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    11.4 GeneticMutation

    Uploaded by

    Gilvert Panganiban

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    11.4 GeneticMutation

    Uploaded by

    Gilvert Panganiban
    6 views17 pages

    Original Title

    11.4_GeneticMutation

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    6 views17 pages

    11.4 GeneticMutation

    Uploaded by

    Gilvert Panganiban

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    GENETI

    LESSON 11.4

    C
    M UTATION
    MAIN IDEA:

    Errors in genetic information are called mutations.


    GENETIC MUTATIONS
    Many diseases or abnormalities caused by defects in the genetic
    material can be traced. Changes in the structure of genes that affects
    its inheritable nucleotide sequence are called mutations.

    Different types of mutations can result in changes in the quantity or


    quality of genes or chromosomes, and may or may not affect the
    phenotype of an organism.
    GENETIC MUTATIONS

    They may also involve a change in the structure of chromosomes or in


    DNA sequence. Mutations can happen spontaneously or can be caused
    by mutagens or mutagenic agents.
    GENETIC MUTATIONS

    Changes in the number of structure of chromosomes are called


    chromosomal aberrations. Chromosomal abberations may involve one
    ore more genes.
    BASED ON
    CHROMOSOME
    NUMBER
    CHROMOSOME NUMBER

    A change in chromosome number may be a euploidy (whole genome)


    or an aneuploidy (a change in the number of chromosomes).
    CHROMOSOME NUMBER

    Examples of aneuploids are the following:

    Klinefelter syndrome (2n = 47, 44 autosomes + XXY)


    Turner syndrome (2n = 45, 44 autosomes + X)
    Metafemale (2n - 47, 44 autosomes + XXX)
    Down syndrome or trisomy 21 (2n = 47)
    CHROMOSOME NUMBER

    Aneuploidy is often caused by a phenomenon called nondisjunction or


    the inability of the homologous sex chromosomes to segregate during
    meiosis.
    BASED ON
    CHROMOSOME
    STRUCTURE
    CHROMOSOME
    STRUCTURE
    Changes involving chromosome structure may be in the form of:
    -deletion (loss of a segment)
    -duplication (a chromosome pair in excess of the normal amount)
    -inversion (rotation of a chromosome segment)
    -translocation (transfer of a chromosome part to a nonhomologous
    chromosome)
    BASED ON
    NUCLEOTIDE
    SEQUENCE
    NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE

    Changes involving DNA sequence could involve deletion or insertion


    of one nucleotide pair (microlesion or point mutation) or deletion or
    insertion of a number of nucleotides in the DNA sequence (frameshift
    mutation).

    A change of a purine to a pyrimidine, or vice versa, is called


    transverse mutation.
    NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE

    Mutations vary on the type of cell affected.

    Somatic mutation, which involves body cells, affect only the part of
    the genetic sequence of one defective cell and the succeeding daughter
    cells. This type of mutation is not passed on to the next generation.
    NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE

    Sex cells mutation, which involves the sex cells or germ cells, can be
    passed on to the organism's offspring and will be present in every cell
    of the offspring's body.
    NOTE:

    Not all mutations are bad for organisms. In fact, some mutations could
    even lead to the evolution of organisms. It may also cause variations
    in the organism which lead to diversity.
    GENETIC MUTATIONS

    THANK YOU FOR


    LISTENING !!!

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