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    Distillation by McCabe Thiele Method 2

    Uploaded by

    Hassan
    The document discusses the McCabe-Thiele method for analyzing binary distillation columns. It provides an overview of the available data used, steps to solve the problem graphically including drawing the q-line, and how changing the reflux ratio affects the number of stages in the column.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Distillation by McCabe Thiele Method 2

    Uploaded by

    Hassan
    7 views21 pages
    The document discusses the McCabe-Thiele method for analyzing binary distillation columns. It provides an overview of the available data used, steps to solve the problem graphically including drawing the q-line, and how changing the reflux ratio affects the number of stages in the column.

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    Distillation by McCabe Thiele method 2

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document discusses the McCabe-Thiele method for analyzing binary distillation columns. It provides an overview of the available data used, steps to solve the problem graphically including drawing the q-line, and how changing the reflux ratio affects the number of stages in the column.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    7 views21 pages

    Distillation by McCabe Thiele Method 2

    Uploaded by

    Hassan
    The document discusses the McCabe-Thiele method for analyzing binary distillation columns. It provides an overview of the available data used, steps to solve the problem graphically including drawing the q-line, and how changing the reflux ratio affects the number of stages in the column.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    Binary System Distillation

    McCabe-Thiele Method
    continued ...
    We Discussed Before ...

    • Binary system distillation tray to tray calculations

    • Why we moved to graphical solution

    • The main idea of graphical solution

    • Introduction to McCabe Thiele method


    Today Inshallah

    • McCabe Thiele in more details:


    – The available data (usually)
    – Solution steps (more detailed)
    – Why we draw the q-line, and how
    – Final solution procedure
    – Effect of reflux ratio on column
    Available Data (usually)
    • Equilibrium relation y
    • Feed flow rate “F”
    • Feed composition “xF”
    • Distillate composition “xD”
    • Bottom product composition
    “xW”
    • Distillate or bottom product
    flow rate “D” or “W”
    • Reflux ratio “R”

    XW XF x XD
    Solution Steps: Top Section
    Top section operating (XD,XD )

    line:
    L D
    y  x  xD
    V V
    R xD
    y x
    1 R 1 R
    xD
    R 1
    Top section line is done
    if you know R and xD

    XW XF XD
    Solution Steps: Bottom Section
    The operating line of the (XD,XD )

    bottom section
    L' W
    y '  x' xW '
    V' V'
    passes by
    (xw,xw) and (0,-Wxw’/V’) xD
    R 1
    BUT ... q-line
    We do not know this
    (XW,XW )

    XW XF XD
    (0,-Wxw’/V’)
    q-Line
    q-line is the locus of (XD,XD )

    intersection of operating
    lines of top and bottom
    sections.

    xD
    The intersection of two R 1

    lines is got by equating


    their equations ...
    (XW,XW )

    XW XF XD
    q-Line
    V.y=L.x+D.xD (Top) V'V L'L
    y x  xF
    V’.y=L’.x-W.xW (Bottom) F F
    q

    From material balance at feed entrance :


    F+L+V’=L’+V
    F+(V’-V)=(L’-L) ÷F F
    L V

    V' V L' L
    1 
    F F L’ V’
    V' V
     q 1
    F
    q 1
    Finally q-line equation: y xi  xF
    q 1 q 1
    q-Line
    q 1
    y xi  xF
    q 1 q 1
    To draw the q-line we will need two points, or a
    point and the slope.
    At x=xF y=xF
    So point (xF,xF) lies on the q-line.

    We will now get the slope of the q-line to be


    able to draw it.
    q-Line
    From Energy balance at
    feed entrance :
    L V
    F.hF+L.hL+V’H.’V=L’.h’L+V.HV F hL HV
    hF
    And hL≈h’L, HV≈H’V
    L’ V’
    F.hF+(L-L’).hL=(V-V’).HV h’L H’V

    L  L' V  V'
    hF  hL  HV
    F F
    HV - hF
    hF+q.hL=(q-1)HV q
    HV - hL
    q-Line
    HV  hF
    q
    HV  hL
    At same feed composition, value of “q” and
    consequently the slope of q-line [q/(q-1)] may
    vary according to THE ENTHALPY OF FEED(hF).

    There are five cases for the q-line.


    1- Subcooled Feed
    hF<hL
    HV  hF
    q 1
    HV  hL
    q
    Slope  1
    q -1
    Slope is determined by
    calculating the feed
    enthalpy and getting XW XF XD

    the value of “q”


    2- Saturated Liquid Feed
    hF=hL
    HV  hF
    q 1
    HV  hL
    q
    Slope  
    q -1
    q-line is vertical in this
    case, so no need to
    calculate the feed XW XF XD

    enthalpy
    3- Partially vaporized Feed
    hL<hF<HV
    HV  hF
    q
    HV  hL
    0<q<1
    q
    Slope  0<Slope<∞
    q -1
    q-line is of negative
    slope, so feed enthalpy
    must be calculated to XW XF XD

    get the value of “q”


    4- Saturated Vapour Feed
    hF=HV
    HV  hF
    q 0
    HV  hL
    q
    Slope  0
    q -1
    q-line is horizontal in
    this case, so no need to
    calculate the feed XW XF XD

    enthalpy
    5- Superheated Feed
    hF>HV
    HV  hF
    q 0
    HV  hL
    q  ve
    Slope   0
    q - 1  ve  1
    q-line is of negative
    slope, so feed enthalpy
    must be calculated to
    get the value of “q” XW XF XD
    Finally q-line Cases

    1- Subcooled Feed 2 1
    3
    2- Saturated Liquid Feed
    3- Parially Vaporized Feed 4

    4- Saturated Vapour Feed 5

    5- Superheated Feed

    XW XF XD
    AND Finally ...

    (XD,XD )

    (XF,XF)

    xD
    R 1

    (XW,XW)

    XW XF XD
    Then count the number of stages as usual
    Effect of “R” on the Column
    • R1>R2>R3>R4
    • NTS1<NTS2<NTS3<NTS4 (XD,XD)

    xD
    R 4 1
    xD
    R4 R3 1
    R3
    R2 xD
    R1 R 2 1
    xD
    R1  1
    XW XF XD
    Minimum Reflux Ratio
    When operating line and
    equilibrium curve Pinch Point

    intersect we can get


    infinite number of stages
    at the conditions of x D

    minimum reflux ratio. R min 1

    Usually operating Reflux


    ratio is 1.2-1.3 times the
    minimum reflux ratio XW XF XD
    Next Time inshallah ...
    Using Microsoft Excel to draw McCabe
    Thiele diagram

    See you then 

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