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    of 17

    CONVOLUTION SUM

    COURSE TEACHER: DR. MD. ZAMIL SULTAN


    PROFESSOR & CHAIRMAN
    DEPT. OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING, HSTU

    COURSE CODE : EEE 353


    COURSE TITLE : DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
    PRESENTED BY

    • Anika Tahsin Orny


    Student ID: 2002210
    • Labaid Ferdous

    Student ID: 2002222


    • Tuhin Shuvro Mondol

    Student ID: 2002231


    • Md. Miju Islam

    Student ID: 2002247


    • Mehedi Hasan Mahim

    Student ID: 2002261


    1. Convolution
    2. Convolution for Continuous and Discrete Signal
    3. Equation derivation of Convolution Sum
    4. Mathematical Examples:
    Presentation a. Based on Equations
    Overview b. Based on Numerical Values
    5. Convolution By MATLAB
    6. Advantages and Limitations of Convolution
    1. CONVOLUTION
    Convolution is a formal mathematical operation, just as multiplication, addition, and integration. Addition takes two numbers
    and produces a third number, while convolution takes two signals and produces a third signal.
    Convolution is used in the mathematics of many fields, such as probability and statistics. In linear systems, convolution is used
    to describe the relationship between three signals of interest: the input signal, the impulse response, and the output signal.
    So, Convolution is a mathematical way of combining two signals to form a third signal in digital signal processing.
    Mathematically,
    δ[n] h[n]
    System

    Input Output or response


    x(n) = y(n) =
    System

    x[n] Linear System h[n] y[n]


    x[n]*h[n]= y[n]

    So for a given two finite length sequences x(n) and h(n). their linear convolution is defined as
    y(n)=x(n)*h(n)
    =
    2. CONVOLUTION FOR CONTINUOUS AND DISCRETE SIGNAL

    x(t) h(t) y(t)


    LTI system
    x(n) h(n) y(n)

    For continuous Signal convolution of x(t) and h(t)


    y(t)= x(t)* h(t)
    =
    =
    For Discrete convolution of x(n) and h(n)
    y(n)= x(n)* h(n)
    =
    =
    Hence continuous time convolution of x(t) and h(t)
    y(t)= x(t)* h(t) = =
    - For each value of t, we compute a different (possibly) infinite
    integral.
    And for Discrete convolution of x(n) and h(n)
    y(n)= x(n)* h(n)= =
    So discrete time definition is the continuous – time definition with
    integral replaced by summation.
    3. EQUATION DERIVATION OF
    CONVOLUTION SUM
    According to the shifting property of signals, any signal can be expressed as a combination of weighted and shifted
    impulse signal, i.e.

    x(n) = ……………. (1)

    Therefore, the impulse response of the system is,

    y(n)= T[x(n)] = ……………. (2)

    Or, y(n)= ……………. (3)

    The expression of Eqn. (3) is known as convolution sum. The convolution sum can be represented symmetrically as,

    y(n)= x(n)* h(n) ……………. (4)

    Also

    y(n)= = ……………. (5)

    So, linear invariant system (LTI) is completely characterized by Its impulse response.
    4. MATHEMATICAL EXAMPLES:
    a. Based on Equations:
    Recall that the impulse response for a discrete time echoing feedback system with gain a is

    h[n]= ……………….(1)

    and consider the response to an input signal that is another exponential

    x[n]= ……………….(2)

    We know that the output for this input is given by the convolution of the impulse response with the input signal

    y(n)= x(n)* h(n) ……………….(3)

    We would like to compute this operation by beginning in a way that minimizes the algebraic complexity of the expression. However, in this case, each
    possible choice is equally simple. Thus, we would like to compute

    ……………….(4)

    The step functions can be used to further simplify this sum. Therefore,

    y[n]=0 ……………….(5)

    For n<0 and


    Geometric Series for Sum,

    ……………….(6)

    For n≥0. Hence, provided ab≠ 1, we have that

    y
    =
    b. Based on Numerical Values

    Problem: h(n)= {1,2,1, -1} and x(n)= {1,2,3,1} compute y(n)=h(n)*x(n)

    Solution: we know y(n)=h(n)*x(n)

    y(n)= ……………….. (1)

    1.When n=0;

    y (0) =

    x(k)= {1,2,3,1}

    h(-k) = {-1,1,2,1}

    y (0) =

    =0+2+2+0
    =4
    2.When n=1 4. When n=3

    y (1) = y(3)=
    x(k)= {1,2,3,1}
    x(k)= {1,2,3,1}
    h(3-k)={0}
    h(1-k) = {-1,1,2,1}

    y (1) = y(3)=
    =0+1+4+3+0 =-2+3+2
    =8 =3
    3.When n=2 5. When n=4

    y(2)= y(4)=
    x(k)= {1,2,3,1}
    x(k)= {1,2,3,1}
    h(4-k)={0,0}
    h(2-k)={-1,1,2,1}

    y(2)= y(1)=
    =-1+2+6+1 =-3+1
    =8 =-2
    9. When n=-1
    6. When n=5 y(-1)=
    y(5)= x(k)= {1,2,3,1}
    x(k)= {1,2,3,1}
    h(-1-k)={-1,1,2 ,1}
    h(5-k)={0}
    y(6)=
    y(5)= =1
    = -1 10.When n=-2
    7. When n=6 y(-2)=
    y(6)= x(k)= {1,2,3,1}

    x(k)= {1,2,3,1} h(-2-k)={-1,1,2 ,1,0}

    h(6-k)={0} y(-2)=
    =0
    y(6)= 11.When n=-3
    =0 y(-3)=
    8. When n=7 x(k)= {1,2,3,1}
    y(7)=
    h(-3-k)={-1,1,2 ,1,0,0}
    x(k)= {1,2,3,1}
    y (-3) =
    h(7-k)={0} =0

    y(7)= y(n)= {………0,0,0,1,4,8,8,3, -2, -1,0,0,………}


    =0
    GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
    5. CONVOLUTION BY MATLAB
    MATLAB Script:
    clc;

    clear all;

    close all;

    n1 = 0: 1 : 3;

    x1 = [ 1 2 3 1];

    n2 = -1:1:2;

    h1 = [ 1 2 1 -1];

    Y = conv (x1, h1);

    n3 = -1:1:5;

    figure(1);

    subplot(3,1,1);

    stem(n1, x1,'blue','linewidth',2.5);

    title('Input [x(n)]');

    subplot(3,1,2);

    stem(n2, h1,'green','linewidth',2.5);

    title('Impulse Response [h(n)]');

    subplot(3,1,3);

    stem(n3, Y,'red','linewidth',2.5);

    title('output [y(n)]');
    MATLAB OUTPUT:
    6.ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF CONVOLUTION

    The advantages of convolution sum in digital signal processing include:


    - Flexibility in signal manipulation.
    - Efficiency with algorithms like FFT.
    - Linearity and superposition principle.
    - Frequency analysis through time-frequency domain relationship.
    - Mathematical representation for linear time-invariant systems.

    While convolution in digital signal processing offers numerous advantages, it also has
    some limitations:
    - Computational complexity.
    - Finite-length effects.
    - Memory requirements.
    - Frequency-domain limitations.
    - Challenges in implementation.
    THANK YOU

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