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Module 1 Lesson 3

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Module 1 Lesson 3

Uploaded by

John Lester Villamora
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 3.

NATURE OF
VARIABLES
P R E P A R E D B Y:

CHERRY B. BONACUA
VARIABLES is any factor or property that a
researcher measures, controls, and/or
manipulates. It is also the changing
quantity or measure of any factor, trait,
or condition that can exist in differing
amounts or types.

It is also a logical set of attributes,


characteristics, numbers or quantities
that can be measured or counted. It is
also called data item.
CLASSIFICATION
OF VARIABLES 1. Numeric variables. These are
variables with values that describe a
measurable numerical quantity and
answer the question “how many” or “how
much.” These values are considered as
quantitative data.
• Continuous variable. These variables can assume
any value between a certain set of real numbers.
Some examples are time, age,
temperature, height, and weight.
• Discrete variables. These variables can only assume
any whole value within the limits of the given
variables.
2. Categorical variables. These are variables with values
that describe a quality or characteristic of a data unit like
“what type” or “which category.”
• Ordinal variables. These variables can take a value which can be
logically ordered or ranked. Some examples are academic grades such as
A,B,C; clothing size such as X,L,M,S; and measures of attitudes like
strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree.
• Nominal variables. These are variables whose values cannot be organized
in a logical sequence. Some examples are business types, eye color, kinds
of religion, various languages, and types of learners.
• Dichotomous variables. These variables represent only two categories.
Some examples are gender (male and female), answer (yes or no), and
veracity (true or false).
• Polychotomous variables. These are variables that have many categories.
Some examples are educational attainment (elementary, high school,
college, graduate, and post graduate), level of performance (excellent,
very good, good, satisfactory, or poor).
3. Experimental variables
• Independent variables. These variables are usually
manipulated in an experiment. Thus, it is also called
manipulated or explanatory variable.
• Dependent variable. These variables are usually
affected by the manipulation of the independent
variables. They are also called response or
predicted variable.
• Extraneous variables. These variables are also
called mediating or intervening variables. These
variables already exist during the conduct of an
experiment and could influence the result of the
study. They are known as covariate variables.
4. Non-experimental
Variables
Predictor Variables. Criterion Variables.
These variables change the These variables are usually
other variable/s in a non- influenced by the predictor
experimental study. variables.
5.Variables according to the number being
studied
a. Univariate study. Only one variable is being
studied
b. Bivariate study. Two variables are being studied
c. Polyvariate study. More than two variables are
being studied

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