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    ITC Project

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    tiwari.anjali20242026

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    ITC Project

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    tiwari.anjali20242026
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    ITC Project PPT (1)

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    5 views19 pages

    ITC Project

    Uploaded by

    tiwari.anjali20242026

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    MULTI-LINK

    OPERATION IN WIFI-7

    ADITI JAISWAL - 20BEC1088


    ANJALI TIWARI - 20BEC1177
    K T ANKITHA​- 20BEC1035
    Introduction
    WiFi has become widely used because of its constant improvement through periodic
    revisions that enable it to adapt to the changing needs of wireless connectivity
    Multi-link Operation is a crucial feature of Wi-Fi 7
    MLO allows data to be transmitted and received simultaneously over several
    wireless interfaces in access points and stations that have dual- or tri-band capability
    In the first section of the project, we send packets across a single channel between
    an AP and a station, increasing the amount of packets each time and adjusting the
    SNR to demonstrate the effect on throughput and bit error rate
    After that, an attempt is made to implement MLO on IEEE 802.11be WLANs by
    generating a MAC frame and adding two identifying bits—which function as TID
    bits—at the start of the payload
    By gaining access to the TID, packets are divided into groups according to the QoS
    requirements and then sent via channels 2.4, 5 or 6 GHz
    By comparing the resulting throughput and transmission time with those obtained
    without the use of MLO, it is possible to draw conclusions about how MLO lowers
    latency and increases communication speeds
    WiFi 7
    IEEE 802.11be Extremely High Throughput , commonly known as WiFi 7, is the
    next generation of WiFi standards
    Utilising all three bands allows it to make the most of available bandwidth
    WiFi 7 aims to give incredible speeds for every device with higher efficiency
    than WiFi 6, which was developed in response to the world's expanding number
    of gadgets
    WiFi 7 offers rates that are 4.8 times faster than WiFi 6 and 13 times faster than
    WiFi 5, thanks to the introduction of 320 MHz ultra-wide bandwidth, 4096-
    QAM, Multi-RU, and Multi-Link Operation
    WiFi 6 severely restricts the flexibility of spectrum resource scheduling because
    each user can only send and receive frames on a designated resource unit
    Multi-Link Operation in Wi-
    Fi 7

    Multi-band and multi-channel are referred to as multi-link


    operations in 802.11be
    The idea that a single client device can simultaneously
    communicate with an AP over numerous radios and frequency
    bands is introduced by Wi-Fi 7's multi-link operation
    These radios can choose to operate on the 2.4, 5 or 6 GHz band,
    or even just one frequency band, depending on which one
    happens to be the most effective at the moment of transmission
    SLO : This mode allows access to
    SLO : This mode allows access to the
    the primary channel interface only
    primary channel interface only
    MLO Modes

    MLO-STR : Dual radio interface


    MLO-STR : Dual radio interface
    links function separately and
    links function separately and
    asynchronously in this mode
    asynchronously in this mode

    MLO-NSTR : NSTR is not capable


    MLO-NSTR : NSTR is not capable
    of sending and receiving data
    of sending and receiving data
    concurrently over separate lines
    concurrently over separate lines
    MLO Architecture

    The MLO architecture is implemented using several


    partition layouts
    The MAC sub-layer is separated into Upper MAC
    and Lower MAC , as shown
    LMAC is a separate component for every interface
    that uses its own set of parameters to carry out link-
    specific operations like channel access
    The MLO Concept
    In previous WiFi generations, including WiFi 6 and WiFi 5, a
    device can only connect to one WiFi band — either the 2.4
    GHz band or 5 GHz band. The latest WiFi 6E products now
    also connect to 6 GHz.

    With MLO, WiFi 7 supports establishing multiple links


    between the Station (STA, such as your phone) and WiFi
    access point (AP, such as your router). Connecting to the 2.4
    GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz bands simultaneously increases
    throughput, reduces latency, and improves reliability. It is
    ideal for emerging applications like VR/AR, online gaming,
    remote office, and cloud computing.
    Packet-level aggregation in MLO
    Flow-level aggregation in MLO
    Approach
    • The transmission of packets via a single AP to a station was carried out
    and the throughput was calculated for various SNR levels
    • The MAC layer was accessed and divided into upper and lower MAC
    frames
    • 2 bits were added to the payload contained in the lower MAC layer
    • Depending on these bits the selection of 2.5, 5 and 6 GHz was made
    • The comparison of the throughput for with and without MLO was
    carried out
    Analysis
    Variation of Throughput
    (packets sent through per
    second) with the SNR
    Variation of Packet
    Error Rate (PER) with
    the SNR
    Variation in throughput and
    PER with increasing SNR and
    no. of packets
    Results after MLO implementation -
    Comparison of transmission time when different
    frequency links are active
    Throughput and transmission time
    comparison - with and without MLO
    Impact of MLO on throughput as
    the number of users (and hence,
    packets) increases.
    Conclusion

    The graph indicates that the implementation of


    MLO helps in increasing the throughput and
    decreasing latency
    The transmission times with and without MLO are
    depicted and a significant difference is observed
    References
    • Á. López-Raventós and B. Bellalta, "Multi-Link Operation in IEEE 802.11be
    WLANs," in IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 94-100, August
    2022, doi: 10.1109/MWC.006.2100404.
    • Mediatek, “Wi-Fi 7 Multi Link Operation” , white paper, 2022.
    • C. Chen, X. Chen, D. Das, D. Akhmetov and C. Cordeiro, "Overview and
    Performance Evaluation of Wi-Fi 7," in IEEE Communications Standards Magazine,
    vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 12-18, June 2022, doi: 10.1109/MCOMSTD.0001.2100082.
    • Dr. A. Shaji George, A. S. Hovan George, & Dr. T. Baskar. (2023). Wi-Fi 7: The Next
    Frontier in Wireless Connectivity. Partners Universal International Innovation
    Journal, 1(4), 133–145.
    • D. Medda, A. Iossifides and P. Chatzimisios, "Study of Band Allocation Policies in
    IEEE 802.11be Networks with Devices of Different Capabilities," ICC 2023 - IEEE
    International Conference on Communications, Rome, Italy, 2023, pp. 3205-3209, doi:
    10.1109/ICC45041.2023.10279426.
    • N. Korolev, I. Levitsky and E. Khorov, "Analytical Model of Multi-Link Operation in
    Saturated Heterogeneous Wi-Fi 7 Networks," in IEEE Wireless Communications
    Letters, vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 2546-2549, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.1109/LWC.2022.3207946.
    • M. Carrascosa, G. Geraci, E. Knightly and B. Bellalta, "An Experimental Study of
    Latency for IEEE 802.11be Multi-link Operation," ICC 2022 - IEEE International
    Conference on Communications, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 2022, pp. 2507-2512,
    doi: 10.1109/ICC45855.2022.9838765.

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