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Basics of Arduino

The document provides information about breadboards and how they allow users to quickly test electrical circuits without soldering components. It explains that a breadboard is a board with a matrix of holes that allows electrical components to be attached to test and construct circuits temporarily. It also gives some general tips for using breadboards and provides information about sessions on electrical concepts and examples of circuits using operational amplifiers and Arduino microcontrollers.

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bekanmusic05
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
23 views

Basics of Arduino

The document provides information about breadboards and how they allow users to quickly test electrical circuits without soldering components. It explains that a breadboard is a board with a matrix of holes that allows electrical components to be attached to test and construct circuits temporarily. It also gives some general tips for using breadboards and provides information about sessions on electrical concepts and examples of circuits using operational amplifiers and Arduino microcontrollers.

Uploaded by

bekanmusic05
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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General Information

Below presented are introductory concepts explaining: What are proto boards and solder less breadboards?

How do they work?

What is a breadboard?

A breadboard is board helps to make quick electrical connections between components- like resistors,

LEDs, capacitors, etc.- It has a matrix of small holes to which components may be attached without solder,

used for the temporary construction and testing of electrical and electronic circuits.
Breadboard
The two outer sections of the breadboard are usually used exclusively for power. On many
breadboards these sockets will be labeled with colors denoting positive voltage (usually red) and
ground (black or blue).
General Breadboard Tips

Choose a color scheme and stay consistent


Hard jumpers for routing on board
Bend wires around components for visibility
Avoid crossing wires unless necessary
Use flexible jumpers for linking off board
Session-1
Resistance, Capacitance, Current and Voltage
Session-2
Diode, Transistors and Analog Integrated Circuits
Analog Integrated Circuits
An integrated circuit (IC) is a miniaturized circuit that
rests on a semiconductor base, also known as a chip.
Modern ICs can contain many millions of transistors all
in a compact package. ICs can be analog, digital, or a
mix of analog and digital signals.
Analog ICs
Analog ICs work with varying levels of voltages, not simply high or low
voltage.
They are used in:
Sensors
 Timers, and power management and
Amplifiers
One example is an operational amplifier (op-amp) circuit. Op-amps take
input voltages from two terminals and can output a voltage many hundreds
of times higher than the voltage that is input. Many high-end audio systems
make use of op-amps.
Operational Amplifiers
Op-Am Adder Circuit
Materials
1. Op-Amp (IC 741)
2. Resistor
3. DC Regulated Power Supply
4. Breadboard
5. Digital Multi meter
6. Jumper Wires
Adder Circuit
Proteus design for adder circuit

U1

7
RB1 3
741
OUTPUT
6 V=-10.9966
10k
2
BATP1
15

4
1
5
5 RF2
10k
BATN3 R3
10k

6
BATN1
15
BATN2
Subtractor Circuit
Proteus design for subtractor circuit
R1
1k

U1

7
RB1 3
741
OUTPUT
6 V=3.00093
1k
2
BATP1 BATP3
15 7

4
1
5
RF2
1k
R3
1k
BATP2
4

BATN1
15
Procedure (Adder Circuit)
1.Connect the circuit as shown above.
2. Apply the supply voltages of +15V to pin7,-15V pin4
and ground to pin 3 of IC741.
3. Apply the inputs V1 and V2 as shown (DC/AC ) to
the inputs.
4. Vary the input voltages and note down the
corresponding output at pin 6.
5. Notice that the output is equal to the sum of the two
inputs Vo = – (V1 + V2).
Procedure (Subtractor)
1. Connect the circuit as shown above.
2. Apply the supply voltages of +15V to pin7, -15V
pin4 and ground to pin 3 of IC741.
3. Apply the inputs V1 and V2. (DC/AC) to the inputs.
4. Vary the input voltages and note down the
corresponding output at pin 6 of the IC 741
5. Notice that the output is equal to the difference of the
two inputs Vo = V2 – V1.
Basics of Arduino Microcontroller
What is Arduino?
 Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware
and software. Arduino boards can read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a
button, and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED,
publishing something online.
 A user can tell the board what to do by sending a set of instructions to the
microcontroller on the board. To do so you use the Arduino programming
language (based on Wiring), and the Arduino Software (IDE), based on
Processing.
Why Arduino?
 Arduino has been used in thousands of different projects and applications. The Arduino
software is easy-to-use for beginners, yet flexible enough for advanced users. It runs on
Mac, Windows, and Linux.
 Teachers and students use it to build low-cost scientific instruments, to prove chemistry
and physics principles, or to get started with programming and robotics.
Some of the advantages of Arduino Microcontroller includes:

➢ Inexpensive: Arduino boards are relatively inexpensive compared to other


microcontroller platforms.
➢ Cross-platform: The Arduino Software (IDE) runs on Windows, Macintosh
OSX, and Linux operating systems.
➢ Simple, clear programming environment: The Arduino Software (IDE) is
easy-to-use for beginners, yet flexible enough for advanced users to take advantage
of as well.
➢ Open source and extensible software: The Arduino software is published as
open-source tools, available for extension by experienced programmers. The
language can be expanded through C++ libraries.
➢ Open source and extensible hardware: The plans of the Arduino boards are
published under a Creative Commons license, so experienced circuit designers can
make their own version of the module, extending it and improving it.
Hardware: Arduino Products
Get started with Arduino using Entry Level products: easy to use
and ready to power your first creative projects. These boards and
modules are the best to start learning and tinkering with
electronics and coding.
Arduino layout
Software: Arduino IDE
Activity 1: LED Blinking
Materials
1. Arduino Uno Board
• Arduino board consists of one led connected to pin 13. Turn ON and OFF Led after some specified time delay with the help of Arduino. To interface LED with
Arduino via programming students must follow some programming rules and formats.
Program:
int led = 13;
// every arduino board has an LED connected to pin 13 by default
void setup()
{
// put your setup code here, to run once:
pinMode(led,OUTPUT); // this makes the pin no 13 work as output.
}
void loop()
{// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
digitalWrite(led,HIGH);// Turn ON LED
delay(100);
digitalWrite(led,LOW); // Turn OFF LED
delay(100);
}
Single Input
Activity 2: LED Chaser

Materials
1. Arduino Uno Board
2. LED
3. Resistor 220 Ω
4. Jumper Wires
This program is used to blink multiple LEDs one by one. Three LEDs are mounted on breadboard
along with resistors. The Anode of each led is given to Arduino pin through resistor of 220 Ohm and
the Cathode of each LED is connected to Ground.
Pin Connections to Arduino:
 Connect Anode (+) terminal of all eight LEDs to pins varying from 1 to 8 through 1K resistor
 Connect cathode (-) of all LED to Ground(0V)
Led Chaser

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