Comprehensive Disaster Preparedness Training For OML 52024

Comprehensive
Disaster
Preparedness
2nd Semester
ONSTP – AY 2023-2024
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
II. Objectives
• To recognize and understand the different
concepts in relation to disaster preparedness.
• To comprehensively discuss the “Things to

do” during disasters as experienced in the
Philippines.
• To further enhance the skills and knowledge

of the participants, so it can be applied in
real-life situations.
2nd Sem / ONSTP - AY2022-2023 / PLM
III. Introduction
As we continue to strengthen our knowledge in
terms of disaster response, today’s activity will
focus on disaster preparedness. As such, we will
discuss, comprehensively, on how should we
prepare not just ourselves, but also think of
ways on how to help improve the readiness of
our community should any disaster come.

A. Definition of
“Disaster”
D. Agencies involved in
B. Republic Act 10121 disaster preparedness
C. The Four Thematic E. Emergency Alerts and

Areas of Disaster Risk Warning Systems
Reduction and
Management

A. What is Disaster?
• A serious disruption of the functioning of a community
or a society involving widespread human, material,
economic or environmental losses and impacts, which
exceeds the ability of the affected community or
society to cope using its own resources.
• Disasters are often described as a result of the
combination of: the exposure to a hazard; the
conditions of vulnerability that are present; and
insufficient capacity or measures to reduce or cope
with the potential negative consequences,

B. Republic Act 10121
• May 27, 2010 – RA 10121 was signed into law.
• It was also known as Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Act of 2010
• An Act strengthening the PDRRM System, providing for the
NDRRM Plan appropriating Funds thereof and for other
purposes.
• There was a paradigm shift in the country’s disaster
management system, from one primarily focused on
response and preparedness for response to one focused on
reducing and managing disaster risks.

C. The Four Thematic Areas of DRRM
Disaster Risk Reduction

Management (DRRM)
• Systematic process of using administrative
directives, organizations, and operational skills
and capacities to implement strategies, policies
and improved coping capacities in order to
lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the
possibility of disaster
(RA 10121)

Policies, Ordinances, Contingency planning,

Laws, Risk Assessment, EWS, Evacuation Plan
DRRM Planning, Trainings, Drills,
Pre-disaster
Dredging, Cleanup, Simulations, Inventory,
Infrastructure Stockpiling, Public
Prevention and awareness
Preparedness
Mitigation
Recovery and
Response
Medical Services, Rehabilitation

Psychosocial Support,
Alternative Livelihood, During / Post-disaster Relocation,
Temporary Shelter, Structural Retrofitting,
Relief Delivery Operations Sustainable Livelihood,
Infrastructure Rehabilitation
- NDRRMP aims to provide strategic guidance to
national government agencies (NGAs), local
government units (LGUs), civil society
organizations (CSOs), and development partners
on disaster and climate-resilience actions, the
NDRRMP 2020 – 2030 further strengthened the
four thematic pillars of disaster risk reduction
and management (DRRM). It also harmonizes
national and global frameworks and
commitments towards achieving our vision of a
more inclusive and progressive Philippines.
- The National DRRM Plan 2020-2030 adheres
to the principles of whole-of-society and
whole-of-government approaches.
- The COVID-19 pandemic brought to light the
weaknesses and gaps of policies, systems,
and structures that lack an all- hazards
approach, and makes a compelling case for
the consideration of a broad range of hazards
—current, emerging, cascading, and complex
— in risk reduction and resilience-building.
Thematic Area I. Prevention and Mitigation

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation is about
understanding risk and ensuring that policies, plans and
budget are risk-informed and provide an enabling
environment for sustained actions aimed at addressing
current and reducing future risks. It is about access, use
and application of science in risk reduction and
management work – from assessment to early warning
actions. Also, this thematic pillar is about the
institutionalization of risk financing mechanisms for both
ex-ante and ex post actions, emphasizing the
complementarity of resources to help strengthen
resilience. 2nd Sem / ONSTP - AY2022-2023 / PLM
Sources of Illustrations: Center for Disaster Preparedness

Structural measures are any physical construction to
reduce or avoid possible impacts of hazards, or the
application of engineering techniques or technology to
achieve hazard resistance and resilience in structures or
systems.
Non-structural measures are measures not involving
physical construction which use knowledge, practice or
agreement to reduce disaster risks and impacts, in
particular through policies and laws, public awareness
raising, training and education.

Structural
Breakwater Water Dam

(Manila Bay) (Angat Dam, Bulacan)
Non-Structural
Public Safety measures Legislation Economic Mitigation
LOG BAN
Policy study & Advocacy

Thematic Area II. Preparedness

Disaster Preparedness provides for key strategic actions that give
importance to community awareness and understanding,
contingency planning, conduct of local drills, competency
building for survival and rescue, and the development of
needed disaster preparedness and response plans. In preparing
communities and governments for possible disasters, pre-
determined needs based on information available are crucial.
Risk-related information coming from the Prevention and
Mitigation aspect is necessary in order for preparedness activities
to be responsive to the needs of the people and situation on the
ground. Also, policies, budget, and institutional mechanisms
established under the Disaster Prevention and Mitigation aspect
will be further enhanced through capacity building activities,
development of coordination mechanisms, among others.
Let’s study our

disaster situation
Public Awareness Community Contingency Plan

and Early Vulnerability, (per hazard),
Warning Capacity and Training and
Adaptation education, and
Sources of Illustrations: Center for Assessment drills
Disaster Preparedness
Sources of Illustrations: Center for
Disaster Preparedness

Strengthening organization and inter-agency arrangements

Barangay
Tulong-tulong
Food & water
committee
Barangay
DRRM Medical &
Logistics sanitation
committee Committee committee
Logistics support Networking

committee
and stockpile Sources of Illustrations: Center for Disaster Preparedness

Thematic Area III. Response
Disaster Response provides for key actions that give

importance to activities during the actual disaster
response operations such as needs assessment, search
and rescue, relief operations, and early recovery
activities. The activities identified will be done either
before the actual response operations or during the
disaster event. Overall, the success and realization of this
priority area rely heavily on the completion of the
activities under both the prevention and mitigation and
preparedness aspects.

Sources of Photos Plan International, Office of Civil Defense
•Rapid Damage
Assessment and
Needs Analysis
(RDANA)
OCD Photo
• Setting up of Emergency
• Search and Rescue
Operations Center
Sources of Photos Plan International, Office of Civil Defense
Repair of damaged facilities

Photos courtesy of Plan International Typhoon Frank 2008
• Psycho-social counseling (comforting, critical stress debriefing, prayers)

Thematic Area IV. Rehabilitation and Recovery
The Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery aspect covers

recovery efforts related to employment and livelihoods,
infrastructure and lifeline facilities, and housing and
resettlement to bring the affected area back to normal as
quickly as possible.
Always……..
Build Back Better

Thematic Area IV. Rehabilitation and Recovery
Repair of physical damage and community facilities, revival of economic

activities and improvement of DRRM mechanism
D. Agencies Involved in DRRM
• Main key agencies:
• Department of National Defense (DND)

• Office of Civil Defense (OCD)
• Department of Science of Technology (DOST)
• Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG)
• Department of Social Welfare and Development
(DSWD)
• National Economic and Development Authority
(NEDA)

E. Emergency Alert and Warning Systems
We receive it via Short Messaging System (SMS) or Electronic Cell Broadcast

System (ECBS)

IV. Basic Concepts in Disaster
Hazard Disaster Vulnerability
Capacity Exposure Disaster Risk

Hazard
A potentially damaging physical event,

phenomenon, or human activity that may
cause the loss of life or injury, property
damage, social and economic disruption, or
environmental degradation
Types of Hazards
• Physical Hazards
Agent or factor or circumstances that can cause harm
with or without contact.

Types of Hazards
• Chemical Hazards
An occupational hazard caused by exposure to chemicals
in the workplace (or at home or school), which can
cause health problems.

Types of Hazards
• Ergonomic Hazards
Are physical conditions that may pose risk of injury to
the musculoskeletal system.

Types of Hazards
• Biological Hazards
Are biological substances that pose threat to the health
of living organisms, primarily humans.

Types of Hazards
• Psychological (Psycho-Social) Hazards
Occupational hazard that affects the psychological and
physical well-being of workers, including their ability
to participate in a working environment among
people.

Types of Hazards
• Environmental Hazards
A substance, a state or an event which has the potential

to threaten the surrounding the natural environment
or adversely affect people’s health, including pollution
and natural disasters such as storms and earthquakes.

Disaster
A serious disruption of the functioning of a

community or a society involving widespread
human, material, economic or environmental
losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the
affected community or society to cope using its
own resources.
Types of Disasters
• Natural:
Typhoon, earthquake, volcanic
eruption, Drought
• Human-Induced:
Fire, industrial accident, oil
spill, armed conflict

Hazard Disaste
r
Source: 2008. Disaster Risk Reduction Resource Manual. DepEd pdf

Vulnerability
Characteristics and circumstances of a

community, system, or asset that make it
susceptible to the damaging effects of a
hazard

Capacity
The ability of households and communities to cope

when hazards occur is referred to as capacity. It is the
sum of all the strengths, attributes, and resources
available in a community, society, or organization
that can be used to achieve a common goal.

Exposure
•The degree to which a community is likely to experience

hazard events of different magnitude
•Refers to the physical location (e.g. proximity to a body of
water), characteristics (type of soil, topography,
temperature), and population density (overpopulation,
congestion) of a community that “exposes” it to hazards

Disaster Risk
•The probability that a hazard would hit a

vulnerable community and would result in
loss of lives and physical damage.

V. Overview of Disaster Management
A. Disaster Risk Equation

B. Disaster Management Plan

VI. Philippine Disaster Risk Profile
5 Reasons Why Philippines is Disaster Prone
Lies along the typhoon belt
Lies along the Pacific Ring of Fire
Coastal Homes
Deforestation
Poverty and underdevelopment

VIII. Disaster Preparedness during…
A. Earthquake / Lindol
“Any sudden shaking of the

ground caused by the passage
of seismic
waves through Earth’s rocks.
Seismic waves are produced
when some form of energy
stored in Earth’s crust is
suddenly released, usually
when masses of rock straining
against one another suddenly
fracture and “slip.””
51
Epicenter is the point on

the surface of the earth
directly above the focus.
Focus is point inside the earth

where the earthquake started,
sometimes called
the hypocenter
52
2nd Sem / ONSTP - AY2022-2023 / PLM 54

Types of Earthquake: Tectonic Earthquake

Produced by sudden
movement along
faults and plate
boundaries.

Types of Earthquake: Volcanic Earthquake
Induced by
rising lava or
magma
beneath active
volcanoes

Ang lindol ay minomonitor at itinatala ng “seismograph,”
isang instrumento na sumusukat ng lindol. Sa kasalukuyan,
ang mga instrumenting panukat ng lindol (seismograph) sa
buong Pilipinas ay nakakatala ng di bababa sa 20 lindol bawat
araw, kung saan, 4 hanggang 5 ang nararamdaman kada
linggo. 57
Intensity – the strength of

an earthquake as
perceived and felt by
people in a certain
locality. Represented by
Roman numerals (I,II,V,IX).
Magnitude – energy
released by an
earthquake at the
focus. Represented by
Arabic numbers
(1,2,3,4)
58
Philvolcs Earthquake Intensity Scale
I Scarcely Perceptible
II Slightly Felt
III Weak
IV Moderately Strong
V Strong
VI Very Strong
VII Destructive
VIII Very Destructive
IX Devastating
X Completely Devastating
59
Dangers posed by earthquakes:
1.Ground shaking (pagyanig) - ang
makapaminsalang baba-taas at paduyang galaw
na nararamdaman kapag may lindol; maaring
maging epekto ng malakas na pagyanig ay ang
pagkapinsala o tuluyang pagguho ng istruktura o
mga gusali. (hal. Ang pagguho ng mga gusali
katulad ng Hyatt Hotel sa siyudad ng Baguio
nuong 16 July 1990)
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2. Ground rupture (pagbitak ng lupa) -

paglikha ng bago o muling pag-alagwa sa
mga bitak ng lupa (o fault) na nakapagitan
sa dalawang bahagi ng bloke lupa na
gumagalaw ng palihis o sa magkasaliwang
direksyon. (hal. Ang pagbitak na naganap sa
kahabaan ng Digdig Fault noong Hulyo
1990)
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63
3. Liquefaction (pagsasatubig ng lupa) - ito ay
ang pagbabago ng tibay ng lupa mula s pagiging
bato at matigas hanggang sa parang maging
likido; dahil dito ang anumang istruktura katulad
ng bahay o gusali na nasa ibabaw ay maaring
lumubog o tumagilid.
(hal. Ang mga naganap na paglubog at pagtagilid
ng bahay at gusali sa Dagupan noong Hulyo
1990) 64
65
4. Landslide(pagtabag ng lupa) - paguguho

ng lupa at bato sa dalisdis ng bundok dahil sa
pagyanig ng lupa dahil sa lindol.
(hal. Mga pagtabag na naganap sa
kadundukan ng Nueva Ecija at siyudad ng
Baguio noong Hulyo 1990)
66
67
5. Tsunami – ang sunod-sunod na

malahiganteng alon sa dagat na nalilikha ng
isang lindol na ang epicenter ay nasa ilalim
ng dagat o malapit sa baybay dagat. (hal.
Ang tsunami na naganap noong Agosto 1976
sa Gulpo ng Moro at lindol noong
Nobyembre 1994 sa Oriental Mindoro.
68
69
What to do BEFORE an EARTHQUAKE
• Familiarize yourself with: fire extinguishers, medical
kit, exit routes, evacuation plan
• Check your house and have it repaired if necessary
• Store harmful chemicals and flammable materials
properly
• Secure heavy furniture and hanging objects
• Prepare your family’s GO BAG
• Participate in office and community earthquake
drills.
70

What to do DURING an EARTHQUAKE
• When inside a building, stay calm and do the following: DUCK,
COVER, HOLD
• Duck under a strong table and hold on to it. Stay alert for
potential threats.
• Stay away from glass windows, shelves, and heavy objects.
• After shaking stops, exit the building, and go to designated
evacuation area.
• When you are outside, move to an open area
• Stay away from buildings, trees, electric posts and landslide
prone areas.
• If you’re in a moving vehicle, stop and exit the vehicle.
71

What to do AFTER an EARTHQUAKE
• Assess yourself and others for injuries. Provide
first aid if necessary.
• Prioritize the needs of older persons, pregnant women,
PWDs, and children.
• If in a coastal area and there is a threat of a tsunami,
evacuate to higher ground immediately.
• Check for spills of toxic and flammable chemicals.
• Stay out of the building until advised that it is safe to
return.
• Check for damages in water and electrical lines, and gas
or LPG leaks. 72

How to prepare your family for an earthquake?
• Check the location of your house (HazardHunter.ph)
• Assess your house – How safe is my house?
• Orient family members about earthquake hazards
• Teach each member – Duck, Cover, Hold
• Observe safe and unsafe spaces in your house
• Prepare GO Bag
• Prepare Family Emergency Preparedness Plan
• Familiarize your family with the community earthquake evacuation plan
• Know the community emergency contact numbers and facilities
• Regularly conduct earthquake drill
• Educate family members on basic first aid, use of fire extinguishers, switching
waterlines, gas lines and circuit breakers.
• Agree on where to evacuate and unite and how to communicate with each
other
73
74
B. Tropical Cyclone / Typhoon / Bagyo
Tropical cyclone is defined as a non-frontal, synoptic-scale

cyclone developing over tropical and sub-tropical waters at any
level and having a definitely organized circulation.
- PAGASA
Ang bagyo ay isang uri ng lagay na panahon na nagdudulot ng

malakas at mabilis na hangin at pag-ulan na maaaring maging
sanhi ng matitinding pagbaha, daluyong ng dagat at pagguho
ng lupa.
- NDRRMC
75
To be Continued

Tropical Cyclone / Tropical Storm / Typhoon / Hurricane / Cyclonic /
Willy-Willy
The terms used just varies per region or from different parts of the world.
For the Philippine Weather System, we categorize and use the terms based
from the wind’s intensity.
77
78
Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal
Ito ay nilalabas ng PAGASA upang bigyang babala ang publiko sa pagdating ng

sama ng panahon, ang lakas ng bagyo, at lugar na maaapektuhan nito.
Ang signal number sa isang lugar ay nakabatay sa tindi, laki ng sirkulasyon,

direksyon, at bilis ng isang bagyo.
Habang kumikilos ang bagyo sa loob ng Philippine Area of Responsibility,

maaaring itaas o ibaba ang binigay na TCWS.
79
80
Notable Terminologies
Thunderstorm
• Ito ay local scale weather system, ibig sabihin masamang panahon sa
maliit na lugar at panandalian lang, na maaring magdala ng mabigat na
buhos ng ulan, malakas na hangin at may kasama pang pagkulog at
pagkidlat. Ang isang thunderstorm ay maaring magtagal sa loob ng 2
oras.
Tornado
• Ang tornado ay ang malakas na pag-ikot ng hangin na galing sa isang
severe thunderstorm na maaring magdala ng hangin na hihigit sa 400
km/hr. Ito ay kadalasan nabubuo sa isang patag na lugar na maaring
umabot ng 2 milya at nagtatagal ng hanggang 30 minuto. Ang pinsala
dulot ng tornado ay doon lamang sa mga lugar na dadaan nito.
81
Notable Terminologies
Intertropical Convergence Zone ITCZ

• Ito ay local scale weather system, ibig sabihin masamang panahon sa
maliit na lugar at panandalian lang, na maaring magdala ng mabigat na
buhos ng ulan, malakas na hangin at may kasama pang pagkulog at
pagkidlat. Ang isang thunderstorm ay maaring magtagal sa loob ng 2
oras.
PAR o Philippine Area of Responsibility

• ang lugar na itinakda ng World Meteorological Organization (WMO) sa
PAGASA upang bantayan at magbigay ng impormasyon tungkol sa
pamumuo ng sama ng panahon tulad ng Bagyo sa local na lugar at sa
internasyunal.
82
Anu po ang ibig sabihin ng landfall ng bagyo?
• ay nangangahulugan na ang sentro o mata ng bagyo ay tumama sa

anumang kalupaan ng bansa. Hindi ito kaparehas ng pagpasok ng bagyo
sa PAR dahil sa kalayuan ng boundary ng ating ating PAR sa kalupaan ng
bansa upang bigyan ng panahon upang makapaghanda ang mga tao.
83
Mga panganib na dulot ng bagyo
Malakas na
Pagbaha
Hangin
Daluyong ng
Pagguho ng
bagyo o storm
lupa
surge
85
Daluyong ng bagyo o storm surge
Is an abnormal rise of water due to

tropical cyclone
Noong Nobyembre 8, 2013, ang

daluyong ng dagat na hatid ng Bagyong
Yolanda ang naging sanhi ng kamatayan
ng karamihan sa higit sa 6,000 biktima
sa mga rehiyon sa Visayas
86
STORM SURGE - Before
Know if your area has potential treat

Monitor the weather and watch out for advisories and warnings
Know the location of evacuation sites
Secure your home
GO BAG
Turn of switches: electricity, water, LPG tanks
Evacuate to higher and safer grounds
87
STORM SURGE - During
Stay indoors and stay tuned for latest news and weather updates
Move away from seashores
DO NOT touch electrical equipment if you are wet or standing in

floodwater
88
STORM SURGE - After
Stay alert and keep safe

Leave the evacuation area when it is safe
Check for missing persons and report it
Bring injured and sick to the nearest hospital
Report fallen trees and electric posts to proper authorities
Check your house for possible damages and repair as necessary
Be sure that food and water for drinking are not contaminated by flood water
89
Tropical Cyclone - Before
Monitor the news for weather updates, warnings and advisories

Know early warning and evacuation plan of the community
Check the integrity of your house and repair weak parts
GO BAG
Put Livestock and pets in safe area of designated evacuation site for
animals
When notified, immediately go to the designated evacuation center
90
Tropical Cyclone - During
Stay alert and stay tuned
Stay calm. Stay indoors and tune in for latest news and updates
Turn of main electrical switch and water valve

Use flashlight or emergency lamp. Be cautious in using candles and gas
lamps.
Stay away from glass windows
91
Tropical Cyclone - After
Wait for authorities to declare that it is safe to return home

Stay away from fallen trees, damaged structures, and power lines
Do not go sightseeing
Be cautious in checking and repairing the damaged parts of your house
Check for submerged electrical outlets and appliances before turning on
electricity
Throw away rainwater in cans, pots and tires to prevent breeding of
mosquitos
92
C. Tsunami
• Sunod-sunod na dambuhalang alon na karaniwang likha ng
lindol na nagmumula sa ilalim ng dagat.
• Ang taas nito ay maaring humigit pa sa 5 metro. Ang tsunami

ay naipagkakamali tawaging “tidal wave” at kung minsan ay
iniuugnay sa likha ng bagyo (storm surge).
• Ang tsunami ay nangyayari kung ang pinagmulan ng lindol ay

mababaw at sapat ang lakas upang magalaw ang ilalim ng
dagat at matinag ang tubig na nasa ibabaw nito
93
C. Tsunami
94
C. Tsunami
95
C. Tsunami
URI NG TSUNAMI GENERATION
- MGA TSUNAMI NA MALAYO AND
PINAGMULAN / FAR FIELD (DISTANT
TSUNAMI) Malayo ang pinagmulan, gaya ng
mga bansang nakapalibot sa Pacific Ocean
(Japan, Chile, Alaska, America)
Ang tsunami noong ika-2 ng Mayo 1960 na

likha ng malakas na lindol sa Chile ay kumitil ng
61 buhay sa Hilo, Hawaii habang 20 katao ang
iniulat na namatay sa Pilipinas. Higit na
matagal (1 hanggang 24 oras) ang paglalakbay
ng mga tsunami na galing sa malalayong lugar
bago umabot dito.
96
C. Tsunami
LOKAL NA TSUNAMI - Malapit ang pinagmulan,kayang makarating sa

baybayin sa loob ng 2 hanggang 5 minuto matapos ang lindol
Noong ika-17 ng Agosto 1976, isang lindol na may lakas na M7.9 sa Moro Gulf
ang lumikha ng tsunami na sumalanta sa timog-kanlurang baybayin ng
Mindanao, kumitil ng 3,000 buhay, at higit-kumulang sa 1,000 tao anfg nawala.
Mahigit din sa 8,000 katao ang nasugatan at tinatayang 12,000 mag-anak ang
nawalan ng tirahan dulot ng mahigit 5 metrong taas na alon.
Ang lindol na naganap sa Mindoro noong ika-15 ng Nobyembre 1994 ay

lumikha din ng tsunami na nag-iwan ng 78 patay.
97
C. Tsunami
LOKAL NA TSUNAMI
Ang unang alon ng mga tsunami na ito ay nakarating sa pinakamalapit na

baybayin mula sa episentro sa loob ng 2 hanggang 5 minuto matapos ang
lindol. Ang mga tsunami na ito ay parehong malapit ang pinagmulan o 'locally
generated'. Walang sapat na panahon upang makapagbigay babala kung ang
tsunami ay 'locally generated'.
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99
C. Tsunami
HOW TO CONDUCT TSUNAMI DRILL
TSUNAMI HAZARD MAP – shows

areas that can be affected by a
tsunami. Hazard maps are meant
to educate and prepare the
community and can be used as
tools in planning evacuations.
These maps are generated by
experts and specialists after
careful study of the area
100
C. Tsunami
TSUNAMI EVACUATION MAP –

shows areas identified within hazard
zones and areas which are safe. This
map serves direction to identified
evacuation sites.
101
C. Tsunami

Ask authorities to put up signages such as:
102
C. Tsunami
PHASES OF A TSUNAMI DRILL
Phase 1: Alarm
Phase 2: Reaction
Phase 3: Evacuation
1 minute signifying
strong earthquake
Duck, Cover, Hold
Go to designated
evacuation areas
103
C. Tsunami
Phase 4: Assembly
Phase 5: Headcount
Group together per family,

per purok - families in the
same area To know if everyone is
accounted for
104
C. Tsunami
Phase 6: Drill Termination

Phase 7: Post-drill evaluation
Inform everybody that drill

has ended Assess the conduct of the
drill for further improvement
105
C. Tsunami Warning System
No Tsunami Threat • No evacuation needed
• PHIVOLCS will monitor sea level for

Sea level change changes and provide updates
monitoring • No evacuation order in effect
• Some coastal areas may have waves up to

Minor sea level 1 meter above expected ocean tides
disturbance • Stay away from beach/ coastal areas
• Destructive tsunami is generated with life

Tsunami Warning threatening wave heights
• Immediate evacuation
106
C. Tsunami
Paalala:
Maging mapagmasid sa dalampasigan

matapos and lindol. Kung may mabilis na
pagbaba ng tubig, huwag manatili sa
mababang lugar.
107
108
What to do Before a Tsunami?
Know if your area has potential threat of tsunami
Know the evacuation sites and fastest and safest route to go there
Participate in community tsunami drills
Plant mangroves and trees near the shore
GO BAG
109
What to do During a Tsunami?
Know the signs of incoming tsunami

• Earthquakes,
• sudden drop or rise of sea level,
• Roaring sound of incoming tsunami
Stay on higher grounds

• Do not stay on low-lying coastal area,
• Never go down to watch the tsunami
110
What to do After a Tsunami?
Do not Leave the evacuation site and stay away from sea, unless
authorized
Check for missing persons are report
Bring injured and sick to hospital

Check for wet and submerged electrical outlets and appliiances
before turning on electricity
111
D. Pagguho ng lupa / Landslide
Ang pagguho ng lupa/ landslide ay

tumutukoy sa ilang anyo ng paggalaw ng
dalusdos kabilang ang ilang mga
paggalaw ng lupa tulad ng pagguho ng
mga bato, pagkabasak ng napakalalim
na dalusdos, pagbaha ng putik at
pagdaloy ng mga tirang bagay.
112
Solid-waste slide, Brgy.

Payatas, Quezon City, Metro
Manila, July 2000 Landslide on a cut slope, Earthquake-induced
Brgy. Manipis, Talisay rockslide, Brgy. Conalum,
City, Cebu, September Argao, Cebu, October 2013
2015 – M 7.2 Bohol Earthquake
113
Rain-induced debris flow, Rain-induced landslide,

Brgy. Mayana, Barili, Panaon Island, Southern Rockslide-debris
Cebu, December 2014 – Leyte, December 2003 Avalanche,Brgy. Guinsaugon,
TS Seniang St. Bernard, Southern Leyte,
February 2006
114
115
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Malakas Pag galaw

at tuloy- ng lupa
tuloy na dulot ng
pag ulan lindol
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118
The Dynaslope Project is a research program developing an early warning
system for deep-seated and catastrophic landslides, through landslide sensor
technology and community participation in the Philippines.
Formerly called "DEWS-L" and "DRMS", the Dynaslope Project began in the
University of the Philippines Diliman and was funded by the Department of
Science and Technology. Today, it is being implemented by the Philippine Institute
of Volcanology and Seismology in 50 sites around the country.
119
Awareness and preparedness are the most effective prevention and

mitigation measures against possible threats of landslide in the community.
HAZARD MAPPING PUBLIC INFORMATION
Landslide Susceptibility Map Landslide Warning Signs

121
What can be done to minimize landslide risks?
Engineering intervention measures or slope protection measures
Benching, Brgy. Puguis, Retaining wall, Brgy. Eastern 122
La Trinidad, Benguet Poblacion, Poro, Cebu

Riprap, Balut Island, Sarangani, Davao Gabion walls

Occidental
123
Shotcrete Drainage
124
Erosion-control, Coconet Bio-engineering Erosion-control, Vetiver grass
125
• Early Warning System (EWS)

EWS are monitoring systems
designed to predict events that precede
landslides in order to issue a hazard
warning.
It mitigates risk by reducing the

consequences.
126
D. Pagguho ng lupa / landslide
Landslide - Before
Know the landslide areas and learn the early signs of impending landslides
GO BAG
Know the location of the evacuation site and fastest and safest way to go
there
When notifies, immediately evacuate to higher grounds
127
Landslide - During
When inside a house or building and evacuation is not possible, stay inside
and stay under a sturdy table
When outside, avoid affected areas and go to a safer place
When landslide cannot be avoided, protect the head
When driving, do not cross bridges and damaged roads
128
Landslide - After
Leave evacuation area when authorized to do so / Avoid landslide prone
areas
Watch out for possible flashfloods due to clogging of creeks and rivers
Check for missing persons and report it
Bring injured and sick to the hospital
Check your house for damage and repair as necessary
Report fallen trees and electric posts to proper authorities
129
130
E. Volcanic Eruption
What is a volcano?
• A vent, hill or mountain from which molten or hot rocks
with gaseous material have been ejected
• Also craters, depressions, hills or mountains formed by
removal of pre-existing material or by accumulation of
ejected materials
Why does the Philippines have many

volcanoes? The Philippines sits on a unique tectonic setting ideal to
volcanism and earthquake activity. It is situated at the
boundaries of two tectonic plates – the Philippine Sea Plate
and the Eurasian plate – both of which subduct or dive
beneath the archipelago along the deep trenches along its east
and west seaboard.
131
Volcanic hazards directly associated with eruption
• Lava flow
• Tephra fall or ashfall and ballistic projectiles
• Pyroclastic density currents or PDCs (pyroclastic flow, pyroclastic surge,
base surge)
• Lateral blast
• Volcanic gas
132
Volcanic hazards indirectly associated with eruption
• Lahar, flooding
• Debris avalanche, landslide
• Volcanic tsunami
• Ground deformation (subsidence, fissuring)
• Secondary explosion
• Secondary PDCs and ashfall
133
Volcano and its hazards
134
135
Alert Level Alert Level Alert Level Alert Level Alert Level
1 2 3 4 5
Low Level Moderate Relatively Intense Hazardous
Unrest Unrest High Unrest Eruption
Unrest Ongoing
136
Volcanic Ash is very fine particles of rock that

erupted explosively into the air by a volcano.
Because of its fine size, and abrasive and
corrosive nature, ash can threaten the health
of people and livestock, pose hazards to flying
airplanes, damage electronics and machinery,
interrupt services and utilities such as power,
water supply and communication.
137
Volcanic Ash - Before

• Listen to the radio for updates from authority when there is an impending
eruption that may cause ashfall
• Prepare emergency supply kit and place in an accessible area
• Prepare dust mask or clean cloth for covering the nose and goggles for
eye protection
• Prepare cleaning supplies such as broom, vacuum cleaner with spare bags
and filters, and a shovel
• Consider that you can be stuck in your vehicle, store emergency supplies
in your vehicle
• Have food and water provision for pets, poultry, and livestocks
• Know the location of evacuation areas
• If you have children, know the school’s emergency plan
• Have indoor games and activities for children.
138
Volcanic Ash - During

• Stay calm. Stay indoors. Cover your nose and mouth with damp, clean
cloth or dust mask
• Close all windows and doors of your house and your car
• Place damp towels or cloth at door openings and other open sources
• Wash all fruits and vegetables thoroughly before eating
• Listen to the radio for updates/ developments regarding the volcanic
eruption
• Keep your pets in their shelter or inside the house to avoid inhaling ash
• If you are driving a vehicle, pull to the side of the road and STOP if there is
heavy ashfall which causes poor/low visibility
• If outside, look for shelter and wear glasses to protect your eyes. Avoid
using contact lenses
• Cover water containers and food to avoid contamination from ash.
139
Volcanic Ash - After

• As soon as ashfall diminishes, scrape of the ash that has accumulated on
the rooftops to prevent collapse
• After removing the ash, clean the roof and gutter with water to prevent
corrosion
• Remove ash from windows and doors of the house and car. Use water
before washing them with soap and lukewarm water.
• Collect the ashes and put them in an area far from water drainage to
avoid clogging
• Wash grass before feeding the animals or livestock
• Boil water before drinking
• Use powdered detergent in washing clothes covered in ash
• Use a vacuum cleaner or share the furniture to loosen and clean the ash.
Coveryour nose and mouth while cleaning
140
Volcanic Eruption - Before

Signs of impending eruption: Increase of volcanic quakes with rumbling sounds,
color of steam emission from white to gray, drying up of vegetation, springs and
well around the volcano
Know the community’s safety plan
Monitor the volcano updates and watch out for advisories and warnings
Know the location of the evacuation site and the fastest and safest way to
go there
GO BAG
141
Volcanic Eruption - During
When notified, immediately evacuate to safer grounds
Assists in evacuating children, pregnant women, PWDs and older people
Cover your mouth with wet cloth and wear protective googles
Keep your pets in their shelter or inside to avoid them from inhaling ash
Stay away from rivers and streams for possible lahar flow
142
Volcanic Eruption - After
Leave the evacuation area only when authorities say it is safe
Wear mask when cleaning
Scape the accumulated ash in roofs to prevent collapse
Shake loose ash from plants before watering
143
F. Fire/ Sunog
Ito ay bantang panganib sa

kaligtasan ng tao at sa kanyang ari-
arian at kabuhayan.
144
F. Fire/ Sunog
How fire starts?
145
F. Fire/ Sunog
Chemical Reaction, as
the 4th element
All three
elements
must be
present.
Remove one
element to
control or
eliminate
fire.
146
147
F. Fire/ Sunog
FUEL – combustible objects like wood, plastic, paper, clothes, gasoline, oil,
paints, and kerosene
OXYGEN – present in the environment
HEAT – or source of heat like sun, sparks, lightning
CHEMICAL REACTION – the continuous reaction of the 3 elements
148
PAG IWAS SA SUNOG
149
F. Fire/ Sunog
Estimated Infrastructure
Fire Alarm Level
Affected
First Alarm 2-3 houses
Second Alarm 4-5 houses
6-7 houses or high-rise
Third Alarm
building
Fourth Alarm
building
Fifth Alarm
building
Task Force Alpha 12x12 houses
150
F. Fire/ Sunog
Estimated Infrastructure
Fire Alarm Level
Affected
Task Force Bravo 15x15 houses
Fire affecting significant part
Task Force Charlie
of the area
Task Force Fire affecting significant part
Delta/ Echo/ Hotel/ India of the area
Fire affecting major part of the
General Alarm
area
Under Control Decreasing Fire Risk
Fire Out Fire has been neutralized
151
F. Fire/ Sunog
Fire extinguishers comes in different contents: water, foam,

powder, CO2, HALON 1211 and are intended for specific use.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
152
F. Fire/ Sunog
Fire extinguishers are

rated per class intended
for specific use.
There are multipurpose

extinguishers like, ABC,
meaning, they can be
used for Ordinary
combustibles, flammable
liquids, and live electrical
equipment.
153
F. Fire/ Sunog
Multi purpose fire

extinguisher suitable for
Class ABC
154
F. Fire/ Sunog
How to use a fire extinguisher?
P – pull the pin

A – aim at the base of fire
S – squeeze the lever
S – sweep side to side
155
Fire Prevention
Befriend a fireman / ensure that fire alarms and sprinklers work / Practice your
evacuation plan and participate in fire drills
Turn off LPG tanks when not in use / Do not leave lighted candles and
cigarettes unattended
Hire an electrician to check on your electrical wirings at least once a year /
Unplug appliances and gadgets after using or charging
Teach children on fire safety
Learn how to use the fire extinguishers
156
In case of fire
Stay calm and evacuate immediately
Sound the fire alarm and call 911 for assistance
If you’re in a building, use the stairs and do not use elevators

Before opening the doors, check handle first. If hot, do not open as the room may
already be on fire.
If there is smoke, get down low and cover your mouth and nose with damp cloth
If your clothes catch fire, STOP running, DROP to the floor, and ROLL to put the
flames out.
If trapped, stay in the room and signal for help using bright colored cloth at the
window or make noise
After the fire, do not return inside your house or building unless authorities deemed
it safe
157
G. Baha / Flood
Ang baha o flooding ay ang hindi inaasahang pagtaas ng tubig sa

isang lugar dulot ng tuloy tuloy na pag-ulan, storm-sruge, tsunami
o high tide. Ito ay maaari ring dulot ng mga gawain ng tao tulad ng
maling pangangasiwa ng basura at kanal, pagputol ng puno at
pagpapakawala ng tubig sa dam.
158
G. Baha / Flood
Ano ang maaaring idulot nito?

• Pagpasok ng tubig-baha sa loob ng bahay
• Paglubog ng bahay sa baha
• Maaaring pagmulan ng ng sakit tulad ng leptospirosis,
diarrhea at iba pa
• Pagkakuryente sa tubig-baha
• Pagkalunod
• Pagkatangay ng mga mapanganib na hayop o bagay tulad ng
ahas at iba pang debris
159
G. Baha/ Flood
Rainfall Warning
Ang rainfall warning ay isang

batayan kung ano ang kailangang
gawing aksyon ng bawat isa at ng
bawat pamilya kung sakaling
magkaroon ng mahina o malakas
na ulan upang maiwasan ang
sakuna.
160
Flood - Before
Know the flood early warning and evacuation plan of the community
Participate in community flood preparedness actions and drills
Secure your home. Move essential furniture and items to the upper floor
Before evacuating, turn off all main switches of electricity, water and LPG tanks
Put livestock and pets in a safe area or designated evacuation sites for animals
When order is received, immediately evacuate to higher grounds
161
Flood - During
Stay indoors and stay tuned for latest news and weather updates
Do not touch electrical equipment if your are wet or standing in floodwater
Do not go swimming or boating in swollen rivers
Do not cross streams when water level is already above the knee
Do not walk or drive through flooded areas
162
Flood - After
Leave the evacuation area only when authorized
Report fallen trees and electric posts to authorities
Check for wet or submerged electrical outlets and appliances before turning on
electricity
Make sure that the food and water for drinking are not contaminated by flood
water
Throw away rainwater in cans, pots and tires to prevent breeding of mosquitos
163
IX. Community Based Disaster Preparedness
A. Community based preparedness
 is a process of bringing people together within the same community to

enable them to collectively address a common disaster risk and to
collectively pursue common disaster preparedness.
 the ability of communities to prepare for, withstand, and recover from

natural or human-made disasters
 Community preparedness aims to assist communities to withstand a crisis

event, minimize the mental health impacts and support community
recovery.
164
B. Spectrum of Responsibilities of Communities
Level 1: Information Level 2: Consultation

• Simply facilitating • More formal mechanisms for
communication between consulting communities (to
service providers and the solve problems and make best
citizens in the neighborhood use of resources)
165
Level 3: Responsive Level 4: Collective Choice

Accountability • For example, choosing on
• Representative and democratic behalf of a community between
forums which service providers service options available from a
are obliged to consult and/or provider or council
account to (deliberative forums)
166
Level 5: Service Control

• Empowerment to control
service delivery
(commissioning additional
services)
167
C. Community Preparedness Tips
Helpful tips on how to be prepared for disasters:
 Don’t PANIC & Stay ALERT

 Get the details and assess – what, who, where and why
 Report to authorities
 Create Community Group Chat
168
What to prepare:
a. GO BAG – (refer
to your Family
Emergency
Preparedness
Plan)
b. Emergency
Balde / E-BALDE –
a localized
version of Go
Bag, which makes
it more practical
and useful.
169
Always keep a copy of these emergency numbers:
170
Visit HazardHunterPH, GeoAnalyticsPH, GeoMapperPH to know more

about your community
https://gisweb.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/portal/apps/MapSeries/index.html?ap
pid=2935674d8ef747869615056f30bb85a9
171
REFERENCES:
“ABCs of Fire Extinguishers | Fire Prevention Services | the University of Texas at Austin.” Utexas.edu, 2019,
fireprevention.utexas.edu/firesafety/abcs-fire-extinguishers.
Disaster Preparedness Typhoons FAQ. (n.d.). Mmda.gov.ph. https://mmda.gov.ph/mmdrrmc/20-faq/5500-disaster-preparedness-

typhoons-faq.html
Earthquake - Volcanism. (n.d.). Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/earthquake-geology/Volcanism
Gillespie, C. (2018, April 10). What Is a Tectonic Earthquake? Sciencing. https://sciencing.com/tectonic-earthquake-8662520.html
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 2020-2030. (2020). National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management. Retrieved
February 28, 2023, from https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/4147/NDRRMP-Pre-Publication-Copy-v2.pdf
PAGASA. (n.d.). Www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph. https://www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/learnings/faqs-and-trivias
PAGASA. (n.d.). About Tropical Cyclones. Www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph. https://www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/information/about-tropical-cyclone
PHIVOLCS. (2018). Introduction to Earthquake. Dost.gov.ph. https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/earthquake/introduction-to-

earthquake
Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030. UNDRR. (n.d.). Retrieved March 1, 2023, from
https://www.undrr.org/publication/sendai-framework-disaster-risk-reduction-2015-2030
Staff, P. (2005). Earthquake Preparedness. Dost.gov.ph. https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/earthquake/earthquake-

preparedness
Ubongeh, A. (2022, June 28). 6 major types of hazards you should know. HSEWatch. Retrieved February 28, 2023, from
https://hsewatch.com/types-of-hazards/
VIDEO REFERENCES:
Mga Dapat Malaman sa Big One. (n.d.). Www.youtube.com. Retrieved March 6, 2023, from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-WoRReLpKY&t=19s
The Science Behind the Massive Turkey-Syria Earthquakes | WSJ. (n.d.). Www.youtube.com.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hd4xCmuwiBw
Kuya Kim still standing after intensity 8 “earthquake” - video Dailymotion. (2019, August 15). Dailymotion.
https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7g5nr1
National Geographic. (2011). Rare Video: Japan Tsunami | National Geographic. In YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWzdgBNfhQU
Japan Tsunami 3-11-2011. (2011). [YouTube Video]. In YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3618dZoiaPE


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Comprehensive

• To comprehensively discuss the “Things to

• To further enhance the skills and knowledge

2nd Sem / ONSTP - AY2022-2023 / PLM

C. The Four Thematic E. Emergency Alerts and

2nd Sem / ONSTP - AY2022-2023 / PLM

2nd Sem / ONSTP - AY2022-2023 / PLM

2nd Sem / ONSTP - AY2022-2023 / PLM

Disaster Risk Reduction

2nd Sem / ONSTP - AY2022-2023 / PLM

Policies, Ordinances, Contingency planning,

Medical Services, Rehabilitation

Thematic Area I. Prevention and Mitigation

Thematic Area I. Prevention and Mitigation

Thematic Area I. Prevention and Mitigation

Breakwater Water Dam

Public Safety measures Legislation Economic Mitigation

Policy study & Advocacy

Thematic Area II. Preparedness

Thematic Area II. Preparedness

Let’s study our

Public Awareness Community Contingency Plan

2nd Sem / ONSTP - AY2022-2023 / PLM

Thematic Area II. Preparedness

Strengthening organization and inter-agency arrangements

Logistics support Networking

and stockpile Sources of Illustrations: Center for Disaster Preparedness

Thematic Area III. Response

Disaster Response provides for key actions that give

2nd Sem / ONSTP - AY2022-2023 / PLM

Thematic Area III. Response

Thematic Area III. Response

Repair of damaged facilities

2nd Sem / ONSTP - AY2022-2023 / PLM

Thematic Area III. Response

• Psycho-social counseling (comforting, critical stress debriefing, prayers)

2nd Sem / ONSTP - AY2022-2023 / PLM

Sources of Illustrations: Center for Disaster Preparedness

Thematic Area IV. Rehabilitation and Recovery

The Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery aspect covers

Build Back Better

Thematic Area IV. Rehabilitation and Recovery

Repair of physical damage and community facilities, revival of economic

• Department of National Defense (DND)

2nd Sem / ONSTP - AY2022-2023 / PLM

We receive it via Short Messaging System (SMS) or Electronic Cell Broadcast

2nd Sem / ONSTP - AY2022-2023 / PLM

Hazard Disaster Vulnerability

Capacity Exposure Disaster Risk

2nd Sem / ONSTP - AY2022-2023 / PLM

A potentially damaging physical event,

2nd Sem / ONSTP - AY2022-2023 / PLM

2nd Sem / ONSTP - AY2022-2023 / PLM

2nd Sem / ONSTP - AY2022-2023 / PLM

2nd Sem / ONSTP - AY2022-2023 / PLM

2nd Sem / ONSTP - AY2022-2023 / PLM

A substance, a state or an event which has the potential

2nd Sem / ONSTP - AY2022-2023 / PLM

A serious disruption of the functioning of a