Functions of Arduino Sensor

including LED, transistor and

resistors
Introduction

• "Arduino is an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on

flexible, easy-to-use hardware and software. It is intended for artists,
designers, hobbyists, and anyone interested in creating interactive
objects or environments."
• The mother site for Arduino is http://arduino.cc.
Arduino Uno R3
LED
• LED stands for Light Emitting Diode. ... LEDs can now be used for a
number of lighting applications and are available across the spectrum
of visible, infrared, and ultraviolet light.
• A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source that emits
light when current flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor
recombine with electron holes, releasing energy in the form of
photons.
Types of LED
LED Sample
Sample of LED Set-up
Introduction of Transistor
• Transistor is a three terminal electronic device, made up of
semiconductor material which generally consist of three parts .
I. Base
II. Emitter
III. Collector
Parts of Transistor
• Emitter- It is moderate size and it’s heavily doped. Its main
function is to supply majority charge carriers
• Collector-It is larger in size and it’s moderately doped. It’s
main function is to collect majority charge carriers.
• Base-It’s the middle section of the transistor and very lightly
doped, thin in size. It’s main function is to reduce the
recombination of charge carriers within base.
 Transistor
• A Transistor is a terminal electronic device made of semiconductor
material.
• Transistors have many uses, including amplification, switching, voltage
regulation, and the modulation of signals
Resistors
• A device used in electrical circuits to maintain a constant relation
between current flow and voltage. Resistors are used to step up or
lower the voltage at different points in a circuit.
• Resistors work as they turn voltage energy into heat.
• 2 Functions
-To limit current
-To produce desired voltage
Sample image of Resistor
Sample of Resistor Set-up
UNO R3 & USB CABLE

The Arduino Uno R3 is a microcontroller board based on a

removable, dual-inline-package (DIP) ATmega328 AVR
microcontroller. It has 20 digital input/output pins (of which
6 can be used as PWM outputs and 6 can be used as
analog inputs).

A USB port is a standard cable connection interface for

personal computers and consumer electronics
devices. USB stands for Universal Serial Bus, an industry
standard for short-distance digital data
communications. USB ports allow USB devices to be
connected to each other with and transfer digital data
over USB cables.
LCD 1602 WITH IIC,RC522 MODULE & WHITE
CARD
16x2 LCD Display with I2C Interface. LCDs are useful for
creating standalone projects. This LCD Display utilizes
an I2C interface, which means that fewer pins are
necessary to use this product than would be needed with
a regular 16x2 LCD Display (just four connections, VCC,
GND, SDA & SCL are required).

MF RC522 is a highly integrated read and write card chip

applied to the 13.56MHz contactless communication.
Launched by the NXP Company, it is a low-voltage, low-
cost, and small-sized non-contact card chip, a best choice
for intelligent instrument and portable handheld devices

White Card
Key Chain , Joystick Module & Keyboard
A keychain, or keyring, is a small chain, usually made from
metal or plastic, that connects a small item to a keyring.
The length of a keychain allows an item to be used more
easily than if connected directly to a keyring.

A joystick is an input device consisting of a stick that

pivots on a base and reports its angle or direction to the
device it is controlling. Joysticks are often used to control
video games, and usually have one or more push-buttons
whose state can also be read by the computer.

A keypad is one of the most commonly used input devices

in microprocessor applications. In a
standard keypad wired as an X-Y switch matrix, normally-
open switches connect a row to a column when pressed. If
a keypad has 12 keys, it is wired as 3 columns by 4 rows.
A 16 key pad would have 4 columns by 4 rows.
RTC MODULE ,WATER LEVEL SENSOR & HUMIDITY
SENSOR
Real time clocks (RTC), as the name recommends are
clock modules. The DS1307 real time clock (RTC) IC is an
8 pin device using an I2C interface. ... They are available
as integrated circuits (ICs) and supervise timing like a
clock and also operate date like a calendar.
A water detector is an electronic device that is designed to
detect the presence of water for purposes such as to
provide an alert in time to allow the prevention
of water leakage.

Humidity Sensor is one of the most important devices that

has been widely in consumer, industrial, biomedical, and
environmental etc. applications for measuring and
monitoring Humidity. Humidity is defined as the amount of
water present in the surrounding air.
RGB MODULE , MOTOR DRIVER MODULE &
MOTOR red, green, and blue
RGB (red, green, and blue) refers to a system for
representing the colors to be used on a computer display.
Red, green, and blue can be combined in various
proportions to obtain any color in the visible spectrum.
Levels of R, G, and B can each range from 0 to 100
percent of full intensity.

The L298N Motor Driver Module is a high voltage Dual H-

Bridge manufactured by ST company. ... H-
bridge drivers are used to drive inductive loads that
requires forward and reverse function with speed control
such as DC Motors, and Stepper Motors.

By connecting an L298 bridge IC to an Arduino, you can

control a DC motor. A direct current, or DC, motor is the
most common type of motor. ... The L298 can control the
speed and direction of DC motors and stepper motors and
can control two motors simultaneously.
1 Channel module, MB-102 Breadboard &65 pcs Jumper Wire
Generally speaking, a relay contains an induction part
which can reflect input variable like current, voltage,
power, resistance, frequency, temperature, pressure,
speed and light etc. It also contains an
actuator module (output) which can energize or de-
energize the connection of controlled circuit

A breadboard is used to build and test circuits quickly

before finalizing any circuit design. The breadboard has
many holes into which circuit components like ICs and
resistors can be inserted.

A jump wire (also known as jumper wire, or jumper) is an

electrical wire, or group of them in a cable, with a
connector or pin at each end (or sometimes without them
– simply "tinned"), which is normally used to interconnect
the components of a breadboard or other prototype or test
circuit, internally or with other.
10 pcs F-M Cable, Sound Sensor Module & Remote
A cable may refer to any of the following: Alternatively
referred to as a cord, connector or plug, a cable is one or
more wires covered in a plastic covering that allows for the
transmission of power or data between devices.

The sound sensor module provides an easy way to

detect sound and is generally used for
detecting sound intensity. ... When the sensor detects
a sound, it processes an output signal voltage which is
sent to a microcontroller then performs necessary
processing.

In this project you'll use an infrared (IR) receiver and

an Arduino to control 3 LEDs with a remote control. This is
useful to re-use old remote controls or give some
functionally to some of your remote's buttons. This project
is divided into two parts: You'll decode the IR signals
transmitted by your remote control.
10K Potentiometer 1 Digital Tube & 4 Digital Tube

We have a resistive track whose complete resistance will

be equal to the rated resistance value of the POT. ... Let
us assume a 10k potentiometer, here if we measure the
resistance between terminal 1 and terminal 3 we will get a
value of 10k because both the terminals are fixed ends of
the potentiometer.

Digital tube is an often used component, but no

unified naming method for many models which
causes a lot of confusion to some beginners. In
fact, LED digital tube is put multiple LED light-
emitting diodes(leds) together, and it's not a high
tech. An LED is called one segment.
 Matrix tube, Barcoded Clear Polypropylene Open-Top Storage
Tubes. Laser etching produces a permanent, high-contrast 2D
barcode offering maximum reliability and traceability of
compound, biological and genomic samples.

9G Servo motors were first used in the Remote Control (RC)

world, usually to control the steering of RC cars or the flaps on
a RC plane. With time, they found their uses in robotics,
automation, and of course, the Arduino world.

Piezo speakers (buzzers) A "piezo buzzer" is basically a tiny

speaker that you can connect directly to an Arduino. ... Connect
one pin (it doesn't matter which one) to the Arduino's ground
(Gnd) and the other end to digital pin 8. From the Arduino, you
can make sounds with a buzzer by using tone.
Tilt sensors allow you to detect orientation or inclination.
They are small, inexpensive, low-power and easy-to-
use. ... Sometimes they are referred to as
"mercury switches", "tilt switches" or "rolling ball sensors"
for obvious reasons.

A photoresistor (or light-dependent resistor, LDR, or

photo-conductive cell) is a light-controlled variable
resistor. The resistance of a photoresistor decreases with
increasing incident light intensity; in other words, it
exhibits photoconductivity.

Switches with Caps. Normally this kind of push button

is used with a captive buttons on the front panel that
just rest against the switches - this allows a certain
misalignment between PCB and panel without it
showing. Such panels are purpose designed and not
off the shelf, typically.
Resistance is a measure of the opposition to current flow
in an electrical circuit. Resistance is measured in ohms,
symbolized by the Greek letter omega (Ω). Ohms are
named after Georg Simon Ohm (1784-1854), a German
physicist who studied the relationship between voltage,
current and resistance.

Direct current (DC) is the unidirectional flow of an

electric charge. A battery is a prime example
of DC power.

This Flame Sensor Module is used to detect fire/flame source

or other light sources of the wave length in the range of 760nm
– 1100 nm. It is based on the YG1006 sensor which is a high
speed and high sensitive NPN silicon phototransistor. ... When
the sensor detects flame the Signal.
The Infrared Receiver is used to receive infrared signals and also
used for remote control detection. There is a IR detector on the
Infrared Receiver which is particularly sensitive to the infrared
signal,and it can receive the infrared signal very swiftly .The
Infrared Receiver can receive signals well within 10 meters. We
suggest you using the Infrared Remote Control or any infrared
emitter to make your own remote control projects

The 74HC595 is an 8 pin shift register. Shift registers are

chips which use logic gates to control many inputs or outputs
at once.

LM35DZ is an integrated analog temperature sensor whose electrical

output is proportional to Degree Centigrade. LM35DZ Sensor does not
require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies.
Gamsahabnida!!