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Topic 1 - Introduction To Database Systems

The document provides an introduction to database systems, including the components and architecture of a database system as well as the database development life cycle. It discusses the conceptual, logical, and physical design of databases and data independence.

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miragelimited91
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views

Topic 1 - Introduction To Database Systems

The document provides an introduction to database systems, including the components and architecture of a database system as well as the database development life cycle. It discusses the conceptual, logical, and physical design of databases and data independence.

Uploaded by

miragelimited91
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

Introduction to

Database Systems

Intro to Database Systems 1


Database and Database System
A database is a shared collection of
logically related data designed to meet the
information needs of an organization.
Components of a Database Systems
 Database
 Hardware
 Software - DBMS
 Procedures
 Users

Intro to Database Systems 2


Database
The data in the database will be expected
to be both integrated and shared
particularly on multi-user systems
Integration - The database may be thought
of as a unification of several otherwise
distinct files, with any redundancy among
these files eliminated
Shared - individual pieces of data in the
database may be shared among several
different users
Intro to Database Systems 3
Hardware
 These are secondary storage on which the
database physically resides, together with the
associated I/O devices, device controllers etc.

Procedures
 Instruction and rules that govern design and
use of databases e.g. starting and stopping
db, making backups, handling failures.

Intro to Database Systems 4


Users - Roles
 Database Designers - designs conceptual and
logical database
 Application Developers - writes application
programs that use the database
 Data and Database Administrator
 End - user - interacts with the system from an
on-line terminal by using Query Languages
etc.

Intro to Database Systems 5


Data & Database Administration
 Data Administrator – a business manager
responsible for controlling the overall
corporate data resources
 Database Administrator (DBA) - a technical
person responsible for development of the
total system

Intro to Database Systems 6


Advantages
 Control of data  Improved data
redundancy accessibility and
 Data consistency responsiveness
 Multipurpose use of  Increased productivity
data
 Improved maintenance
 Sharing of data, through data
 Enforcement of independence
standards
 Increased concurrency
 Economy of scale
 Balance conflicting user
 Improved backup and
requirement recovery services.

Intro to Database Systems 7


Disadvantages
 Complexity
 Size
 Cost of DBMS
 Additional hardware costs
 Cost of conversion

Intro to Database Systems 8


Database Architecture
External Level

Application 1 Application 2 Application 3

Logical Data
Independence
Conceptual
Level
DBMS
Physical Data
Independence

Internal Level Database

Intro to Database Systems 9


Database Architecture
External Level – concerned with the way
users perceive the database

Conceptual Level – concerned with


abstract representation of the database in
its entirety

Internal Level – concerned with the way


data is actually stored

Intro to Database Systems 10


Data Independence
 Logical Data Independence – users and user
programs are independent of logical structure
of the database
 Physical Data Independence – the separation
of structural information about the data from
the programs that manipulate and use the
data i.e. the immunity of application
programs to changes in the storage structure
and access strategy

Intro to Database Systems 11


Db Development Life Cycle
 Database planning
 System definition
 Requirement collection and analysis
 Database design
 DBMS selection
 Application design
 Prototyping
 Implementation
 Data conversion and loading
 Testing
 Operational maintenance

Intro to Database Systems 12


Database Design
 Conceptual database design - the process of
constructing a model of the information used
in an organization, independent of all
physical considerations

Step 1 Build local conceptual data model for


each user view

Intro to Database Systems 13


Database Design
 Logical database design for the relational
model - the process of constructing a model
of the info used in an organization based on a
specific data model, but independent of a
particular DBMS and other physical
considerations
Step 2 Build and validate local data model for
each user view
Step 3 Build and validate global logical data
model

Intro to Database Systems 14


Database Design
• Physical database design for relational
databases - the process of producing a
description of the implementation of the
database on secondary storage.

Step 4 Translate global data model for target


DBMS
Step 5 Design physical representation
Step 6 Design security mechanisms
Step 7 Monitor and tune the operational system

Intro to Database Systems 15


Conceptual Database Design
Step 1 Build local conceptual data model for
each user view
 Identify entity types
 Identify relationship types
 Identify and associate attributes with entity or relationship
 Determine attributes domains
 Determine candidate and primary key attributes
 Specialize/generalize entity types (optional step)
 Draw Entity-Relationship diagram
 Review local conceptual data model with user

Intro to Database Systems 16


Logical Database Design for the
Relational Model
Step 2 Build and validate local data model for
each user view
 Map local conceptual data model to local logical
data model
 Derive relations from local logical data model
 Validate model using normalization
 Validate model against user transactions
 Draw Entity-Relationship diagram
 Define integrity constraints
 Review local logical data model with user

Intro to Database Systems 17


Logical Database Design for the
Relational Model
Step 3 Build and validate global logical data
model
 Merge local logical data models into global model
 Validate global data model
 Check for future growth
 Draw final Entity-Relationship diagram
 Review global logical data model with users

Intro to Database Systems 18


Physical Database Design for
Relational Databases
Step 4 Translate global data model for target DBMS
 Design base relations
 Design enterprise constraints for target DBMS

Step 5 Design physical representation


 Analyze transactions
 Choose file organizations
 Choose secondary indexes
 Consider the introduction of controlled redundancy
 Estimate disk space requirements

Intro to Database Systems 19


Physical Database Design for
Relational Databases
Step 6 Design security mechanisms
 Design user views
 Design access rules

Step 7 Monitor and tune the operational system

Intro to Database Systems 20

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