Kyrgyzstan During 1917 Revolution

KYRGYZSTAN DURING THE
REVOLUTIONS IN RUSSIA
REVOLUTION OF 1905-1907 DID NOT SOLVE THE MAIN
SOCIO-POLITICAL ISSUES OF RUSSIAN EMPIRE
Landownership
Autocracy and land shortage Inequality of the
of peasants nations within
Russia
RUSSIA'S PARTICIPATION IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR
CREATED THE CONDITIONS THAT ACCELERATED THE
ONSET OF THE REVOLUTION
• Economic crisis (fuel, transport, food and financial (inflation)

• Deterioration of the financial situation of workers
• The crisis of power (the fall of the authority of the king,
"ministerial leapfrog"
• Defeats of Russia at the front, significant casualties and fatigue
of the Russian population from the war
1. FEBRUARY REVOLUTION IN KYRGYZSTAN
• The uprising that began in Petrograd quickly spread

throughout Russia, inspiring the broad masses to fight. This
movement soon spread to Kyrgyzstan as well. Local
authorities concealed information about the uprising in the
center. For example, the news of the abdication of the king was
received on March 3, 1917, but it was officially announced only
on March 10. Most of the population of Kyrgyzstan took this
event with satisfaction.
A DUAL POWER DEVELOPED IN RUSSIA: THE COUNTRY WAS
SIMULTANEOUSLY RULED BY THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT
AND THE PETROGRAD SOVIET AND LOCAL SOVIETS OF WORKERS',
SOLDIERS' AND PEASANTS' DEPUTIES
Meeting of the Council of Workers' and

Meeting of the Provisional Government in
Soldiers' Deputies in the Tauride Palace
the Mariinsky Palace
• Socio-political organizations began to be successfully created. In March, the Council
of Workers' Deputies of the Sulukta mine was formed. On March 6-7, a Council of
Soldiers' Deputies was organized in Pishpek, which soon merged with the Council
of Workers' and Craftsmen's Deputies. Somewhat later, Soviets arose in Naryn and
Karakol. National revolutionary-democratic organizations appear - in May, the Bukara
union (leader Kozhomurat Sarykulakov), then unions of working Muslims.
• In contrast to Central Russia, where dual power was established, in Kyrgyzstan a
system of triarchy was formed, consisting of
• Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies,
• Committees of the Provisional Government
• Kyrgyz public committees.
Kozhomurat
SARYKULAKOV (1892-
1918) was a public figure, one
of the first Kyrgyz students
who studied at European
universities.
Akhmet Baitursynov (Akhmet
Baitursynuly; September 5, 1872 -
December 8, 1937) - Kazakh public and
statesman, leader of the Alash party,
educator, linguist, literary critic,
turkologist, poet and translator
HAVING HEARD THE JOYFUL NEWS ABOUT THE FALL OF TSARISM, THE
KYRGYZ FROM MARCH 1917 BEGAN TO RETURN TO THEIR NATIVE PLACES.
ON THE WAY BACK, PEOPLE DIED AGAIN, BUT THIS DID NOT STOP THE
REFUGEES RETURNING HOME. BY THE BEGINNING OF MAY 1917, ABOUT
64,000 PEOPLE HAD RETURNED TO KYRGYZSTAN.
• As for the Turkestan Committee of the Provisional Government, they
adopted a special resolution prohibiting the return of refugees to their
former places of residence in their homeland. With the connivance of the
government, the kulaks ruthlessly cracked down on refugees returning to
their homes. For example, near the village of Valeryanovna, Przhevalsky
district, a group of kulaks led by the former commander of the punitive
detachment, Geyzig, literally massacred a crowd of refugees returning from
China ...
• Thus, the February Revolution did not bring national freedom to the
Kyrgyz. The provisional government in relation to the "foreigners"
continued the national-colonial policy of tsarism.
2. ESTABLISHMENT OF SOVIET POWER IN
KYRGYZSTAN AND ATTEMPT TO CREATE NATIONAL
AUTONOMY
• October 25 (November 7),
1917 headed by V.I. Lenin,
the Bolshevik Party carried
out a coup in Petrograd,
which was later fixed in
history under the name of the
Great October Socialist
Revolution.
• First of all, the power of the Soviets was established in the industrial
regions of Kyrgyzstan - in the cities of Kyzyl-Kiya and Sulukta, where the
predominant part of the population was made up of workers, who were the
most conscious, revolutionary-minded class. In December 1917, the new
government won in Jalal-Abad, in January 1918 - in Osh.
• In northern Kyrgyzstan, the Soviet government first won in Talas, on
January 5, 1918 - in Pishpek, in February - in Tokmok. To protect the
Soviet government, Red Guard detachments were created from volunteers.
With their help, Soviet power was established in Issyk-Kul and Naryn.
• In the middle of 1918, the Soviet power was victorious throughout
Kyrgyzstan.
Meeting of
the
Kokand
autonomy
• Kokand autonomy was established on November 26-29 (December 9-12). 1917 by the 4th Extraordinary
Regional Muslim Congress in Kokand on the initiative of the Muslim organizations "Shura-i-Ulemiya"
and "Shura-i-Islamiya" in order to prevent revolutionary changes initiated by the government of the
Turkestan Soviet Republic (TSR), to preserve feudal-bay land ownership , Sharia norms, as well as with
the aim of separating Turkestan from Soviet Russia and restoring the Kokand Khanate.
• Legislative power in the Kokand autonomy was exercised by the Turkestan Provisional Council, elected
by the congress, consisting of 54 people, the executive power was exercised by the Turkestan
Autonomous Government, headed by M. Tynyshpaev, then M. Chokaev. The leadership of the Kokand
autonomy reached an agreement on joint actions with the Emir of Bukhara, Khan of Khiva, Ataman A.I.
Dutov and the nationalist organization "Alash". The British government actively supported the Kokand
autonomy by sending military advisers and weapons to Kokand. At the end of January 1918, the armed
forces of the Kokand autonomy under the command of Irgash began military operations against the TSR.
On February 6-9 (19-22), 1918, the Irgash troops were defeated by the Red Guards, after which part of
the leadership of the Kokand autonomy was arrested, others fled.
THE RETURN OF KYRGYZ REFUGEES TO THEIR
HOMELAND.
• With the establishment of Soviet power in Kyrgyzstan, the persecution and
punishment of participants in the uprising of 1916 were stopped. The purposeful
policy of the Soviet government led to a gradual decline in interethnic distrust and
confrontation, and relations of friendship and mutual assistance began to take shape.
• After the fall of tsarism and the establishment of Soviet power,
out of 332,000 Kyrgyz who fled to China in 1916, about 300,000
returned to their homeland. The Soviet government allocated 100
million rubles to the Kyrgyz refugees who returned with the
assistance of the Soviet government. With these funds, cattle,
agricultural implements, yurts, building materials were purchased for
the refugees. In 1920, the Kyrgyz who returned to their homeland
were allocated 46 thousand acres of arable land, 80 thousand
acres of land. All refugees were exempted from state taxes for 5
years.
QUESTIONS AND TASKS
• 1 Expand and explain the attitude to the bourgeois democratic revolution of all strata of the population
living in Kyrgyzstan
• 2. How was the February bourgeois-democratic revolution in Kyrgyzstan?
• 3. What facts prove the intensification of the revolutionary crisis in Kyrgyzstan?
• 4. Using the materials of the textbook, use examples to prove the growth of the revolutionary activity of
the population of Kyrgyzstan under the influence of the February Revolution
• 5 Name the active participants in the revolutionary movement in Kyrgyzstan and the names of the social
democratic groups, organizations and parties that emerged in 1917.
• 6 Tell us how Soviet power was established in Kyrgyzstan, what was the attitude of the local population
towards it?
• 7 What was the program of the Bolsheviks on the national question?
• 8 Why did the Bolsheviks oppose the Kokand autonomy?

Kyrgyzstan During 1917 Revolution

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KYRGYZSTAN DURING THE

• Economic crisis (fuel, transport, food and financial (inflation)

• The uprising that began in Petrograd quickly spread

Meeting of the Council of Workers' and

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