Generator

Power Factor
MUHAMMAD NUR
HAKIM BIN MOHAMED
NIZAM
Leading and Lagging
PF

∙ Leading PF is when the load current

advance in phase voltage then the load PF
is called leading

∙ Lagging PF is when the load current falls

behind the supply voltage
Difference between leading and lagging
PF
LEADING LAGGING

∙ Load current lead the supply ∙ Load current falls behind the
voltage supply voltage

∙ Current phase angle is positive in ∙ Current phase angle is negative in

relation to the driving voltage relation to the driving voltage
phase angle phase angle

∙ The load current is capacitive ∙ Load current is inductive

∙ Can be corrected by adding ∙ Can be corrected by adding

inductive load capacitive load
What cause PF to lag?
∙ Lagging PF is usually cause by induction motor.

∙ It can be fix by adding capacitive load to the current

∙ Most industrial load have several motor, making 0.8 lagging PF the
recognize standard
Generator with low PF have
disadvantages such as?
1. Large kVA rating
∙ Generator and other electrical machinery are rated in units of apparent
power (kVA). Lower power factor makes kVA rating increases, which often
makes this equipment large & expensive
2. Inefficiency

∙ Large current at low PF means the equipment need to work harder to

produce less power.

3. Decrease equipment performance

∙ Low PF causes high voltage drop, meaning less voltage is available at the
generator end.
Advantages of generator operating at
high PF?
∙ Increase annual net energy saving

∙ Increase generator productivity

∙ Higher PF deliver more to their system, increase the system overall earning
capacity
How to increase
generator PF?

∙ Compensating for its lag.

∙ Use capacitor bank which have

leading PF, to neutralize the lag
and raise the load’s overall PF
 AMF
difference
 AMF 8 AMF 9 AMF 20 AMF 25
•

•
Different in AMF control
6 binary outputs, 6 + 1 binary
inputs, 3 analog inputs (U/I/R)
1 slot for extension plug-in
•

•
8 binary outputs, 8 + 1 binary
inputs, 3 analog inputs (U/I/R)
1 slot for extension plug-in
•

•
6 binary outputs, 6 + 1 binary
inputs, 3 analog inputs (U/I/R)
2 slot for extension plug-in
•

•
8 binary outputs, 8 + 1 binary
inputs, 3 analog inputs (U/I/R)
In build RS4852 2 slot for
module (Modbus, Internet, module (Modbus, Internet, module (Modbus, Internet, extension plug-in module
SMS, inputs/outputs) SMS, inputs/outputs) SMS, inputs/outputs) (Modbus, Internet, SMS,
• Does not have backlit symbols • Does not have backlit symbols • Have backlit symbols inputs/outputs)
• Does not have USB Host • Does not have USB Host • Have USB Host • Have backlit symbols
• Detailed history log with up to • Detailed history log with up to • Detailed history log with up to • Have USB Host
150 records 150 records 150 records • Detailed history log with up to
• Dual Mutual standby support • Does not have Dual Mutual 150 records
• Does not have Dual Mutual • Fuel Pump management standby support • Dual Mutual standby support
standby support • Run Hours selector • Load shedding, dummy load • Load shedding, dummy loas
• Fuel Pump management management management
• Run Hours selector • Geofencing based on GPS • Geofencing based on GPS
position position
• Have user buttons • Have user buttons
• Available also in low
temperature version
MRS
Intellilite 4 MRS 16

• Backlit symbols
• 8 binary outputs, 8 + 1 binary inputs, 4 analog inputs (U/I/R)
• 2 high-current E-Stop binary outputs
• USB Host
• Inbuild RS485
• 2 slots for extension plug-in modules (Modbus, Internet, SMS, inputs/outputs)
• Detailed history log with up to 350 records
• Load shedding, dummy load management
• User button
• Geofencing based on GPS position
• Available also in low temperature version