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At the end of the lesson, the students should be able
to:
a.classify vertebrate animals into their respective
classes based on their characteristics and features.
b.demonstrate the ability to differentiate between
different vertebrate animals through physical models or
illustrations.
c. develop an appreciation for the importance of
vertebrate animals in maintaining ecological balance.
d. cultivate a sense of responsibility towards the
conservation of vertebrate species. .
Vertebrated Animals
Vertebrate Animals
Vertebrates Animal
Vertebrate animals are animals that have a backbone or spinal column.
Vertebrates are characterized by having a muscular system consisting primarily of
bilaterally paired masses and a central nervous system partly enclosed within the
backbone. Key words

Fishes are the largest group of vertebrates with more than
FISH
30,000 species. They are vertebrates that live in water. Mostly,
they have paired gills, fins and scales. They are cold-blooded
animals. Their body temperature depends on their
environment. As a strategy, some search for sunlight to warm
their bodies. Others seek a shaded area or water to cool off.
. They are herbivores, carnivores, filter
FISH
feeders, ores, and parasites. Additionally,
they also have a digestive system. They
have kidneys for excretion of waste
materials.
heir gills, found on both sides of the
head, are used to obtain oxygen. As the
enters the fish's mouth, it passes over
the gills. Gills also strains food from the
water.
- Amphibians
The word "amphibian" means "double life". Basically,
it means they live both on land and water. During
larval stage, they spend their lives in water but spend
their lives on land as adults. Like fishes, they are cold-
blooded.
AMPHIBIANS Amphibians are egg-laying animals or oviparous. When
they lay their eggs, they return to water.
These eggs are fertilized externally and undergo

metamorphosis.
Amphibians can do pretty amazing things. As adults, most
live on land with damp environment. They need to do this to
keep theil thin skin moist. In essence, they use their skin to
"breathe in" water. If the air is dry, they would loose water
rapidly and die. Key words
REPTILES
Snakes, lizards, alligator and crocodiles are reptiles. There are almost 9000
species of reptiles. Reptiles are characterized by their body covering called
scales or bony plates. The scales provide physical protection and prevent
water loss. The dry and thick skin keeps the water inside them. Similar to
fishes and amphibians, they are also coldblooded. They take the
temperature of their surroundings. Hence, reptiles developed ways to
increase or decrease their body temperature to stay alive. For example,
some reptiles lazily bask under the sun to increase their body temperature.
Such action increases muscle activity and metabolism while other stay on
riverbanks to warm their bodies under the sun.
Key words
Birds (Class Aves)
Are you captivated by the
colorful birds? What are the
distinct structures you find in a
bird?
Literally, birds are one of the
nature's head turners due to
their colorful feathers. Birds are
warm-blooded vertebrates. They
have a constant body
BIRDS temperature that stays the same
even when the surrounding
. temperature changes.
Key words
Birds are the only animals covered with feathers which are made up of keratin. Their
feathers serve man functions. They serve as insulator to maintain a constant body
temperature and used for flight. Their feathers help them attract and search for a possible
mating partner.
Bill is another part in Most birds are adapted to fly
common in birds. Bills while some are flightless birds
like penguin and ostrich. Flight
are bony keratin-
is influenced by lightweight,
covered projection porous bones powered by
forming the mouth but strong muscles. Flying helps
with no teeth. They are birds migrate from place to
adapted to widely place when environmental
varied foods like conditions do not fit them.
Since they fly in high altitudes,
insects, seeds, meat
their lungs are adapted to an
and nectar among atmosphere with less oxygen.
others.
Mammals are nearly 5000 species that
populates the animal kingdom. They are
divided into three main groups -
monotremes, marsupials, and placental
mammal.Mammals are the most complex
animals. If observe closely. mammals have
hair and mammary gland.
M A M M A L S M A M M A L S
Mammary glands are specialized glands that produce

milk. Milk contains water, sugars, protein, fats,
minerals, and antibodies that help young animals
grow and develop. Basically, it nourishes the young
mammals after they are born.
Monotremes
- Characteristics: Monotremes are egg-laying
mammals.
- Examples: The duck-billed platypus and echidnas
are examples of monotremes.
Marsupials
- Characteristics: Marsupials are

pouched mammals that carry their
young in their pouches.
- Examples: Kangaroos and wallabies
are examples of marsupials.
- Examples: Humans, bats,
hedgehogs, carabao, cows,
Placental Mammals
horses, dolphins, whales, and
Characteristics: Placental mammals develop inside the mother's
giraffes are examples of
body until their body systems can function independently. placental mammals.-
Thank you!

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At the end of the lesson, the students should be able

Vertebrate animals are animals that have a backbone or spinal column.

Vertebrates are characterized by having a muscular system consisting primarily of

backbone. Key words

. They are herbivores, carnivores, filter

These eggs are fertilized externally and undergo

Mammary glands are specialized glands that produce

- Characteristics: Marsupials are

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