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    19th Century

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    The document discusses key events and policies in 19th century Philippines including the opening of the Suez Canal, the administration of Carlos Maria De La Torre, the tyrannical regime of Rafael de Izquierdo, the issue of secularization, the Cavite Mutiny from Spanish and Filipino perspectives, the execution of Gomburza which became a rallying cry, and unjust Spanish policies such as polo y servicios and lack of representation in the Spanish Cortes.

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    19th Century

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    5pn4x4czxn
    3 views22 pages
    The document discusses key events and policies in 19th century Philippines including the opening of the Suez Canal, the administration of Carlos Maria De La Torre, the tyrannical regime of Rafael de Izquierdo, the issue of secularization, the Cavite Mutiny from Spanish and Filipino perspectives, the execution of Gomburza which became a rallying cry, and unjust Spanish policies such as polo y servicios and lack of representation in the Spanish Cortes.

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    The document discusses key events and policies in 19th century Philippines including the opening of the Suez Canal, the administration of Carlos Maria De La Torre, the tyrannical regime of Rafael de Izquierdo, the issue of secularization, the Cavite Mutiny from Spanish and Filipino perspectives, the execution of Gomburza which became a rallying cry, and unjust Spanish policies such as polo y servicios and lack of representation in the Spanish Cortes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    3 views22 pages

    19th Century

    Uploaded by

    5pn4x4czxn
    The document discusses key events and policies in 19th century Philippines including the opening of the Suez Canal, the administration of Carlos Maria De La Torre, the tyrannical regime of Rafael de Izquierdo, the issue of secularization, the Cavite Mutiny from Spanish and Filipino perspectives, the execution of Gomburza which became a rallying cry, and unjust Spanish policies such as polo y servicios and lack of representation in the Spanish Cortes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    19 Century Philippines

    th

    • Maria Bernadette M. Macadaeg


    • Instructor 1
    • mbmacadaeg@mmsu.edu.ph

    COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES Department of Social Sciences


    Objectives
    • Appraise the link between the individual and the society;
    • Analyze the various social, economic, political, and cultural changes
    that occurred in the 19th century Philippines; and
    • Understand Jose Rizal in the context of his time.

    COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES Department of Social Sciences


    The Rise of Liberalism in
    Spain and the Philippines
    The Opening of the Suez Canal
    • November 17, 1869 – Ferdinand de
    Lesseps who made the Suez Canal
    • Connecting the Red sea and
    Mediterranean sea (Asia to Europe)
    • Travel from Europe to Philippines was
    reduced from 3 months to 32 days
    • Trade flourished
    • Prompted the influx of foreign
    newspapers and books that catapulted
    the Philippines to a new age.
    The Administration of Carlos Maria De La
    Torre
    • He was a liberal-minded governor-general
    in the Philippines.
    • He encouraged the Filipinos to participate
    in the government and expressed their
    sentiments for the development of his
    administration.
    • He established the Guardia Civil in the
    Philippines and give amnesty to rebels.
    • He allowed freedom of speech.
    • Opened Malacanang to the people on July
    12, 1869.
    • Was replaced by Rafael de Izquierdo
    Tyrannical regime of Izquierdo
    • Famous for his use of iron fist
    • Re-imposed censorship
    • Banned all talks of reform and liberty
    • Stop the Filipinization of parishes in
    the country
    • Revoked the exemptions of Filipino
    on forced labor and tributes
    The Issue of Secularization
    • It started in the times of Archbishop
    Sta. Justa and Gov. Gen. Anda.
    • The Filipino priests were appointed to
    head vacant churches.
    • Secular priest are Filipino priest
    • Regular priests are Spanish priest who
    belonged to religious orders such as
    Augustinians, Recollects, Dominicans
    etc
    • Religious orders opposed the plan for
    they believed that the Filipinos are
    not worthy to be Friar Curate
    • Msgr Pedro Pelaez – Ecclesiastical
    governor of the church who believed
    that Filipinos should be given the
    chance to serve
    • Father Jose Burgos continued the
    fight after the death of Msgr Pelaez
    The Two Faces of the Cavite Mutiny – Spanish
    Perspective
    • Jose Montero y Vidal, a prolific Spanish
    historian documented the event and highlighted
    it as an attempt of the Indios to overthrow the
    Spanish government in the Philippines.
    • Gov. Gen. Rafael Izquierdo’s official report
    magnified the event and made use of it to
    implicate the native clergy, which was then
    active in the call for secularization.
    • He reported to the King of Spain that the
    “rebels” wanted to overthrow the Spanish
    government to install a new “hari” in the likes
    of Fathers Burgos and Zamora.
    The Two Faces of the Cavite Mutiny – Spanish
    Perspective
    • The two Spaniards deemed that the event
    of 1872 was planned earlier and was
    thought of it as a big conspiracy among
    educated leaders, mestizos, abogadillos
    or native lawyers, residents of Manila
    and Cavite and the native clergy.
    • Sergeant Lamadrid together with 200
    soldiers launched an attack targeting
    Spanish officers at sight and seized the
    arsenal.
    The Two Faces of the Cavite Mutiny – Spanish
    Perspective
    • Sergeant Lamadrid was killed in the skirmish, while
    the GOMBURZA were tried by a court-martial and
    were sentenced to die by strangulation.
    • Patriots like Joaquin Pardo de Tavera, Antonio Ma.
    Regidor, Jose and Pio Basa and other abogadillos
    were suspended by the Audencia (High Court) from
    the practice of law, arrested and were sentenced with
    life imprisonment at the Marianas Island.
    • Gov. Izquierdo dissolved the native regiments of
    artillery and ordered the creation of artillery force to
    be composed exclusively of the Peninsulares.
    A Response to Injustice: The Filipino Version of
    the Incident
    • Dr. Trinidad Hermenigildo Pardo de
    Tavera, a Filipino scholar and
    researcher, wrote the Filipino version of
    the bloody incident in Cavite.
    • The incident was a mere mutiny by the
    native Filipino soldiers and laborers of
    the Cavite arsenal who turned out to be
    dissatisfied with the abolition of their
    privileges.
    A Response to Injustice: The Filipino Version of
    the Incident
    • Tavera believed that the Spanish friars and
    Izquierdo used the Cavite Mutiny as a
    powerful lever by magnifying it as a full-
    blown conspiracy.
    • The Central Government of Spain instill
    reforms in the Philippines like the Moret
    decree.
    • Tavera sadly confirmed that the Madrid
    government came to believe that the
    scheme was true without any attempt to
    investigate the real facts or extent of the
    alleged “revolution” reported by Izquierdo
    and the friars.
    The Execution of Gomburza
    • Father Mariano Gomez – head priest
    of Bacoor, the second richest parish in
    Cavite in terms of tributes collected.
    • He served for forty eight years and was
    loved by the people.
    • He helped to collect funds for
    representative to be sent in Rome for
    the secularization.
    • He became part of the list of the friars
    that they wanted to eliminate.
    The Execution of Gomburza
    • Father Jacinto Zamora – head priest of
    Marikina.
    • He was also part of the secularization
    movement and supported the struggle of the
    Filipino priest for equality and opportunity
    to lead a church.
    • Father Jose Burgos – the friend of Paciano.
    • He became the leader of the secularization
    movement.
    • He wrote essays which contradicted the
    regulars
    The Execution of Gomburza
    • Francisco Zaldua – witness against
    GOMBURZA
    • Claimed that he was the messenger of
    Burgos
    • February 17, 1872 - garroted
    • Archbishop Greogorio Meliton
    Martinez – wanted the church bells to
    be played upon the execution as a
    respect to the priests
    Significance of their Death
    • National consciousness emerged
    • It became the battle cry for the Propaganda movement
    • The Katipunan use the word GOMBURZA as password
    • The Katipunan declared Feb 17 as commemorative day of prayer
    • El Filibusterismo was dedicated to the priests
    The Implementation of Different Unjust
    Policies
    • Polo y servicios
    • Encomienda
    • Hacienda owned by
    the Friars
    • Bandala
    • Tributo
    Lack of Representative in the Spanish
    Cortes
    • Cadiz Constitution which
    allows a representative for
    every colony
    • Ventura de los Reyes – 1st
    representative of the
    Philippines
    • Representation was one of the
    reform Rizal wanted
    Post Activity Socio-Drama
    • Form group of 6 -7 members
    • The group will be given 20 minutes to develop their
    script and practice their action for the socio-drama. The
    script should have Spanish policy and possible reactions
    of the Filipinos in the context of 19 th century.
    Get in Touch
    With Us
    Send us a message or
    visit us
    City of Batac, Ilocos Norte,
    Philippines
    (63) 77-600-0459
    op@mmsu.edu.ph

    Follow us for updates


    facebook.com/MMSUofficial
    www.mmsu.edu.ph

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