alternative Operating System, like Windows or


    Macintosh
    • Inspired by Unix
    • Open source
    Only used on 2.6% of all desktop computers
    But, used on over 96% of webservers and 100%
    of the world's 500 fastest supercomputers!

    4
    WHAT IS LINUX

    Alternative Operating System, like Windows or


    Macintosh
    • Inspired by Unix
    • Open source
    Only used on 2.6% of all desktop computers
    But, used on over 96% of webservers and 100%
    of the world's 500 fastest supercomputers!
    • Also underpins ChromeOS (20% of all sub-$300
    laptops)
    • Android is Linux-based, making Linux the
    most-used general-purpose operating system!

    5
    OPENING A COMMAND PROMPT

    • Click the Windows button and type powershell


    • Click on the “Windows PowerShell” app
    • Prompt tells you the computer is ready to accept a command
    • Not a Linux environment yet; we’re still in Windows

    6
    CONNECTING TO A LINUX SERVER

    • Type ssh bandit0@bandit.labs.overthewire.org –p 2220 and hit


    Enter
    • If you get a “Are you sure you want to continue connecting […]” message, type yes
    and hit Enter
    • Enter bandit0 for the password
    • Now we are in a Linux environment!
    • Let’s try running some basic commands…

    7
    BASIC LINUX COMMANDS

    Type pwd and press the Enter or Return key


    • Case matters, PWD or Pwd won’t work
    • Prints out the shell’s current working directory
    Try a few other commands:
    ls
    • Lists the contents of the a directory
    cd
    • Allows you to change your current directory
    mkdir
    • Make a new directory
    exit
    • Closes the terminal
    • Do you remember how to log back in? 

    8
    BASIC LINUX COMMANDS, CONT.

    echo
    • Prints its arguments back out again
    cat
    • Concatenate file contents (and print them out)
    mv
    • Move or rename a file or directory
    rmdir
    • Remove (or delete) an empty directory
    rm
    • Remove (or delete) a file
    • Does not move files to a folder called “trash” or similar; deletes them
    totally, utterly, and irrevocably!
    9
    USEFUL COMMANDS

    man
    • Displays the instruction manual for a command
    grep
    • Searches files for lines matching a given pattern
    find
    • Search for files in a directory hierarchy
    vi, emacs
    • Text file editors
    ls -al
    • List all files, including “hidden” files

    10
    USEFUL COMMANDS, CONT.

    ssh
    • Secure shell connection to a remote client
    • We know this one already √ (more secure than telnet)
    more, less
    • Displays files one screenful at a time
    diff
    • Prints the differences between two or more files
    sort
    • Sorts lines of text files
    strings
    • Prints the strings of printable characters in a file

    11
    WARGAMES: BANDIT

    Exercises beginner command line usage and hacking skills

    • The goal of each level is to find the password for the next level

    • Often, this will involve finding the correct file, opening it, and reading the
    contents
    • You get to play the hacker!
    • If you have no idea what you are supposed to do,
    Don’t panic! Don’t give up!
    • Asking for help is encouraged (the instructor, a TA,
    your neighbor)

    12
    BANDIT, CONT.

    Navigate in your browser to:


    https://overthewire.org/wargames/bandit
    • Read the instructions, then click the link for Level 0
    • We have already completed this level; click the link for Level 1

    • Read the instructions for hints on how to complete


    each level
    • Use the listed commands
    • Try man <command> or <command> --help for more
    information
    • See how far you can get!

    13
    NEXT STEPS

    Learn a programming language


    • Python is a great option  free, and lots of online tutorials

    Try Linux on your own


    • Ubuntu is a great option  free, and lots of online support

    Learn networking basics


    • Next week…

    Learn cybersecurity basics


    • Third week…

    14

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