Comparative Study of Steel-Concrete Composite

Construction
A Case Study of G+4 Residential Building in Earthquake Zone III
 ABSTRACT
• Steel-concrete composite construction means steel section encased in concrete for columns & the
concrete slab or profiled deck slab is connected to the steel beam with the help of mechanical shear
connectors so that they act as a single unit. In this project, steel-concrete composite with R.C.C. and
Steel options are considered for comparative study of G+4 storey residential building which is situated
in earthquake zone IV. Equivalent Static Method of Analysis is used. For modeling of Composite & R.C.C.
structures, STAADPro.V8i software is used and the results are compared; and it is found that composite
structure are more economical.
• The use of Steel in construction industry is very low in India compared to many developing countries.
Experiences of other countries indicate that this is not due to the lack of economy of Steel as a
construction material. There is a great potential for increasing the volume of Steel in construction,
especially the current development needs in India. exploring Steel as an alternative construction
material and not using it where it is economical is a heavy loss for the country. Also, it is evident that
now-a-days, the composite sections using Steel encased with Concrete are economic, cost and time
effective solution in major civil structures such as bridges and high rise buildings.
• Keywords :- Composite RCC, Steel, Cost Analysis, STAADProV8i
• Anamika Tedia and Dr. Savita Maru “Cost, Analysis and Design of
Steel-Concrete Composite Structure RCC Structure” Inference:-
• The cost comparison reveals hat Steel-Concrete composite
design structure is more costly, reduction in direct costs of
steel-composite structure resulting from speedy erection will
make Steel-concrete Composite structure economically viable.
Further, under earthquake considerations because of the
inherent ductility characteristics, Steel-Concrete structure will
perform better than a conventional R.C.C. structure.
• Anish N. Shah and Dr. P.S. Pajgade “Comparision Of R.C.C. And Comosite Multistoried Buildings”
Inference:-
• Analysis and design results of G+15 storied building with composite columns and R.C.C. columns is
given in chapter 6. The comparison of results of composite column building and R.C.C. column
building shows that:-
• The deflection & storey drift in composite structure is nearly double than that of R.C.C. Structure
but the deflection is within the permissible limit.
• Axial Force & Shear force in R.C.C. structure is on higher side than that of composite structure.
• Max. bending moment in beams of composite structure is slightly on higher side in some storey’s
than R.C.C. Structure.Composite structures are more economical than that of R.C.C. structure.
• Speedy construction facilitates quicker return on the invested capital & benefit in terms of rent.
• Weight of composite structure is quite low as compared to R.C.C. structure which helps in
reducing the foundation cost.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
• Figure 6 Comparison Of Bending Moment
• Yogesh R. Suryavanshi , Prashant S. Patil Deshmukh Siddheshwar Shrikant ,Gaikwad Amol Ramrao, Inamdar Firoj Najmoddin Puri Sujay Uttam
“Comparative Study On Analysis, Design And Cost Of R.C.C. And Steel-Composite Structure”
•
• Inference:-
• The cost comparison reveals that steel-composite design structure is somewhat same as R.C.C. structure. But reduction in direct cost of
steel-composite structure resulting from speedy erection will make steel-composite structure economically viable.
• Further under earthquake consideration because of the inherent ductility characteristics, steel-concrete structure will perform than
conventional R.C.C. structure.
• The axial forces, bending moment and deflections in R.C.C. are somewhat more as compared to the Steel-composite structure.
• The seismic forces are also not very harmful to the Steel composite structure as compared to the R.C.C. structure, due to low dead
weight.
• There is the reduction in cost of steel structure as compared to R.C.C. structure due to reduction in dimensions of elements.
• As the result shows steel composite option is better than R.C.C. Because composite option for high rise building is best suited. Weight of
composite structure is low as compared to R.C.C. structure which helps in reducing the foundation cost.
• As the dead weight of the steel composite structure is less as compared to R.C.C. structure, it is subjected to fewer amounts of forces
induced due to the earthquake.
• Composite structures are more economical than that of R.C.C. structure. Composite structures are the best solution for high rise structure
as compared to R.C.C. structure. Speedy construction facilitates quicker return on the invested capital and benefits in terms of rent.
• To avoid the temperature increase in these steel elements, it is necessary to make them fire resistant using various insulators.
 Introduction
Introduction to Steel-Concrete Composite
Construction:
• Composite construction is a method where
steel and concrete are combined to create
stronger buildings. In this process, steel
beams are covered with concrete, making
them work together as a single unit.
Importance of Comparative Study:
• We're conducting a study to compare this composite
construction method with the traditional method of
using reinforced concrete (RCC). By comparing them,
we can understand which method is better for
building a G+4 residential building in Nellore, India.
Overview of Project Scope:
• Our project aims to look at how both
methods perform in terms of strength, cost,
and their ability to withstand earthquakes.
This will help us choose the best method
for building safe and durable structures in
this area.
Assessing Structural Performance and Economy:
• We want to see how well each method
holds up under different conditions and
how much it costs to build and maintain
these structures. This will help us
determine which option is more practical
and cost-effective.
Analyzing Seismic Behavior:
• Because Nellore is in a seismic zone, it's
crucial to see how both methods handle
earthquakes. We'll look at factors like
stability and resilience to determine which
construction type is safer in this area.
Methodology
Description of Equivalent Static Method of
Analysis:
• We're using a method called the Equivalent
Static Method to analyze the structural behavior
of both steel-concrete composite and reinforced
concrete (RCC) structures. This method simplifies
the complex dynamic behavior of buildings
during earthquakes into equivalent static forces
for analysis.
Introduction to STAADPro.V8i Software:
• We're using a software called STAADPro.V8i
for our structural analysis. This software
helps us create digital models of the
buildings and apply various loads and
forces to simulate real-world conditions. It's
commonly used in civil engineering for
structural design and analysis.
Overview of Modeling Process for Composite and RCC
Structures:
• We're creating digital models of both steel-
concrete composite and RCC structures
using the STAADPro.V8i software. These
models will accurately represent the
physical characteristics of the buildings,
allowing us to analyze their behavior and
performance effectively.
Study Area
Brief Description of Nellore, Andhra Pradesh,
India:
• Nellore is a city located in the state of Andhra
Pradesh, India. It is known for its cultural
heritage and economic significance in the
region. Understanding the local context is
important for our study as it helps us tailor our
construction methods to suit the specific needs
and conditions of the area.
Seismic Zone III Classification:
• Nellore falls under Seismic Zone III, which
means it is prone to moderate seismic
activity. This classification indicates the
level of earthquake risk in the region and
emphasizes the importance of designing
structures that can withstand seismic
forces.
Importance of Seismic Considerations in Structural
Design:
• Given Nellore's seismic classification, it's
crucial to design buildings that are resilient
to earthquakes. Our study will evaluate
how both steel-concrete composite and
reinforced concrete structures perform
under seismic conditions, helping us
determine which construction method is
better suited for this seismic zone.
Composite Construction
Definition of Steel-Concrete Composite
Construction:
• Steel-concrete composite construction
involves combining steel and concrete to
create stronger and more resilient buildings.
In this method, steel sections such as beams
and columns are integrated with concrete to
form a unified structural system.
Components and Characteristics:
• The key components of steel-concrete
composite construction include steel beams,
which are encased in concrete for added
strength, and concrete slabs or decks, which
are connected to the steel beams using
mechanical shear connectors. This integration
allows the steel and concrete elements to work
together as a single unit, enhancing structural
performance.
Benefits and Advantages:
• There are several benefits to using steel-
concrete composite construction, including
increased structural strength, reduced
construction time, and enhanced seismic
resilience. By combining the best attributes of
both steel and concrete, composite structures
offer superior performance compared to
traditional construction methods.
Steel Usage in India
Overview of Steel Usage Trends:
• The use of steel in the construction
industry in India is relatively low compared
to many other developing countries.
Despite its advantages, steel has not been
widely adopted in construction projects
across the country.
Potential for Increasing Steel Usage:
• Experiences from other countries suggest
that the low usage of steel in India is not
due to its lack of economic viability as a
construction material. There is significant
potential for increasing the volume of steel
used in construction, especially considering
the current development needs in India.
Economic Benefits of Steel:
• Exploring steel as an alternative
construction material and leveraging its
economic benefits can lead to cost savings
and improved project outcomes. Not
utilizing steel where it is economical
represents a missed opportunity for the
country's construction industry.
 Data for Design and Analysis
• Model: G+4 • Material Used: Concrete M-30 and Reinforcement Fe-415 (HYSD
• Seismic Zone Factor: 0.16 (Zone III) Confirming to IS-1786)
• Floor Height: 3.2m • Reinforcement Used: High strength deformed steel Confirming
• Depth of Foundation: 1.5m to IS-786. Modulus of Elasticity: 200 kN/mm²
• Building Height: 16m • Static Analysis Method: Equivalent static lateral force method
• Plan Size: 12m x 12m • Software Used: STAAD-Pro for static analysis, MS Excel for Excel
Sheets
• Total Area: 144 Sq.m
• Specified Characteristics: Compressive strength of 150mm cube
• Earthquake Load: As per IS-1893-2002
at 28 days for M-30 grade concrete - 30N/mm²
• Type of Soil: Type -II, Medium soil as per IS-1893
• Importance Factor: 1
• Ec (Short Term Static Modulus of Elasticity): 5000√fck
• Fundamental Natural Time Period of Building (Ta):
N/mm²
• Ta = 0.075h^0.75 for moment resisting RC frame building
• Fck (Characteristic Cube Strength of Concrete): 0.7√fck
without infills
N/mm²
• Ta = 0.09h/√d for all other buildings including moment resisting
• Live Load: 2 kN/m² as per IS : 875 (Part II)-1987
RC frame building with brick infill walls
• Floor Finish Load: 1.00 kN/m²
• Where h = height of building, d = base dimension of building at
• Specific Weight of RCC: 25.00 kN/m² plinth level in meters along the considered direction of lateral
• Specific Weight of Infill: 20.00 kN/m² forces.
Plan and Elevation of the Structure
Introduction

• Objective: To compare the performance,

efficiency, and cost of composite and RCC
structures using ETABS
• Key Points:
– Overview of ETABS software.
Overview of ETABS

• Key Features
• Advanced Modeling:
– User-friendly graphical interface.
– Tools for beams, columns, slabs, walls, and braces.
– Efficient load assignment.
• Comprehensive Analysis:
– Static and dynamic analysis.
– P-Delta and modal analysis.
• Design Support:
– Steel, concrete, and composite design.
– Compliance with international and local codes.
• Applications
• Buildings (residential, commercial, industrial)
• Bridges
• Towers and masts
Materials and Sections

• Composite Structures:
– Materials: Steel, concrete for composite
decks.
– Sections: Steel beams, composite
columns.
Model Creation

• Grid and Story Setup:

– Uniform grid for both models.
– Defined story levels.
Load Definition and Application
• Load Types:
– Dead Loads
– Live Loads
– Wind Loads
– Seismic Loads
• Load Combinations: As per design codes
(e.g., ACI, AISC, IS 456).
Beam
elevation
3D View
Define loads
Dead Loads & Live Loads
Wind loads
Wind load at each story
Seismic loads
Analysis Process
• Analysis Type: Linear static analysis
• Key Results
Axial forces
Momentum
Shear Forces
Final Design
Thank You
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Questions ?