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    DNAReplication 103108

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    Wellian Gell Alarcon
    The document discusses DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It describes the process of DNA replication including unwinding, primer synthesis, elongation and ligation. It also details the key enzymes involved like DNA polymerase, ligase and helicase. The document compares differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic replication such as their origin of replication and polymerase types.

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    DNAReplication 103108

    Uploaded by

    Wellian Gell Alarcon
    3 views22 pages
    The document discusses DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It describes the process of DNA replication including unwinding, primer synthesis, elongation and ligation. It also details the key enzymes involved like DNA polymerase, ligase and helicase. The document compares differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic replication such as their origin of replication and polymerase types.

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    General Biology

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    DNAReplication_103108

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    The document discusses DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It describes the process of DNA replication including unwinding, primer synthesis, elongation and ligation. It also details the key enzymes involved like DNA polymerase, ligase and helicase. The document compares differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic replication such as their origin of replication and polymerase types.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    3 views22 pages

    DNAReplication 103108

    Uploaded by

    Wellian Gell Alarcon
    The document discusses DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It describes the process of DNA replication including unwinding, primer synthesis, elongation and ligation. It also details the key enzymes involved like DNA polymerase, ligase and helicase. The document compares differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic replication such as their origin of replication and polymerase types.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 22

    Chapter 2.

    DNA Replication
    The discovery of the double helical DNA structure
    provided a hint as to how DNA divides and makes
    copies of itself.
    This model suggests that the two strands of the double
    helix separate during replication, each strand serving
    as a template from which the new complementary
    strand is copied.
    Suggested Models of DNA Replication
    Meselson and Stahl Experiment
    DNA Replication in Prokaryotes

    Lesson 1
    DNA Replication Process
    1. DNA unwinds at the origin of replication.
    2. Helicase opens up the DNA-forming replication
    forks; these are extended bidirectionally.
    3. Single-strand binding proteins coat the DNA around
    the replication fork to prevent rewinding of the
    DNA.
    DNA Replication Process
    4. Topoisomerase binds at the ahead of the replication
    fork to prevent supercoiling.
    5. Primase synthesizes RNA primers complementary
    to the DNA strand.
    6. DNA polymerase starts adding nucleotides to the 3’-
    OH end of the primer.
    DNA Replication Process
    7. Elongation of both the lagging and the leading
    strand continues.
    8. RNA primers are removed by exonuclease activity.
    9. Gaps are filled by DNA pol by adding dNTPs.
    DNA Replication Process
    10. The gap between the two DNA fragments is sealed
    by DNA ligase, which helps in the formation of the
    phosphodiester bonds.
    DNA Replication Process
    Enzymes Involved in the Prokaryotic DNA
    Replication
    Prokaryotic DNA Replication Enzymes and Their Function

    Enzyme/Protein Specific Function


    Exonuclease activity removes RNA primer and
    DNA pol I
    replaces with newly synthesized DNA
    DNA pol II Repair function
    Main enzyme that adds nucleotides in the 5’-3’
    DNA pol III
    direction
    Opens the DNA helix by breaking hydrogen bonds
    Helicase
    between the nitrogenous bases.
    Enzymes Involved in the Prokaryotic DNA
    Replication
    Prokaryotic DNA Replication Enzymes and Their Function
    Seals the gaps between the Okazaki fragments to
    Ligase
    create one continuous DNA strand
    Synthesizes DNA primers needed to start the
    Primase
    replication
    Helps to hold the DNA polymerase in place when
    Sliding Camp
    nucleotides are being added
    Helps relieve the stress on DNA when unwinding by
    Topoisomerase
    causing breaks and then resealing the DNA
    Enzymes Involved in the Prokaryotic DNA
    Replication
    Prokaryotic DNA Replication Enzymes and Their Function
    Binds to single-stranded DNA to avoid DNA
    Single-strand binding proteins (SSB)
    rewinding back
    DNA Replication in Eukaryotes

    Lesson 2
    DNA Replication in Eukaryotes
    • Eukaryotic genomes are much more complex and
    larger in size than prokaryotic genomes.
    • Eukaryotic chromosome have multiple origins of
    replication; humans for example can have up to 100,
    000 origins of replication.
    DNA Replication in Eukaryotes
    • The rate of replication is approximately 100
    nucleotides per second.
    • DNA polymerases in eukaryotes is much more than
    prokaryotes: 14 are known, 5 of which are known to
    have major roles during replication.
    (1)pol , (2)pol , (3)pol , (4) pol , (5) pol 
    Telomere Replication
    • Telomeres - the ends of the linear chromosomes.
    • - have repetitive sequences that code for no
    particular gene.
    • - These telomeres protect the genes from getting
    deleted as cells continue to divide.
    Telomere Replication
    • The discovery of the enzyme telomerase helped in
    the understanding of how chromosome ends are
    maintained. The telomerase enzyme contains a
    catalytic part and a built-in RNA template.
    Telomere Replication
    Telomerase and Aging
    • An enzyme named telomerase adds bases to the ends
    of telomeres. In young cells, telomerase keeps
    telomeres from wearing down too much. But as cells
    divide repeatedly, there is not enough telomerase, so
    the telomeres grow shorter and the cells age.
    Telomerase and Aging
    • An enzyme named telomerase adds bases to the ends
    of telomeres. In young cells, telomerase keeps
    telomeres from wearing down too much. But as cells
    divide repeatedly, there is not enough telomerase, so
    the telomeres grow shorter and the cells age.
    Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
    Replication
    Property Prokarypotes Eukaryotes

    Origin of Replication Single Multiple

    Rate of Replication 1, 000 nucleotide/s 50 to 100 nucleotide/s

    DNA polymerase types 5 14

    Telomerase Not present Present

    RNA primer removal DNA pol I Rnase H

    Strand elongation DNA pol III Pol , pol 

    Sliding camp Sliding Camp PCNA

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