Environment

Environment
MISBAH NAZ
BSCN,RN
OBJECTIVES
 Environment
 Components of environment
 Factors effecting on environment
 Environmental impact on community health
ENVIRONMENT
 The term ‘environment ‘can be defined as an aggregate of all the external conditions influencing and affecting the life and
development of an organism.
 Human environment means everything that is experienced by man and it is the total nature of experiences that determine the
quality of life.
ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION
 The WHO defines sanitation as “the control of all those factors in mans physical environment which exercise or may
exercise a deleterious effect on his physical development, health and survival.
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
 The aspect of public health concerned with all the factors ,circumstances and conditions in the environment or surroundings
of human that can exert an influence on human health and wellbeing.”
COMPONENTS OF ENVIRONMENT
 There are 3 major components of environment

a. Physical(Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere)
b. Biological(biotic, abiotic)
c. Cultural (society, economy, politics)
 The four major physical components of environment include lithosphere, hydrosphere,

atmosphere
biosphere, corresponding to rocks, water, air and life respectively.
 Lithosphere
The lithosphere is the solid outer section of Earth which includes Earth's crust (the "skin" of
rock on the outer layer of planet Earth), as well as the underlying cool, dense, and fairly rigid
upper part of the upper mantle.
 Hydrosphere comprises of all forms of water bodies on earth including

marine (oceans, seas)freshwater (rivers, lakes, ponds, streams) and
groundwater resources etc.
 Atmosphere is gaseous layer enveloping the Earth. The atmosphere with
oxygen in abundance is unique to Earth and sustains life. It mainly
comprises 78.08% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93%argon, 0.039% carbon
dioxide, and traces of hydrogen, helium, and noble gases.
 Biosphere refers to all the regions on Earth where life exists.

Factors effecting environment
 The primary five factors which affect environment :

1. Pollution
2. Deforestation
3. Global Warming
4. Change in Climatic Conditions
5. Solid Waste Pollution
POLLUTION
 Pollution is defined as introducing pollutants, organic molecules, or other unsafe materials

into the Earth’s atmosphere. This can either be caused by natural events (like forest fires) or
by man-made activities (like emissions from automobiles, factories, nuclear wastes, etc.)
 The different types of pollution include:
1. Air pollution
2. Soil pollution
3. Noise pollution
4. Water pollution
5. Radioactive pollution
DEFORESTATION
 Deforestation refers to the cutting down of trees and the destruction of forests. These can
either be for human habitation and use or natural causes.
 Deforestation has a tremendous negative impact on the environment. The most dramatic effect
is a loss of trees and forests, which drives climate change, and several other problems have
been raised for the ecosystem.
GLOBAL WARMING
 The phenomenon of a gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere
and its water bodies is termed global warming. The leading cause for this environmental
issue is the increased volumes of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane
released by burning fossil fuels, emissions from vehicles, industries, and other human
activities.
CHANGE IN CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
 There are several causes of climate change. The most significant effect on the climate is the
increasing trend in the concentration of greenhouse gases and global warming in the
atmosphere.
 Climate change is having an adverse impact on the environment. These include the physical,
chemical, and biological characteristics of ecosystems.
 Other than natural disasters, humans are also responsible for climate change. The burning of
fossil fuels, emissions from vehicles, and industries are a few of them.
CHANGE IN CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
 A change in the global climate includes:

 Typhoons
 Rising temperature
 An average to more rainfall
 Melting of global ocean currents and lots more.
SOLID WASTE POLLUTION
 Solid waste pollution is also referred to as a type of pollution, along with air, water, noise
and soil pollution.
 Solid waste pollution refers to the improper disposal of solid waste, including garbage,
construction waste, metal pieces, glass and plastic products, dead and decaying matter, solid
agricultural waste, medical waste, radioactive waste, etc.
IMPACTS OF ENVIRONMENT ON HUMAN
HEALTH
 On a daily basis, we all interact with the environment. Therefore it is very much essential to
keep our environment healthy in order to protect our lives from different environmental
hazards.
 The environmental impacts on human health include physical, chemical and biological
hazards. Air, water, soil, sound and land pollution are the major cause of illness in all humans.
IMPACTS OF ENVIRONMENT ON HUMAN
HEALTH
 Physical hazards include airborne particles, humidity, equipment design, and radiations, etc.
 Biological hazards include viruses, microbial agents, insects, rodents, animals and plants, etc.
 Chemical hazards include pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, lead, Acids, chlorine, and other
caustic substances.
 There are a very minute amount of chemicals and toxins in the daily food we eat, in the
breathing air and in our drinking water. The effects of these environmental hazards include
cancers, respiratory system disorders including asthma, allergies, and other illnesses. There
are many infectious diseases in this environment that are all carried by pathogens.
ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
 Environment, health and safety, EHS is an acronym for the set that studies and implements the practical aspects of
protecting the environment and maintaining health and safety at occupation. In simple terms it is what organizations must
do to make sure that their activities do not cause harm to anyone.

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Environment

 There are 3 major components of environment

 The four major physical components of environment include lithosphere, hydrosphere,

 Hydrosphere comprises of all forms of water bodies on earth including

 Biosphere refers to all the regions on Earth where life exists.

 The primary five factors which affect environment :

 Pollution is defined as introducing pollutants, organic molecules, or other unsafe materials

 A change in the global climate includes:

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