Ingles

PRESENT
PERFECT
Gineth Stefanny González Téllez
Martín Camargo
Karol Solano Rivera
PRESENT PERFECT
El "present perfect" se utiliza para describir:
I have lived in Bristol since 1984 (todavía vivo allí.)
Shehas beento the cinema twice this week (la semana todavía no ha terminado.)
We have visited Portugal several times.
Una acción que ha concluido en un pasado muy reciente, lo que se indica mediante 'just'. I have just finished my work.
He has read 'War and Peace. ( lo relevante es el resultado de la acción)

ESTRUCTURA Y CONJUGACIÓN
Afirmativa
Sujeto +to have +past participle
She has visited.
Negativa
Sujeto +to have + not +past participle
She has not (hasn't) visited.
I've brought my bicycle Me he traído mi bicicleta
You have broken the vase Has roto el jarrón
He's visited his aunt Ha visitado a su tía
She has passed all her exams Ha aprobado todos los exámenes
It's grown in my garden Ha crecido en mi jardín
We've travelled around the world Hemos viajado por todo el mundo
You have forgotten your books Os habéis olvidado vuestros libros

They've chosen her La han elegido
Forma larga Forma corta
I have worked I've worked
You have worked You've worked
He has worked He's worked
She has worked She's worked
It has worked It's worked
We have worked We've worked
You have worked You've worked
They have worked They've worked
SUBJECT HAVE/HAS + NOT PAST PARTICIPLE
I/You have not worked
He/She/It has not worked
We/You/They have not worked
1.Situaciones del pasado con resultados en el presente
1. I haven’t lost my car keys!

2. He hasn’t put on weight.
3. We haven’t finished our homework!
2.Acciones terminadas que se refieren a las experiencias vividas hasta ahora.
1. I haven’t talked to her four times.

2. She hasn’t visited this castle.
3. They haven’t travelled without their computer.
INTERROGATIVE
El presente perfecto [present perfect] es un tiempo utilizado para expresar acciones completadas que ocurrieron en el
pasado, están conectadas al presente y lo afectan.
Cuando se expresa en su forma interrogativa, se utiliza el verbo para hacer preguntas.

FORM
El presente perfecto, en su forma interrogativa, tiene esta estructura:
Have + subject + past participle + …?
•Have/has: la tercera persona del singular cambia de have a has.
•Los participios pasados regulares se forman añadiendo -d o -ed a la forma base de los verbos.
•Los participios irregulares pasados tienes que aprenderlos de memoria.

I/you
We
HAVE You
PAST QUESTION
They HAVE SUBJECT
PARTICIPLE MARK
Have I/you worked …?
Has he/she/it worked …?
He
Have we/you/they worked …?
HAS She
It
El Participio
Se usa el participio del verbo con el presente perfecto. Los participios en español son los verbos que terminan con -ado o -ido.
worked = trabajado
lived = vivido
Generalmente se forma el participio añadiendo -ed al verbo (igual que el pasado). Sin embargo, hay muchos participios irregulares. A
veces la forma irregular es igual que la forma irregular del verbo en el pasado y a veces es diferente.
Ejemplos de Participios Irregulares

Verbo Participio
be (ser) been
see (ver) seen
go (ir) gone
do (hacer) done
buy (comprar) bought
USE
Usamos el presente perfecto, en su forma interrogativa, para preguntar:
1. Situaciones del pasado con resultados en

el presente:
1. Have I lost my car keys?

2. Has he put on weight?
3. Have we finished our homework?
2. Acciones terminadas que se refieren a las

experiencias vividas hasta ahora:
1. Have I talked to her four times?

2. Has she visited this castle?
3. Have they travelled without their
computer?
Por ejemplo:
“Has she worked on an important project this morning?” = Usamos el presente perfecto porque
la acción del pasado todavía afecta el presente.
Did she work on an important project yesterday?” = Usamos el pasado simple porque la acción
del pasado ha terminado y no es necesario enfatizar sus efectos en el presente.
Forma larga Have/Has + sujeto + not + past participle
Forma corta Haven't/Hasn't + sujeto + past participle +
Afirmativo Negativo
Have I worked? Have I not worked? Haven't I worked?
Have you worked? Have you not worked? Haven't you worked?
Has he worked? Has he not worked? Hasn't he worked?
Has she worked? Has she not worked? Hasn't she worked?
Has it worked? Has it not worked? Hasn't it worked?
Have we worked? Have we not worked? Haven't we worked?
Have you worked? Have you not worked? Haven't you worked?
Have they worked? Have they not worked? Haven't they worked?

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PRESENT

I have lived in Bristol since 1984 (todavía vivo allí.)

We have visited Portugal several times.

He has read 'War and Peace. ( lo relevante es el resultado de la acción)

You have forgotten your books Os habéis olvidado vuestros libros

1.Situaciones del pasado con resultados en el presente

1. I haven’t lost my car keys!

2.Acciones terminadas que se refieren a las experiencias vividas hasta ahora.

1. I haven’t talked to her four times.

Cuando se expresa en su forma interrogativa, se utiliza el verbo para hacer preguntas.

Have + subject + past participle + …?

•Have/has: la tercera persona del singular cambia de have a has.

•Los participios irregulares pasados tienes que aprenderlos de memoria.

Ejemplos de Participios Irregulares

1. Situaciones del pasado con resultados en

1. Have I lost my car keys?

2. Acciones terminadas que se refieren a las

1. Have I talked to her four times?

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