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THE CAVITE
MUTINY OF 1872 READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY SECULARIZATION There were two kinds of priest in the Philippines: • Regular priest – Their primary responsibility was to spread Christianity. They were belonged to religious orders such as Recollects Franciscan Dominican Augustinian SECULARIZATION There were two kinds of priest in the Philippines:
• Secular priest – they are not belong to any religious
order and under the supervision of the bishops. They also had received special training to manage the parishes. SECULARIZATION • Due to the bias of the bishops and archbishops toward their fellowmen, they assigned Spanish friars or regular priests to the parishes in the Philippines.
• This is what the secular priests who are made up of Filipino
priests want to change because they want to manage the parishes in the Philippines. SECULARIZATION • Conflict started when the bishops tried to visit parishes run by the regular priest. • November 9, 1774 –Archbishop Basilio Santa Justa rushed the ordination of secular Filipinos priest to fill the vacant position in parishes. • Fr. Pedro Pablo Peláez, the Ecclesiastical Governor of the Catholic Church in the Philippines stood with the Filipinos. SECULARIZATION • Secular priests headed by Pedro Pelaez started the secularization movement in the Philippines.
• June 3, 1863- The movement grew stronger, but unfortunately,
Pelaez died.
• GOMBURZA together with other priests stepped up to support
the secularization movement in his place. THE CAVITE MUTINY OF 1872 FILIPINO VERSION DR. TRINIDAD H. PARDO DE TAVERA
- Historian - Scholar DR. TRINIDAD H. PARDO DE TAVERA • According to Tavera, the incident was merely a mutiny by the Filipino laborers and soldier at the arsenal in Cavite who were upset over the abolishment of their privileges. They were exempted from paying taxes and polo y servicio. DR. TRINIDAD H. PARDO DE TAVERA
• Gov. General Izquierdo said that he will be a
different leader from Gov. General de La Torre.
• He also prohibited the founding of the school of
arts and trades. DR. TRINIDAD H. PARDO DE TAVERA • January 20, 1872- Around 200 mutineers composed of the soldiers and laborers at the arsenal in Cavite led by Sergeant La Madrid. They assassinated the commanding officer and any Spanish officers in the area. • The mutineers expected back up from the army in Manila but didn’t happen. DR. TRINIDAD H. PARDO DE TAVERA • Gen. Izquierdo quickly ordered the reinforcement of Spanish troops in Cavite. • According to Tavera, the mutiny in Cavite Mutiny was used by the Spanish friars and Izquierdo as an opportunity to put all the blame to all mutineers, the residents in Cavite and Manila and, the native clergy. DR. TRINIDAD H. PARDO DE TAVERA • Tavera revealed that the government in Madrid accepted the report by Izquierdo and the friars.
• GOMBURZA were convicted and put to death by garrote,
some abogadillos who participated in the mutiny were also found guilty and given life sentences. Account of Edmund Plauchut
• He confirmed that the event occurred as a result of the
soldiers and laborers' unhappiness due to abolishment of their privileges. • However, his account was focused more on the three martyr priests' execution that he had actually seen. February 17, 1872
“Father, I know that not a leaf falls to the
ground but the will of GOD. Since he will that I should die here, his holy will be done.”
- Padre Gomez February 17, 1872
With vacant eyes, he went to the executioner
without a word, his mind had already lost it… - Padre Zamora February 17, 1872
“But what crime have I committed? Is it possible
that I should die like this? My GOD is there no justice on earth?”
“But I am innocent!” (“So was Jesus Christ.” – said one of the friars)
“I forgive you my son. Do your duty.”
- Padre Burgos GOMBURZA S PA N I S H V E R S I O N
JOSE MONTERO VIDAL RAFAEL IZQUIERDO
S PA N I S H V E R S I O N • Vidal believed that the mutiny was an attempt of the Filipinos to overthrow the Spanish government in the Philippines. • Izquierdo exaggerated what happened and dragged also the native clergy who calls for secularization at the time. S PA N I S H V E R S I O N • Izquierdo and Vidal believed that there were other reasons why the Filipinos revolted against the Spaniards: 1. Malicious propagandas spread by unrestrained press, 2. Democratic, liberal and republican books and pamphlets; and 3. The presence of the native clergy who out of animosity against the Spanish friars. • The “rebels” wanted to overthrow the Spanish government and appoint a new "hari" with leaders. Father Burgos Father Zamora S PA N I S H V E R S I O N • According to Jose Vidal at Governor General Izquierdo the mutiny was planned. • Signal – Firing rockets from the walls of Intramuros. • January 20, 1872 in Sampaloc – celebrating the feast of Virgin of Loreto. S PA N I S H V E R S I O N • The 200 mutineers led by Sergeant La Madrid attacked Spanish officers and took the arsenal. • Gov. Izquierdo learned about the mutiny and he sent “Segundo Cabo”/Gen. Felipe Ginoves Espinar and he ordered him to subjugate the mutiny immediately. S PA N I S H V E R S I O N • Many died including Sergeant La Madrid and GOMBURZA were sentenced to die by strangulation. • Some Filipino patriots were suspended by the Audencia like Joaquin Pardo de Tavera, Antonio Ma. Regidor, Jose and Pio Basa and other abogadillos. S PA N I S H V E R S I O N • February 17. 1872- to instil the fear among Filipinos, the GOMBURZA was executed.
• But it served as one of the driving forces that
influenced Filipino nationalism. • But the real mastermind were Maximo Inocencio, Crisanto de los Reyes and Enrique Paraiso but they were exiled and imprisoned and not executed. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE EVENT • Because of this event, it became an awakening to the Filipinos, marking the beginning of the Philippine Revolution. • The rebellion that occurred in 1872 in Cavite paved the way to independence on June 12, 1898. GENERALIZATION:
